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| Author | Mishra, C.; Madhusudan, M.D. | ||||
| Title | An Incentive Scheme for Wildlife Conservation in the Indian Trans-Himalaya | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 2002 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
| Volume | Issue | Pages | |||
| Keywords | snow; leopard; asia; south; central; uncia; depredation; livestock; India; Himalaya; Himalayan; conservation; prey; density; 5010 | ||||
| Abstract | The habitat of the snow leopard Uncia uncia across South and Central Asia is subject to extensive pastoral use. Levels of livestock depredation by the snow leopard and other carnivores in the region are high, and often provokes retaliatory killing by the herders. This direct threat to large carnivores is further aggravated by a depletion of wild prey due to poaching and out-competition by livestock. In this paper, we describe a pilot project in the Indian Trans-Himalaya, which uses an incentive scheme to create areas free from livestock grazing on community-owned land, thereby fostering conservation commitment among local pastoralists, as well as contributing directly to an enhancement of wild prey density. |
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| Publisher | Islt | Place of Publication | Islt | Editor | |
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| Notes | Title, Monographic: Proceedings of the Snow Leopard Survival SummitPlace of Meeting: Seattle,WA | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 487 | Serial | 692 | ||
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| Author | Wingard, J.R.; Zahler, P. | ||||
| Title | Silent Steppe: The Illegal Wildlife Trade Crisis in Mongolia | Type | Report | ||
| Year | 2006 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 1-147 | ||
| Keywords | steppe; illegal; wildlife; trade; Mongolia; asia; environment; social; development | ||||
| Abstract | The current study in Mongolia is truly groundbreaking, in that it shows that the problem of commercial wildlife trade is also vast, unsustainable, and a major threat to wildlife populations in other areas. This paper's Executive Summary briefs the topics of wildlife trade in Mongolia, fur trade, medicinal trade, game meat trade, trophy and sport hunting, trade chains and markets, trade sustainability, impacts of wildlife trade on biodiversity conservation, impacts of trade on rural livelihoods, enabling wildlife management, and management recommendations. The main content of the paper includes: wildlife trade survey methods, a history of wildlife trade in Mongolia, wildlife take and trade today, enabling wildlife management, and recommendations and priority actions. The recommendations have been divided into six separate sections, including (1) cross-cutting recommendations, (2) international trade enforcement, (3) domestic trade enforcement, (4) hunting management, (5) trophy and sport hunting management, and (6) community-based approaches. Each section identifies short-term, long-term, and regulatory goals in order of priority within each subsection. | ||||
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| Publisher | World Bank | Place of Publication | Washington D.C. | Editor | East Asia and Pacific Environment and Social Development Department |
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| Notes | English version. Mongolian language translation is also available in the SLN bibliography. Mongolia Discussion Papers. East Asia and Pacific Environment and Social Development Department. Washington D.C.: World Bank. | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 1057 | Serial | 1025 | ||
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| Author | Vashetko E.V. | ||||
| Title | Snow Leopard bibliography in Central Asia | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
| Year | 2004 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 358-383 | ||
| Keywords | Central Asia; bibliography; snow leopard.; 8470; Russian | ||||
| Abstract | Reference List of the Snow Leopard investigation included publications on the studying various questions of ecology and conservation of the Snow Leopard in Central Asia (355) for the period with 1851 for 2004. The most important work on this species in the region, as well as results of the analysis of timing of publications was described. | ||||
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| Notes | Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Status and perspectives of the protected area network in Central Asia. | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 824 | Serial | 982 | ||
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| Author | Syroyechkovskiy E.E. | ||||
| Title | Kazakhstan and Central Asia | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
| Year | 1975 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 223-231 | ||
| Keywords | Central Asia; Kazakhstan; fauna; snow leopard; distribution.; 8370; Russian | ||||
| Abstract | Common features, origin, and landscape and zonal peculiarities of fauna in Kazakhstan and Central Asia are described. This region is part of the Mediterranean and Central Asia sub-zone of Golarctic, while north-eastern part of Kazakhstan is incorporated in the Round-boreal sub-zone. The main features of nature (sharply continental climate, vast valleys and well-marked zoning combined with a sophisticated system of vertical mountain zoning) stipulate the abundance and diversity of fauna. There are over 100 fish species, some 100 reptile and amphibian species, about 500 bird and 160 mammal species here. Snow leopard can be found in Kazakhstan's part of the Altai, in the Tien Shan and Pamir mountains. | ||||
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| Notes | Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Fauna of the USSR. | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 815 | Serial | 954 | ||
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| Author | International Snow Leopard Trust | ||||
| Title | Trade Continues in Snow Leopard Skins | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
| Year | 1996 | Publication | Snowline | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | xiv | Issue | Pages | ||
| Keywords | poaching; pelts; trade; asia; Pakistan; China; Kashgar; browse; 4550 | ||||
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| Publisher | Islt | Place of Publication | Seattle | Editor | |
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| Notes | Full Text at URLJournal Title: Snowline | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 443 | Serial | 924 | ||
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| Author | Severtsov N.A. | ||||
| Title | Animals. Mammalia. Typical mountain animals. Taxonomic tables of the Turkistan fauna | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
| Year | 1953 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 20, 29-38, 104-105 | ||
| Keywords | Centarl Asia; geographical zones; fauna; mammals; snow leopard.; 8120; Russian | ||||
| Abstract | Geo-botanic and zoogeographical description of altitude landscape zones of Central Asia is given. Snow leopard (Felis irbis), ibex (Capra sibirica), brown bear (Ursus leuconyx), dhole (Canis alpinus) and others (10 species in total) are vertically distributed (2,348 3,048 m) in the deciduous forest, fir forest and alpine meadow zones. | ||||
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| Notes | Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Vertical and horizontal distribution of Turkistan animals (printed according to the edition of 1873). | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 790 | Serial | 878 | ||
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| Author | Schaller, G.B. | ||||
| Title | Status of large mammals in the Taxkorgan Reserve, Xinjiang, China | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1987 | Publication | Biological-Conservation | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 42 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 53-71 |
| Keywords | Marco-Polo; sheep; Ovis-ammon-poli; Asiatic; ibex; Capra-ibex; blue-sheep; Pseudois-nayaur; snow; leopard; Panthera-uncia; wolf; Canis-lupus; brown; bear; Ursus-arctos; marmot; survey; status; China; Taxkorgan; reserve; capra ibex; snow leopard; blue; browse; marco polo; ovis; ammon; poli; capra; pseudois nayaur; panthera; uncia; canis; lupus; ursus arctos; 880 | ||||
| Abstract | A status survey of large mammals was conducted in the W half of 14 000 km“SUP 2” Taxkorgan Reserve. Only one viable population of fewer than 150 Marco Polo sheep Ovis ammon poli survives; it appears to be augmented by adult males from Russia and Afghanistan during the winter rut. Asiatic ibex Capra ibex occur primarily in the western part of the reserve and blue sheep Pseudois nayaur – the most abundant wild ungulate – in the E and SE parts. The 2 species overlap in the area of contact. Counts revealed an average wild ungulate density of 0.34 animals km“SUP -2”. Snow leopard Panthera uncia were rare, with possibly 50-75 in the reserve, as were wolves Canis lupus and brown bear Ursus arctos. The principal spring food of snow leopard was blue sheep (60%) and marmot (29%). Local people have greatly decimated wildlife. Overgrazing by livestock and overuse of shrubs for fuelwood is turning this arid steppe habitat into desert. -from Authors | ||||
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| Notes | Full Text Available at URLDocument Type: English | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 100 | Serial | 866 | ||
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| Author | Riddell, Mand L.G. | ||||
| Title | Snow Leopard Expedition Kazakhstan 2004 | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
| Year | 2004 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
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| Keywords | Kazakhstan; snow leopard; expedition; Central Asia; ecotourism; map; 5730 | ||||
| Abstract | This Newcastle University Expedition reviewed the conflict between man and snow leopard in the region east of Tekeli in the Dzhungarian Alatau range, Kazakhstan. After the soviet state breakup in 1991 snow leopards in Kazakhstan and in the other Asian republics were subjected to high levels of persecution. There are thought to be between 180-200 snow leopards in Kazakhstan, of which 37-40 individuals inhabit the Dzhungarian Mountains. No work has been done previously to review the present snow leopard-human conflicts in this region, and this project looked to update previous reports from Central Asia about predominant conflicts in these regions. The expedition team worked with the Institute of Zoology in Kazakhstan and two of the six person team were Kazakh students. Methods comparable to those used in previous studies were used to map and rank the threats in the western area of the range, over an eight week period. The expedition team lived in the mountains for periods of two-three weeks, carrying all their food and equipment and using local vehicles, horses and trekking to move from pasture to pasture. Semi-structured interviews, key informant interviews and prey counts were used to assess snow leopard-human conflicts including poaching of snow leopard, poaching of leopard wild prey, human disturbance and livestock overgrazing. The results from the report support much previous work from Kazakhstan and other areas in Central Asia, but serve as a useful update shedding light on an optimistic future for snow leopard conservation while highlighting what the expedition team perceives to be the major threats to snow leopards. The threats to snow leopards, in order of relevance from most to least, are loss of prey predominantly through hunting by local people (both legal and illegal), direct hunting of snowleopard for pelt/medicine, disturbance by herders on the pastures, snow leopard habitat fragmentation around the mountain bases, and least importantly overgrazing by domestic livestock. Retaliatory kills by herders are not a threat in the region and on livestock were killed by snow leopards. Levels of all hunting, legal and illegal, need to be reduced in the range until wildlife populations have recovered significantly from the mid-1990's over-hunting period. Levels of rural corruption among many stakeholders were high around the mountain region, and are thought to contribute negatively to wildlife conservation in the area. Ecotourism in the area, that incorporates local people around the mountain region, is proposed as a solution to offer local people's incentives to lower hunting levels. This report makes the following main recommendations: ÿStrengthening law enforcement capacity ÿIncreasing the number of ecological rangers ÿIncreasing incentives of ecological rangers to prevent poaching ÿEquipping the ecological rangers more sufficiently ÿMore effective communication between ranger and National Park administrative regions ÿThe involvement of all stakeholders in wildlife conservation including military officials and local herders ÿWhistle blower policies to prevent illegal trade in all animals in the region ÿMore geographic consistency between present and proposed protected areas in the region Accurate snow leopard monitoring to build on valuable information previously collected in Kazakhstan Provision of local incentives (ecotourism and community based hunting reserves) to reduce local hunting and local unemployment around the mountains Increased interest and technical assistance in Kazakhstan from conservation International Non-Governmental Organizations More government fund for the Institute of Zoology Stronger cross border (Kazakhstan-China) legislation implementation Further research could involve establishing an annual, standardized, snow leopard survey in the range, or could compare these findings of threats to snow leopards to other regions in Kazakhstan (eg. The Altai) or Central Asia. This report has been replicated for all the expedition sponsors, put on the internet, and distributed among contacts in the snow leopard conservation community. The expedition team also spent some time exploring and photographing some of the remoter valleys around the study pastures, and made a short video of the teams exploits. Links were made between KIMEP University in Almaty, and Newcastle University, registered a research centre with the Royal Geographical Society, and lectured about the Dzhungarian range and snow leopard conservation at; the Royal Geographical Society, Newcastle University, Royal Zoological Society for Scotland(Edinburgh Zoo), and Wilderness Lecturers (Bristol). |
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 283 | Serial | 816 | ||
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| Author | Reading, R.P.; Mix, H.; Lhagvasuren, B.; Blumer, E.S. | ||||
| Title | Status of wild Bactrian camels and other large ungulates in south-western Mongolia | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1999 | Publication | Oryx | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 33 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 247-255 |
| Keywords | argali; Asian wild ass; Bactrian camels; Camelus bactrianus; goitred gazelle; Mongolia.; 5230 | ||||
| Abstract | Abstract Wild Bactrian camels Camelus bactrianus ferus are endangered. Surveys over the past several decades suggest a marked decline in camel numbers and reproductive success. However, most surveys were made using methods that precluded rigorous population estimation. The need for more accurate surveys resulted in an aerial survey of known and suspected camel habitat in Mongolia during March 1997. We estimated density, group density and population size of large mammals in south-western Mongolia using the interactive computer program DISTANCE. We recorded sufficient data for population modelling of wild Bactrian camels, goitred gazelles Gazella subgutturosa, Asian wild asses Equus hemionus and argali sheep Ovis ammon. We observed 277 camels in 27 groups (mean group size = 10.269 +- 2.38 SE camels: group). Modelling yielded a population estimate of 198 +- 802 SE camels in the survey area. Population modelling for other ungulates yielded estimates of 6046 +- 1398 SE goitred gazelles, 1674 +- 506 SE Asian wild asses and 909 +- 303 SE argalis. Discrepancies between population estimates of ungulates in our survey and previous surveys are discussed with regard to methods used and robustness of results obtained. We also discuss conservation implications for wild Bactrian camels and other Mongolian ungulates. | ||||
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| Notes | Full text available at URL | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 508 | Serial | 812 | ||
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| Author | Puzanov I.I. | ||||
| Title | Central Asia sub-area | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
| Year | 1938 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 240-244 | ||
| Keywords | Central Asia; fauna; snow leopard.; 8020; Russian | ||||
| Abstract | The author describes fauna of the Central Asia sub-area. Snow leopard is a typical inhabitant of the sub-area highlands. | ||||
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| Notes | Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Zoogeography. | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 780 | Serial | 797 | ||
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| Author | Novikov G.A. | ||||
| Title | Sub-genus UNCIA Gray | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
| Year | 1956 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 274-277 | ||
| Keywords | Ussr; Central Asia; uncia; snow leopard; taxonomy; distribution; habitats; highly mountain; reproduction; Migration; use.; 7760; Russian | ||||
| Abstract | Identification features of the sub-genus Uncia (colour; length of body and tail; shoulder height, and skull measurements) are given. Distribution, habitat, way of life, reproduction biology, behavioural patterns, migration routes, commercial value of snow leopard in the USSR is described. | ||||
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| Notes | Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Predatory mammals of the USSR fauna. | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 754 | Serial | 726 | ||
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| Author | Zakhidov T.Z.Meklenburtsev R.N., B.O.P. | ||||
| Title | Snow leopard Uncia uncia Schreb. Distribution of fauna elements over Central Asia | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
| Year | 1971 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
| Volume | Vol. 2. Vertebrate animals. | Issue | Pages | 234-235 | |
| Keywords | Central Asia; snow leopard; distribution; preys; behavior; practical value.; 8670; Russian | ||||
| Abstract | Snow leopard inhabits the mountainous ecosystems from Tarbagatai to Hissar and Pamir. It feeds upon large animals such as ibex, argali, roe deer, and sometimes domestic sheep, rodents, and birds (most frequently snow cock). The skin of this animal is not of significant value and is rarely an item of trade. In many countries, zoos will readily buy snow leopards. There is no danger for a man to catch snow leopard since even being wounded during a hunt, the animal would never attack the man. An encounter with snow leopard in the mountains will always end safely for human being, as it is always first to spot a man and go away unnoticed. | ||||
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| Notes | Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Nature and fauna of Central Asia. | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 844 | Serial | 1069 | ||
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| Author | McCarthy, T.; Allen, P. | ||||
| Title | Knitting for snow leopards | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1999 | Publication | Cat News | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 30 | Issue | Pages | 24-25 | |
| Keywords | conservation-programs; endangered; threatened-species; human-dimensions; management; conservation; asia; Mongolia; herder; herding; herders; browse; threatened; species; programs; Human; dimensions.; 1040 | ||||
| Abstract | The authors describe an innovative conservation program for the endangered snow leopard. A program was established in which herding families in Mongolia knit scarves, gloves, and hats from camel, sheep, and cashmere wool for sale as eco-friendly products. The program increases family incomes, brings in revenue for conservation programs, and educates the herders on the leopards. klf. | ||||
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| Notes | Full Text at URL. Author Contact: 4649 Sunnyside Ave N. ,Suite 325, Seattle Wa 98103Document Type: English | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 368 | Serial | 659 | ||
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| Author | Mallon, D. | ||||
| Title | The Snow Leopard, Panthera uncia, in Mongolia | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1984 | Publication | Int.Ped.Book of Snow Leopards | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 4 | Issue | Pages | 3-9 | |
| Keywords | Mongolia; snow-leopard; gobi; distribution; status; asia; herders; snow leopard; browse; 950 | ||||
| Abstract | In the International Pedigree Book of Snow Leopards 3, Blomqvist and Sten notes (1982) that no information had been recieved on the snow leopard in Mongolia. The present paper sets out to repair that omission by summarising the information in print on snow leopards in Mongolia and giving a brief account of its distribution in the country. This is essentially a review paper and it is hoped that more precise data may be obtained from fieldwork carried out in the future by Mongolian zoologist. The author worked in Mongolia for two years 1975-1977, and during that time collected information on mammals of Mongolia. Information on the snow leopard was obtained from colleagues at the State University of Mongolia; from zoologists and hunters; from herdsmen and local informants from all parts of the country and from three journeys made by the author: to the eastern Gobi Altai; the Khangai mountains, and a 2000 km journey through western Altai. In this paper, the term “Mongolia” refers to the territory of the Mongolian peoples Republic | ||||
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| Notes | Full text available at URLDocument Type: English | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 114 | Serial | 643 | ||
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| Author | Lutz, H.; Isenbugel, E.; Lehmann, R. | ||||
| Title | Retrovirus serology in snow leopards and other wild felids in European zoos | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 1994 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 203-208 | ||
| Keywords | veterinary; medicine; retrovirus-serology; retoviruses; pathogens; leukemia; spumavirus; anemia; neoplasia; immune-suppression; gingivitus; browse; retrovirus serology; retrovirus; serology; immune suppression; immune; suppression; 3460 | ||||
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| Publisher | Islt | Place of Publication | Usa | Editor | J.L.Fox; D.Jizeng |
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| Notes | Full Text at URLTitle, Monographic: Seventh International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: ChinaDate of Copyright: 1994 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 243 | Serial | 628 | ||
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| Author | Laptev M.K. | ||||
| Title | The cats – Felidae | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
| Year | 1929 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
| Volume | Issue I. | Issue | Pages | 55-60 | |
| Keywords | Central Asia; Felidae; snow leopard; taxonomy; distribution.; 7550; Russian | ||||
| Abstract | It describes identification features of the Felidae family species (ItŒ¤ŒlŒbus, A¤inŒn¢o, L¢no, Oigris, D…rdus, Uncia, r†m…†lurus, ¥…a…¤…l, ¥atolynx, Felis): colour, body size and skull length, length of limbs, presence or absence of ear-brushes, cheek-bones width, nasal bones, palatine bone, rapacious tooth, and acoustical capsules. | ||||
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| Notes | Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Central Asia mammals Guide (insectivorous, bats, predators, and ungulates). | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 733 | Serial | 611 | ||
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| Author | Kuznetzov B.A. | ||||
| Title | Materials on mammal fauna in Central Asia. Central Asian mountainous province | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
| Year | 1963 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 116-121 | ||
| Keywords | Central Asia; mountains; fauna; snow leopard; distribution.; 7520; Russian | ||||
| Abstract | It provides a list of mammals of Central Asia (species and sub-species) indicating their main habitats, and undertakes an attempt to zone fauna of Central Asia based on data collected by the world science community concerning distribution of various mammal species over the country. Snow leopard Uncia uncia Schr. was indicated to inhabit the mountains of Central Asia. | ||||
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| Notes | Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Biology, biogeography, and taxonomy of mammals in the USSR. Proceeding of MOIP. | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 730 | Serial | 604 | ||
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| Author | Kuznetsov B.A. | ||||
| Title | The mountainous province in Central Asia | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
| Year | 1950 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
| Volume | Edition 20th. (XXXV). New series. Zoological secti | Issue | Pages | 141-144 | |
| Keywords | Central Asia; landscapes; biodiversity; mountain zone; fauna; snow leopard.; 7510; Russian | ||||
| Abstract | The landscape and biologic diversity of Central Asia's mountains are described. Different types of fauna complexes are segregated. Snow leopard, dhole, and ibex are referred to Central Asia's highland species. | ||||
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| Notes | Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Essay on geographical zoning in the USSR. | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 729 | Serial | 600 | ||
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| Author | Krever V. | ||||
| Title | Ecosystems of the High Mountains Species of Special Interest in Uzbekistan | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
| Year | 1998 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 55-59 | ||
| Keywords | Central Asia; mountain ecosystem; fauna; vertebrates; endangered species; threats; protected areas network; snow leopard.; 7470; Russian | ||||
| Abstract | It gives description complexes of mountain ecosystems fauna of Central Asia, endangered vertebrates, main threats to biodiversity and existing protected areas network. Among the rare animal species of the alpine and subalpine meadows first of all should be listed the West Tien Shan endemic, the Menzbier's marmot (Marmota menzbien); the markhor wild goat which still inhabits the Vakhsh range in Tadjikistan; the dhole (Cyon alpinus) which is practically extinct; the Tien Shan bear (Ursus arctos isabellinus), and the snow leopard (Uncia uncia); among birds, the wlute-chested dove (Columba leuconota), sandgrouse (Syrrhaptes tibetanus, snowcocks (Tetraogallus tibetanus, T.altaicus) and bearded vulture (Gypaetus barbatus). | ||||
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| Notes | Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Biodiversity Conservation in Central Asia. An Analysis of Biodiversity and Current Threats and Initial Investment Portfolio. | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 725 | Serial | 596 | ||
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| Author | Koshkarev, E. | ||||
| Title | Strategy of Snow Leopard Conservation in the Range | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 2002 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
| Volume | Issue | Pages | |||
| Keywords | snow; leopard; uncia; conservation; poaching; protected; areas; range; population; protection; asia; endangered; species; 4990 | ||||
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| Publisher | Islt | Place of Publication | Islt | Editor | |
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| Notes | Title, Monographic: Proceedings of the Snow Leopard Survival SummitPlace of Meeting: Seattle,WA | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 485 | Serial | 568 | ||
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| Author | Koshkarev E. | ||||
| Title | About snow leopard | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
| Year | 2001 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
| Volume | Vol. 8. | Issue | Pages | 148-151 | |
| Keywords | Central Asia; status; poaching; conservation measures; snow leopard.; 7290; Russian | ||||
| Abstract | In 1980-s, in Central Asia there were 1,500-1,700 snow leopards: 800-900 in Kyrgyzstan, 500 in Tajikistan, 200 in Kazakhstan, and 100 in Uzbekistan. During the last century the number of snow leopard was constantly decreasing, though a its drastic reduction was observed after the collapse of the Soviet Union because of increased poaching for snow leopard and its objects of prey. The highest level of poaching was observed to occur in Kyrgyzstan. Kyrgyzstan's population of snow leopard reduced to 200 animals. A decrease of snow leopard number in other parts of its habitat with less intense hunting (Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, south-west Kyrgyzstan) was mostly because of depletion of food resources (population of ungulates reduced five eight times). The reasons are corruption and unemployment. In order to improve the situation it is required to improve regulatory framework and replicate existing positive experience in economic motivation of nature protection activities. | ||||
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| Notes | Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Biological diversity of the West Tien Shan (Kazakhstan part). Proceedings of the Aksu Jabagly state nature reserve. | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 707 | Serial | 557 | ||
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| Author | Ghoshal, A., Bhatnagar, Y. V., Pandav, B., Sharma, K., Mshra, C. | ||||
| Title | Assessing changes in distribution of the Endangered snow leopard Panthera uncia and its wild prey over 2 decades in the Indian Himalaya through interviewbased occupancy surveys | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2017 | Publication | Oryx | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 1-13 | ||
| Keywords | Asiatic ibex, blue sheep, carnivore, occupancy, snow leopard, survey, threat, ungulate | ||||
| Abstract | Understanding species distributions, patterns of change and threats can form the basis for assessing the conservation status of elusive species that are difficult to survey. The snow leopard Panthera uncia is the top predator of the Central and South Asian mountains. Knowledge of the distribution and status of this elusive felid and its wild prey is limited. Using recall-based key-informant interviews we estimated site use by snow leopards and their primary wild prey, blue sheep Pseudois nayaur and Asiatic ibex Capra sibirica, across two time periods (past: �; recent: �) in the state of Himachal Pradesh, India. We also conducted a threat assessment for the recent period. Probability of site use was similar across the two time periods for snow leopards, blue sheep and ibex, whereas for wild prey (blue sheep and ibex combined) overall there was an % contraction. Although our surveys were conducted in areas within the presumed distribution range of the snow leopard, we found snow leopards were using only % of the area (, km). Blue sheep and ibex had distinct distribution ranges. Snow leopards and their wild prey were not restricted to protected areas, which encompassed only % of their distribution within the study area. Migratory livestock grazing was pervasive across ibex distribution range and was the most widespread and serious conservation threat. Depredation by free-ranging dogs, and illegal hunting and wildlife trade were the other severe threats. Our results underscore the importance of community-based, landscape- scale conservation approaches and caution against reliance on geophysical and opinion-based distribution maps that have been used to estimate national and global snow leopard ranges. |
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | SLN @ rakhee @ | Serial | 1463 | ||
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| Author | Hellstrom, M., Kruger, E., Naslund, J., Bisther, M., Edlund, A., Hernvall, P., Birgersson, V., Augusto, R., Lancaster, M. L. | ||||
| Title | Capturing environmental DNA in snow tracks of polar bear, Eurasian lynx and snow leopard towards individual identification | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2023 | Publication | Frontiers in Conservation Science | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 4 | Issue | 1250996 | Pages | 1-9 |
| Keywords | nuclear eDNA, snow, snow track, individual, polar bear (Ursus maritimus), Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx), snow leopard (Panthera uncia), sampling protocol | ||||
| Abstract | Polar bears (Ursus maritimus), Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) and snow leopards (Panthera uncia) are elusive large carnivores inhabiting snow-covered and remote areas. Their effective conservation and management are challenged by inadequate population information, necessitating development of novel data collection methods. Environmental DNA (eDNA) from snow tracks (footprints in snow) has identified species based on mitochondrial DNA, yet its utility for individual-based analyses remains unsolved due to challenges accessing the nuclear genome. We present a protocol for capturing nuclear eDNA from polar bear, Eurasian lynx and snow leopard snow tracks and verify it through genotyping at a selection of microsatellite markers. We successfully retrieved nuclear eDNA from 87.5% (21/24) of wild polar bear snow tracks, 59.1% (26/44) of wild Eurasian lynx snow tracks, and the single snow leopard sampled. We genotyped over half of all wild polar bear samples (54.2%, 13/24) at five loci, and 11% (9/44) of wild lynx samples and the snow leopard at three loci. Genotyping success from Eurasian lynx snow tracks increased to 24% when tracks were collected by trained rather than untrained personnel. Thirteen wild polar bear samples comprised 11 unique genotypes and two identical genotypes; likely representing 12 individual bears, one of which was sampled twice. Snow tracks show promise for use alongside other non-invasive and conventional methods as a reliable source of nuclear DNA for genetic mark-recapture of elusive and threatened mammals. The detailed protocol we present has utility for broadening end user groups and engaging Indigenous and local communities in species monitoring. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | SLN @ rakhee @ | Serial | 1738 | ||
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| Author | Tallian, A., Mattisson, J., Samelius, G., Odden, J., Mishra, C., Linnell, J. D. C., Lkhagvajav, P., Johansson, O. | ||||
| Title | Wild versus domestic prey: Variation in the kill-site behavior of two large felids | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2023 | Publication | Global Ecology and Conservation | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 47 | Issue | e026750 | Pages | 1-13 |
| Keywords | Eurasian lynx, Handling time, Landscape, Livestock, Predation, Snow leopard | ||||
| Abstract | Livestock depredation is an important source of conflict for many terrestrial large carnivore species. Understanding the foraging behavior of large carnivores on domestic prey is therefore important for both mitigating conflict and conserving threatened carnivore populations. Handling time is an important, albeit often overlooked, component of predatory behavior, as it directly influences access to food biomass, which can affect predator foraging efficiency and subsequent kill rates. We used long-term data on snow leopards (Panthera uncia) in Mongolia (Asia) and Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) in Norway (Europe) to examine how large carnivore foraging patterns varied between domestic and wild prey, and how the different landscape characteristics affected those patterns. Our results suggest handling time was generally shorter for domestic compared to wild prey. For snow leopards, rugged terrain was linked to increased handling time for larger prey. For lynx, handling time increased with terrain ruggedness for domestic, but not wild, prey, and was greater in closed compared to open habitats. There were also other differences in snow leopard and lynx foraging behavior, e.g., snow leopards also stayed longer at, and remained closer to, their kill sites than lynx. Shorter handling time suggests that felids may have utilized domestic prey less effectively than wild prey, i.e., they spent less time consuming their prey. This could a) result in an energetic or fitness cost related to decreased felid foraging efficiency caused by the risk of anthropogenic disturbance, or b) exacerbate conflict if reduced handling time associated with easy prey results in increased livestock depredation. |
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | SLN @ rakhee @ | Serial | 1737 | ||
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| Author | Kichloo, M. A., Sharma, K., Sharma, N. | ||||
| Title | Climate casualties or human disturbance? Shrinking distribution of the three large carnivores in the Greater Himalaya | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2023 | Publication | Springer – Climatic Change | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 176 | Issue | 118 | Pages | 1-17 |
| Keywords | Snow leopard · Common leopard · Asiatic black bear · Climate change · Multi- season occupancy analysis · Local ecological knowledge · Imperfect detection | ||||
| Abstract | Mammalian carnivores are key to our understanding of ecosystem dynamics, but most of them are threatened with extinction all over the world. Conservating large carnivores is often an arduous task considering the complex relationship between humans and carnivores, and the diverse range and reasons of threats they face. Climate change is exacerbating the situation further by interacting with most existing threats and amplifying their impacts. The Mountains of Central and South Asia are warming twice as rapidly as the rest of the northern hemisphere. There has been limited research on the effect of climate change and other variables on large carnivores. We studied the patterns in spatio-temporal distribution of three sympatric carnivores, common leopard, snow leopard, and Asiatic black bear in Kishtwar high altitude National Park, a protected area in the Great Himalayan region of Jammu and Kashmir. We investigated the effects of key habitat characteristics as well as human disturbance and climatic factors to understand the spatio-temporal change in their distributions between the early 1990s and around the year 2016–2017. We found a marked contraction in the distribution of the three carnivores between the two time periods. While snow leopard shifted upwards and further away from human settlements, common leopard and Asiatic black bear suffered higher rates of local extinctions at higher altitudes and shifted to lower areas with more vegetation, even if that brought them closer to settlements. We also found some evidence that snow leopards were less likely to have faced range contraction in areas with permanent glaciers. Our study underscores the importance of climate adaptive conservation practices for long-term management in the Greater Himalaya, including the monitoring of changes in habitat, and space-use patterns by human communities and wildlife. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | SLN @ rakhee @ | Serial | 1724 | ||
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