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Fox, J.L. |
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Title |
Conflict between predators and people in Ladakh |
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1997 |
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Cat News |
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17 |
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18 |
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Keywords |
asia; India; behavior; endangered; threatened-species; mammals; management; predation; public relations; reserves; refuges; parks; wildlife; human-relationships; livestock; sheep; goats; prey; International-Snow-Leopard-Trust; protected-area; Hemis; browse; Islt; International; snow; leopard; trust; public; Relations; Human; relationships; protected; 640 |
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During a six-week period in Hemis National Park, Ladakh, India, snow leopards killed 10 sheep and goats and one leopard gained access to a livestock pen and killed many of the animals inside. Dholes also killed sheep and goats, and a wolf killed a young horse. Residents routinely remove snow leopard cubs from their dens to limit future damage by this species. How to deal with the plight of the people living in the area while still protecting the endangered species are major concerns of the International Snow Leopard Trust, which manages Hemis National Park. lgh. |
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AUTHOR ADDRESS: Dep. Ecol./Zool., IBG Univ. Tromso, Tromso, Norway, ORIGINAL SOURCE: Snow Leopard News, Autumn 1997
Document Type: English
Call Number: WR99-007446 |
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SLN @ rana @ 309 |
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310 |
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Green, M.J.B. |
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Title |
Protected areas and snow leopards: their distribution and status |
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Journal Article |
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1987 |
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Tiger Paper |
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14 |
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4 |
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1-10 |
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Central Asia; conserve; conserving; distribution; endangered species; network; Panthera-uncia; panthera uncia; protected; protected-area; protected areas; snow leopard; status; protected area; protected-areas; areas; area; snow; snow leopards; snow-leopards; snow-leopard; leopards; leopard; International; symposium; India |
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Considerable efforts have been devoted to conserving the snow leopard Panthera uncia in recent years, but progress has inevitably been slow due to the difficulties of studying a sparsely distributed, secretive and endangered species in often isolated mountainous terrain. Although knowledge about the species overall distribution in the highlands of Central Asia still remains fragmenatry, it is important to briefly examine all the available information in order to review measures taken to date to conserve the species through the protected areas network. The purpose of this paper is to examine the distribution and status of protected areas inhabited or visited by snow leopard in relation to the species' distribution and highlight deficiences in the present network. |
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Presented at 5th International Snow Leopard Symposium held in Srinagar, India, from 13-15 October 1986. Also published in conference proceedings. |
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SLN @ rana @ 965 |
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347 |
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Author |
Guerrero, D. |
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Title |
Animal behavior concerns & solutions: snow leopard (Uncia uncia) evaluation, zoo |
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1998 |
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Anim.Keepers' Forum |
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25 |
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2 |
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56-58 |
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aggressive-behavior; behavior; captive-animal-care; diets; endangered; threatened-species; genetics; handling-methods; intraspecies-relationships; social-behavior; husbandry; zoos; snow leopard; aggressive; captive; Animal; care; threatened; species; handling; methods; intraspecies; relationships; social; browse; 1310 |
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The author offers advice on how a captive-raised snow leopard cub could be acclimated to humans so it could be used as a zoo “ambassador”. The cub had negative experiences with humans and lacked socialization with other animals and conspecifics. Methods of avoiding and redirecting the cub's aggressive behavior are suggested. lgh. |
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Ark Anim., Inc., P.O. Box 1154, Escondido, CA 92033-1154. e-mail: arkabc@arkanimals.com
Document Type: English |
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SLN @ rana @ 338 |
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358 |
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Author |
Pokrovskiy V.S. |
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Title |
Mammals |
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Miscellaneous |
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1969 |
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19-28 |
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Ussr; endangered species; snow leopard; distribution; number; use; protection.; 7930; Russian |
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The work presents a preliminary list of rare and endangered predatory and ungulate species. Snow leopard inhabits the mountain ridges of Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan, and sometimes is met in the Altai and Tuva. Despite its habitat has not changed since recently, number of snow leopard is decreasing. Snow leopard population is reducing because this species is believed to be dangerous, as its skin is of high and sustainable demand, and because of high prices zoos will readily pay to buy snow leopards. Shepherds, local hunters and geologists hunt snow leopard. |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Rare and endangered mammal and bird species in the USSR. |
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SLN @ rana @ 771 |
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779 |
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Kreuzberg-Mukhina, E.; Esipov, A.; Aromov, B.; Bykova, E.; Vashetko, E. |
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Title |
Snow Leopard and Its Protection in Uzbekistan |
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Conference Article |
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2002 |
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snow; leopard; extinction; endangered; threatened; Uzbekistan; protection; survival; conservation; uncia; 5020 |
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Islt |
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Title, Monographic: Proceedings of the Snow Leopard Survival SummitPlace of Meeting: Seattle,WA |
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SLN @ rana @ 488 |
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593 |
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Jamtsho, Y., Katel, O. |
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Title |
Livestock depredation by snow leopard and Tibetan wolf: Implications for herders� livelihoods in Wangchuck Centennial National Park, Bhutan |
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Journal Article |
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2019 |
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Springer Open |
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9:1 |
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1-10 |
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Wildlife-livestock conflicts, Endangered predators, Protected area, Income loss |
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Human-wildlife conflict (HWC) is a serious problem in many parts of the world, and Bhutan�s Wangchuck Centennial
National Park (WCNP) is no exception. Located in the remote alpine areas of the eastern Himalaya, wildlife species
such as snow leopard (SL) and Tibetan wolf (TW) are reported to kill livestock in many parts of the Park. Such
depredation is believed to have affected the livelihoods of high-altitude herding communities, resulting in conflicts
between them. This study provides analysis on the extent of livestock depredation by wildlife predators such as SL
and TW and examines its implications for the livelihoods of herding communities of Choekhortoe and Dhur regions
of WCNP. Using semi-structured questionnaires, all herders (n = 38) in the study area were interviewed. The questions
pertained to livestock population, frequency of depredation and income lost due to depredation in the last five years
from 2012 to 2016. This study recorded 2,815 livestock heads in the study area, with an average herd size of 74.1 stock.
The average herd size holding showed a decreasing trend over the years, and one of the reasons cited by the herders
is depredation by SL and TW and other predators. This loss equated to an average annual financial loss equivalent to
10.2% (US$837) of their total per capita cash income. Such losses have resulted in negative impacts on herders�
livelihood; e.g. six herders (2012-2016) even stopped rearing livestock and resorted to an alternate source of cash
income. The livestock intensification programmes, including pasture improvement through allowing controlled
burning, and financial compensation, may be some potential short-term solutions to reduce conflict between herders
and predators. Issuing permits for cordyceps (Ophiocordyceps sinensis) collection only to the herders and instilling the
sense of stewardship to highland herders may be one of the long-term solutions. |
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SLN @ rakhee @ |
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1479 |
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Author |
Sivolobov, R. |
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Title |
ENDANGERED SPECIES OF KORYAKIA AND CHUKOTKA: IRBIS, TIGER AND THE IRKUYEM-BEAR |
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Journal Article |
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2017 |
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225-233 |
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endangered species, Beringian snow cat, Snow leopard, Irbis, Amur tiger, Irkuyem-bear, camera-trap, Koryakia, Chukotka |
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After 30 years of searching for the mysterious Beringian snow cat in vast space of Koryakia and Chukotka
one of the five cameras recorded finally this beast at night in September 2014. This is not so much a
sensation as a real scientific discovery, saying that the hearts of the snow leopard population resettlement are
not in 5000 km from the main range boundaries, but much closer. Where? � will show further studies.
In addition to the snow leopard in the North-Eastern Asia, it found two more endangered large
mammal species: the Amur tiger and the relict of the Ice Age � the Irkuyem-bear. Author has given these
animals his life and his article devoted to this topic. |
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SLN @ rakhee @ |
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1456 |
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Forrest, J. L.,Wikramanayake, E., Shrestha, R., Areendran, G., Gyeltshen, K., Maheshwari, A., Mazumdar, S., Naidoo, R., Thapa, G. J., Thapa, K. |
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Conservation and climate change: Assessing the vulnerability of snow leopard habitat to treeline shift in the Himalaya |
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Journal Article |
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2012 |
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Biological Conservation |
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150 |
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129-135 |
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Snow leopard Climate adaptation Conservation planning Endangered species Climate change Himalaya |
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Climate change is likely to affect the persistence of large, space-requiring species through habitat shifts,
loss, and fragmentation. Anthropogenic land and resource use changes related to climate change can also
impact the survival of wildlife. Thus, climate change has to be integrated into biodiversity conservation
plans. We developed a hybrid approach to climate-adaptive conservation landscape planning for snow
leopards in the Himalayan Mountains. We first mapped current snow leopard habitat using a mechanistic
approach that incorporated field-based data, and then combined it with a climate impact model using a
correlative approach. For the latter, we used statistical methods to test hypotheses about climatic drivers
of treeline in the Himalaya and its potential response to climate change under three IPCC greenhouse gas
emissions scenarios. We then assessed how change in treeline might affect the distribution of snow leopard
habitat. Results indicate that about 30% of snow leopard habitat in the Himalaya may be lost due to a
shifting treeline and consequent shrinking of the alpine zone, mostly along the southern edge of the range
and in river valleys. But, a considerable amount of snow leopard habitat and linkages are likely to remain
resilient to climate change, and these should be secured. This is because, as the area of snow leopard habitat
fragments and shrinks, threats such as livestock grazing, retaliatory killing, and medicinal plant collection
can intensify. We propose this approach for landscape conservation planning for other species
with extensive spatial requirements that can also be umbrella species for overall biodiversity.
2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved |
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SLN @ rakhee @ |
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1385 |
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Author |
Zakirov A. |
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Title |
Rare and endangered predatory species in Uzbekistan |
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Miscellaneous |
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1982 |
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47-48 |
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Uzbekistan; carnivores; endangered species; snow leopard.; 8690; Russian |
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There are 20 predatory mammal species in Uzbekistan. Tien Shan brown bear, marbled polecat, lynx, and snow leopard are very rare species, while honey badger, manul and leopard are close to dying-away. |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Ecology of mountain mammals. |
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SLN @ rana @ 846 |
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1071 |
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Author |
Persianova L.A. |
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Title |
Snow leopard, or irbis Uncia uncia Scheber, 1775 |
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Miscellaneous |
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1983 |
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Vol. 1. |
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32-33 |
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Uzbekistan; Red Data book; endangered species; snow leopard; status of threat; distribution; habitats; number; life-history; threats; conservation measures.; 7880; Russian |
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Status of snow leopard in Uzbek Red Data Book is rare species with reducing population. It provides data concerning distribution, habitats, biology, threats, and existing and required snow leopard protection measures in Uzbekistan. This species is distributed in the Kurama, Chatkal, Pskem, Ugam, Turkistan, and Gissar ridges. Its population is about 10 animals. There are two snow leopards in the Tashkent zoo. This species is protected in Zaamin, Kizilsu, Miraka, and Chatkal nature reserves. |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Red Data Book of the Uzbek SSR. |
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SLN @ rana @ 766 |
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769 |
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Sapojnikov G.N. |
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Title |
Distribution and number of several endangered mammals and birds of Tajikistan |
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Miscellaneous |
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1984 |
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129-143 |
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Tajikistan; endangered species; snow leopard; number; use.; 8070; Russian |
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Many years' data connected with the distribution and number of endangered species of animals as dhole (Cuon alpinus Pall), striped hyena (Hyaena hyaena L.), snow leopard (Uncia uncia Shreb.) and birds of Tajikistan are given. Area of snow leopard includes the most of mountain ridges in this country. The total number is evaluated about 160-200 individuals. The record quantity of legal harvested skins of snow leopard is 64 in 1946. |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Natural resources and nature reserves of Tajikistan. |
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SLN @ rana @ 785 |
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844 |
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Zahler, P.; Graham, P. |
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Title |
War and wildlife: the Afghanistan conflict and its effects on the environment |
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Report |
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2001 |
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1-10 |
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war; wildlife; Afghanistan; conflict; effects; environment; International; international snow leopard trust; International-Snow-Leopard-Trust; snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard; trust; Islt; environmental; Organization; conservation; endangered; mountain; mountain ecosystem; mountain-ecosystem; ecosystem; approach; local; local people; people; Media; government; public; Report |
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The International Snow Leopard Trust (ISLT) is a nonprofit environmental organization dedicated to the conservation of the endangered snow leopard and its mountain ecosystem through a balanced approach that considers the needs of the local people and the environment. As such, we wish to stress that the ISLT does not have a position regarding the present conflict in Afghanistan. However, this organization believes that there are important repercussions regarding this conflict that have yet to be addressed in the media, within government circles, or among the public. This report documents some of these repercussions so that they may be included in the present dialog. |
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International Snow Leopard Trust |
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Seattle |
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ISLT special report. Peter Zahler from Wildlife Conservation Society & Peter Graham from ISLT. |
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SLN @ rana @ 975 |
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1067 |
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Author |
Sludskiy A.A. |
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Title |
Mammals |
Type |
Miscellaneous |
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Year |
1982 |
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55-79 |
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Ussr; extinct species; endangered species; Cats; tiger; leopard; snow leopard; caracal; Lynx; manul.; 8180; Russian |
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The author describes the lot of extinct and endangered mammal species inhabitants of various continents. Over the last 2,000 years, on the territory now occupied by the USSR, 11 species and sub-species of mammals died away and several dozens of species and sub-species are now endangered or rare and require special conservation measures. Big Felidae species include tiger (150 170 animals), leopard (38-48 animals, of which 20-25 permanently live in the Far East, the rest migrating), snow leopard, whose population reduced drastically (about 1,000 animals), caracal, Central Asia lynx, and manul. |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: To preserve for descendants. |
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no |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 796 |
Serial |
899 |
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Author |
Sokolov V.E. |
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Title |
Snow leopard genus |
Type |
Miscellaneous |
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Year |
1979 |
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238-240 |
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snow leopard; taxonomy; species range; habitats; reproduction; diet; Pregnancy; birth; cubs; lifetime; endangered species.; 8240; Russian |
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Genus Uncia has only one species snow leopard. Described is the length of body, length of tail, body weight, colour, skull, number of teeth, habitat, reproduction, and life expectancy. This species has no essential practical value and is included in the Red Data Book as an endangered species. |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Taxonomy of mammals. |
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no |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 802 |
Serial |
907 |
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Author |
Sosnovskiy I.P. |
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Title |
Snow leopard or irbis |
Type |
Miscellaneous |
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Year |
1987 |
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106-110 |
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Ussr; Red Data book; endangered species; snow leopard.; 8310; Russian |
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In a popular form, it tells about rare vertebrate animals included in the Red Data Book of the USSR, their biology, behavioral patterns, threats and measures being taken to protect them. Total number of snow leopard in the USSR is defined as 2,000 animals. 200 snow leopards live in zoos throughout the world. The animals successfully reproduce themselves in the Moscow, Kaunas, and Alma-Ata zoos. Snow leopard's maximum life expectancy in enclosures is 22 years. |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Rare and endangered animals: leafing through the Red Data Book of the USSR. |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 809 |
Serial |
917 |
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Author |
Strautman Ye.I.Bekenov A. |
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Title |
Rare and endangered vertebrate animas of Kazakhstan, and their protection |
Type |
Miscellaneous |
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Year |
1978 |
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33-34 |
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Kazakhstan; Red Data book; conservation measures; extinction risk; endangered species; snow leopard; protected areas.; 8330; Russian |
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In Kazakhstan, there are 158 mammal species, 485 bird species, 52 reptile and 12 amphibian species, and about 150 fish species, of which 31 mammal species, 43 bird species, eight reptile, one amphibian and four fish species need protection. Snow leopard is referred to endangered species. Six nature reserves and 43 preserves have been established to protect rare and endangered animal and plant species in Kazakhstan. |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Protection of flora and fauna in Uzbekistan. |
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no |
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SLN @ rana @ 811 |
Serial |
940 |
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Author |
Voronov A.G. |
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Title |
Predatory mammals |
Type |
Miscellaneous |
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Year |
1985 |
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233-235 |
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predators; mountains; endangered species; Red Data bok; snow leopard.; 8540; Russian |
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Predatory mammal in mountains are submitted by widely widespread species, such, as wolves, to a lynx and bears, and characteristic species for the high mountains, well adapted to mountain conditions and not going down below Alpine zone (a snow leopard, or irbis, occupying mountains of the Central Asia, etc.). |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Biogeography of the world. |
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no |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 831 |
Serial |
994 |
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Author |
Tursunov Kh. |
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Title |
The Ugam-Chatkal national park. The Chatkal state biosphere nature reserve |
Type |
Miscellaneous |
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2003 |
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7-10 |
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Uzbekistan; Ugam Chatkal national park; Chatkal nature reserve; flora; fauna; endangered species; snow leopard.; 8430; Russian |
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Established in 1990, the Ugam-Chatkal national park occupies an area of 668,350 ha and is the largest protected natural area in Uzbekistan. This area is famous for its rich species diversity. A number of rare and endangered plant and animal species, including among the others snow leopard, is found here. Being a core zone (strictly protected natural area), the Chatkal nature reserve is an integral part of the park. Snow leopard is periodically observed in the Tereksay river valley in the Maidantal area. |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Ecologic problems of the West Tien Shan. |
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no |
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SLN @ rana @ 820 |
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976 |
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Author |
Theile, S. |
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Title |
Fading Footprints: The Killing and Trade of Snow Leopards |
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Report |
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2003 |
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snow; leopard; poaching; trade; traffic; Cites; endangered; hunting; 5130 |
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Abstract |
Snow Leopards, in a genus of their own, are endangered big cats. They inhabit rugged,
mountainous terrain, in 12 range States – Afghanistan, Bhutan, China, India, Kazakhstan,
Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Nepal, Pakistan, the Russian Federation, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan.
There are regional differences in prey, but the cats' natural prey includes ungulates and rodents.
The global population of Snow Leopards is estimated to be between about 4000 and 7000, but
sharp declines in populations have been reported over the past decade from parts of the species's
range. High levels of hunting for the animals' skins and for live animals, for zoos, during the
last century contributed to the species's endangered status and, from the 1970s, legal measures
were taken for its protection. In 1975, the species was listed in Appendix I of CITES (the
Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Fauna and Flora) and in 1985 it
became an Appendix-I species of the Convention of Migratory Species. It has been accorded
nation-wide legal protection in almost every range State, in some cases since the 1970s. In spite
of such provision, Snow Leopards have been hunted during the 1990s in numbers as high as at
any time in the past and this killing continues in the present century. This report details the status of illegal poaching and trade in snow leopards in the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries. |
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Traffic International |
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Caimbridge, UK |
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no |
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SLN @ rana @ 499 |
Serial |
965 |
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Author |
Ochilov A.M. |
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Title |
Protected areas of Kashkadarya province |
Type |
Miscellaneous |
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Year |
1986 |
Publication |
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164-166 |
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Uzbekistan; Hissar nature reserve; mammals; endangered species; snow leopard.; 7780; Russian |
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Abstract |
The 30 mammals, 180 birds, 9 reptiles and 1 fish are presented in Hissar nature reserve, Uzbekistan. Snow leopard, Turkestan lynx, brown bear, otter, golden eagle and Himalayan griffon included in IUCN Red data Book. Number of ibex was declined. |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Geographical problems of protected areas development. |
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no |
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SLN @ rana @ 756 |
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735 |
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Author |
Bannikov A.G. |
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Title |
We must save them |
Type |
Miscellaneous |
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1982 |
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49-50 |
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Ussr; endangered species; Red Data book; snow leopard; biology; distribution; number; captive breeding; conservation.; 6160; Russian |
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It describes the USSR's fauna species included in the Red Data Book and gives an assessment of endangered species conservation practices throughout the world. It says about ways and perspectives of conservation and rehabilitation of rare animals in the USSR. It provides brief information concerning snow leopard's biology, distribution, number, opportunities for captive breeding, and international conservation activities aimed to protect this species. |
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Full text available in Russian |
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no |
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SLN @ rana @ 594 |
Serial |
113 |
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Author |
Barpiev I.M. |
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Title |
Peculiarities of biodiversity in the Besh-Aral nature reserve |
Type |
Miscellaneous |
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2002 |
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25-26 |
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Kyrgyzstan; Besh Aral nature reserve; Animals; endangered species; snow leopard.; 6170; Russian |
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Abstract |
224 animal species, including two relict and 20 endemic, are registered in the Besh Aral nature reserve (Kyrgyzstan). This nature reserve is inhabited by rare and endangered animal and bird species (e.g. Menzbier's marmot, snow leopard, Tien Shan brown bear, manul, Turkistan lynx, saker falcon, bearded vulture, golden eagle, Himalayan griffon, and others) included in the Red Data Books of Kyrgyzstan, former USSR, and Led List of IUCN. |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Biological diversity of the West Tien Shan. |
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no |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 595 |
Serial |
120 |
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Author |
Bekenov A.B. |
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Title |
Fauna of mammals in the State National Nature Park “Altyn-Emel” |
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Miscellaneous |
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2002 |
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83-87 |
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Kazakhstan; Altyn-Emel national park; mammals; endangered mammals; snow leopard.; 6230; Russian |
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Over 80 mammal species, nine of which are included in the Red Data Book (stone marten, marbled polecat, otter, manul, snow leopard, dziggetai, argali, bear), inhabit the State National Nature Park “Altyn-Emel”. |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Zoological studies in Kazakhstan. |
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no |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 601 |
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128 |
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Author |
Berezovikov N.N. |
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Title |
Rare and endangered birds and animals of South Altai |
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Miscellaneous |
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1982 |
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27-30 |
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Kazakhstan; South Altai; endangered species; snow leopard; poaching.; 6240; Russian |
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This article describes distribution of snow leopard (Uncia uncia), argali (Ovis ammon), dhole (Cyon alpinus), and manul (Felis manul) in South Altai. Nine encounters with snow leopard and its traces were registered in 1966 1980, including two facts of catching and one of shooting the animal. |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Fauna of Kazakhstan and its conservation problems. |
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no |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 602 |
Serial |
131 |
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Author |
Dementiev G.P. |
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Title |
Mammals |
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Miscellaneous |
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Year |
1969 |
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19-27 |
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Ussr; endangered species; snow leopard; distribution; fluctuation; threats.; 6490; Russian |
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It provides a list and discusses a status of rare and endangered predators and ungulates in the USSR (24 species in total). Snow leopard inhabits the mountain ridges of Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan, in the Altai and Tuva. The habitat of snow leopard had not changed significantly since recently, though its population had been reducing (according to materials of the year 1967). Such reduction of its population is because of the common assumption of its harmfulness and high demand for its fur-skin and high prices that zoos would readily pay for the animals. |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Rare and endangered mammal and bird species in the USSR. |
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no |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 627 |
Serial |
234 |
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