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Author Snow Leopard Conservation Fund, Snow Leopard Trust, Panthera
Title Mining and Snow Leopard Conservation: Tost- Tosonbumba Mountains of Gurvantes Soum, South Gobi Mongolia Type Report
Year 2010 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 1-18
Keywords
Abstract The Tost-Tosonbumba Mountains of South Gobi represent one of the most impressive habitats for the endangered snow leopard Panthera Uncia, supporting amongst the highest population density of this rare cat reported so far from across it's global range. A prestigious multi-institutional internal research collaboration was initiated in Tost-Tosonbumba in 2008 with the establishment of a sate of the art research station. Yet, lying outside any protected area, this important snow leopard population and its habitat face direct and urgent threats due to mining. Initiation of mining in the region would (i) severely impact an important snow leopard population and destroy much of its habitat, (ii) compromise the possibility of genetic exchange of snow leopards over a much larger landscape (iii) lay to waste ten years of effort with local communities that have involved improving livelihoods and seeking their co-operation in snow leopard conservation and (iv) squander the opportunity for Mongolia to continue a prestigious one of a kind, long-term international collaborative program on snow leopard research. It is critical that mining licenses in snow leopard habitats of the region be immediately revoked, and the local communities be supported in their efforts to develop the Tost-Tosonbumba Mountains into a local protected area.
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Call Number (up) SLN @ rakhee @ Serial 1381
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Author Johansson, Torbjorn, A. Johansson, Orjan. McCarthy, Tom
Title An Automatic VHF Transmitter Monitoring System for Wildlife Research Type Journal Article
Year 2011 Publication Wildlife Society Bulletin Abbreviated Journal
Volume 35 Issue (4) Pages 489-493
Keywords
Abstract We describe an automated system for Monitoring multiple very high frequency (VHF) transmitters, which are commonly employed in wildlife studies. The system consists of a microprocessor-controlled radio-frequency monitor equipped with advanced signal-processing capabilities that communicates with, and release snow leopard (Panthera uncia) study in Mongolia, where checking trap-site transmitters manually entailed climbing a hill with telemetry equipment several times each day and night. Here, it monitors the trap site transmitters and actively produces an alarm when any of the traps have been triggered, or if the system has lost contact with any trap-transmitter. The automated system allowed us to constantly monitor transmitters from a research camp, and alerted us each time a trap was triggered. The sys ten has been field-tested for 83 days from mid-September 2010 to mid- December 2010 in the Tost mountain range on the edge of Mongolia's Gobi desert. During this time, the system performed reliably, responding correctly to 45 manually generated alarms and 9 animal captures. The system considerably sorters the time the captured animals spend in traps, and also mitigates the need for manual trap-site transmitter monitoring, greatly reducing risk to the animal and the human effort involved.
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Call Number (up) SLN @ rakhee @ Serial 1382
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Author Shah, K.B., Baral, H.S.
Title Nepalma Hiun Chituwako Sankanshan Type Book Whole
Year 2012 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 138
Keywords
Abstract The Snow Leopard is protected by the National Parks and Wildlife Conservation Act 1973 in Nepal. Some grassroots' conservation measures have been initiated in the Protected Areas (PAs), including the Annapurna Conservation Area (ACA). Although, some initiatives have been formulated by WWF-Nepal and ACA project, major threats to the species still exist throughout its known range in the country. In this regard, the book a Nepali book titled 'Nepalma Hiunchituwako Sanrakshan'[Conservation of the Snow Leopard in Nepal]with a firm belief that the threats to snow leopard and its habitats could be minimized with the light of education and conservation awareness to all stakeholders including the local villagers. The book contributes in the overall conservation of the species by creating conservation awareness, enhancing their knowledge on Snow Leopard, its prey species and its importance to the mountain ecosystem. In addition, it is hoped to help in strengthening economic well being of local people by linking the conservation of the species to eco-tourism. A total of 1000 copies were published and are in the process of free of charge distribution in all the Snow Leopard range within the country.
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Language Hindi Summary Language Original Title
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Notes Hindi Approved no
Call Number (up) SLN @ rakhee @ Serial 1383
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Author Paltsyn, M., Spitsyn, S.V., Kuksin, A. N., Istomov, S.V.
Title Snow Leopard Conservation in Russia Type Report
Year 2012 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 101
Keywords
Abstract This publication reviews potential actions for the long-term conservation of

snow leopards and their habitat in Russia in conditions of anthropogenic influence

and climate change in high elevation ecosystems. This edition is the result

of many years of research conducted in the framework of WWF’s “Ensuring the

long term protection of biodiversity in the Altai-Sayan Ecoregion” (1998-2011)

and the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) financed by the Global

Environment Facility “Conservation of Biodiversity in the Russian portion Altai-

Sayan Ecoregion” (2005-2010).

The publication contains materials needed to prepare a Russian Snow Leopard

Conservation Strategy and was prepared for use by the Russian Ministry

of Natural Resources to develop comprehensive priority conservation measures

to protect this species. In addition, this publication is intended for protected

area specialists and staff at federal and regional government agencies

responsible for the conservation and monitoring of species listed in the

Russian Federation Red Book.

Reviewer: B. Munkhtsog, Candidate in Biological Sciences, staff scientist at

the Institute for Biology, Mongolian Academy of Sciences, and president of the

Mongolian Snow Leopard Center.

Translation to English: J. Castner.
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Call Number (up) SLN @ rakhee @ Serial 1384
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Author Forrest, J. L.,Wikramanayake, E., Shrestha, R., Areendran, G., Gyeltshen, K., Maheshwari, A., Mazumdar, S., Naidoo, R., Thapa, G. J., Thapa, K.
Title Conservation and climate change: Assessing the vulnerability of snow leopard habitat to treeline shift in the Himalaya Type Journal Article
Year 2012 Publication Biological Conservation Abbreviated Journal
Volume 150 Issue Pages 129-135
Keywords Snow leopard Climate adaptation Conservation planning Endangered species Climate change Himalaya
Abstract Climate change is likely to affect the persistence of large, space-requiring species through habitat shifts,

loss, and fragmentation. Anthropogenic land and resource use changes related to climate change can also

impact the survival of wildlife. Thus, climate change has to be integrated into biodiversity conservation

plans. We developed a hybrid approach to climate-adaptive conservation landscape planning for snow

leopards in the Himalayan Mountains. We first mapped current snow leopard habitat using a mechanistic

approach that incorporated field-based data, and then combined it with a climate impact model using a

correlative approach. For the latter, we used statistical methods to test hypotheses about climatic drivers

of treeline in the Himalaya and its potential response to climate change under three IPCC greenhouse gas

emissions scenarios. We then assessed how change in treeline might affect the distribution of snow leopard

habitat. Results indicate that about 30% of snow leopard habitat in the Himalaya may be lost due to a

shifting treeline and consequent shrinking of the alpine zone, mostly along the southern edge of the range

and in river valleys. But, a considerable amount of snow leopard habitat and linkages are likely to remain

resilient to climate change, and these should be secured. This is because, as the area of snow leopard habitat

fragments and shrinks, threats such as livestock grazing, retaliatory killing, and medicinal plant collection

can intensify. We propose this approach for landscape conservation planning for other species

with extensive spatial requirements that can also be umbrella species for overall biodiversity.

 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved
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Call Number (up) SLN @ rakhee @ Serial 1385
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Author Wegge, P., Shrestha, R., Flagstad, O.
Title Snow leopard Panthera uncia predation on livestock and wild prey in a mountain valley in northern Nepal: implications for conservation management Type Journal Article
Year 2012 Publication Wildlife Biology Abbreviated Journal
Volume 18 Issue 10.2981/11-049 Pages 131-141
Keywords bharal, blue sheep, diet, genetic sampling, naur, Panthera uncia, predation, Pseudois nayaur, scat analysis, snow leopard, wildlife conflict
Abstract The globally endangered snow leopard Panthera uncia is sparsely distributed throughout the rugged mountains in Asia.

Its habit of preying on livestock poses a main challenge to management. In the remote Phu valley in northern Nepal, we

obtained reliable information on livestock losses and estimated predator abundance and diet composition from DNA

analysis and prey remains in scats. The annual diet consisted of 42%livestock. Among the wild prey, bharal (blue sheep/

naur) Pseudois nayaur was by far the most common species (92%). Two independent abundance estimates suggested that

there were six snow leopards in the valley during the course of our study. On average, each snow leopard killed about one

livestock individual and two bharal permonth. Predation loss of livestock estimated fromprey remains in scats was 3.9%,

which was in concordance with village records (4.0%). From a total count of bharal, the only large natural prey in the area

and occurring at a density of 8.4 animals/km2 or about half the density of livestock, snow leopards were estimated to

harvest 15.1% of the population annually. This predation rate approaches the natural, inherent recruitment rate of this

species; in Phu the proportion of kids was estimated at 18.4%. High livestock losses have created a hostile attitude against

the snow leopard and mitigation measures are needed. Among innovative management schemes now being implemented

throughout the species’ range, compensation and insurance programmes coupled with other incentive measures are

encouraged, rather than measures to reduce the snow leopard’s access to livestock. In areas like the Phu valley, where the

natural prey base consists mainly of one ungulate species that is already heavily preyed upon, the latter approach, if

implemented, will lead to increased predation on this prey, which over time may suppress numbers of both prey and

predator.
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Call Number (up) SLN @ rakhee @ Serial 1386
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Author Rosen, T. Hussain, S. Mohammad, G. Jackson, R. Janecka, J, E. Michel, S.
Title Reconciling Sustainable Development of Mountain Communities With Large Carnivore Conservation Type Journal Article
Year 2012 Publication Mountain Research and Development Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue 32(3) Pages 286-293
Keywords Carnivores; conflict; conservation; incentives; livestock; insurance scheme; community empowerment; Pakistan
Abstract While the world is becoming increasingly interconnected and interdependent, physically and culturally, the wildlife of remote mountain regions is being affected both positively and negatively by such interconnectedness. In the case of snow leopards, the conservation impact has been largely, and rather unexpectedly, positive: Species-focused conservation projects, such as Project Snow Leopard (PSL) in

Gilgit-Baltistan, remain mainly externally driven initiatives. PSL, initiated as a small pilot project in 1998, has relied on an approach that includes the use of an insurance scheme, the deployment of mitigation measures, and the empowerment of local governance. This approach has been successful in

reducing the conflict with snow leopards and has built greater tolerance toward them. PSL is managed by local communities and cofinanced by them. PSL communities throughout the region are bearing the burden of carnivore conservation, and they are unwittingly subsidizing their populations by ‘‘feeding’’

them their livestock even though they are an economic threat to them. In this article, we argue that external intervention in the form of efforts that help alleviate the consequences of conflict through local empowerment have had a positive impact on the local mountain societies. We also show that such interventions have resulted in tangible conservation results, with the number of snow leopards staying at least stable. Our experience also shows that while the incentive component is critical, it is also part of a larger approach—one that includes developing and supporting local governance structures, improving access to education, and offering a range of tools to reduce the conflict that can be implemented

locally. Finally, we suggest that investing in this approach— one that recognizes the species and local-context complexities surrounding the implementation of conservation incentives—can continue to inform international practices and guidelines for reducing human–wildlife conflicts worldwide.
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Call Number (up) SLN @ rakhee @ Serial 1387
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Author Chalise, M.K.
Title Snow Leopard (Uncia uncia), Prey Species and Outreach in Langtang National, Park, Nepal Type Journal Article
Year 2011 Publication Our Nature Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue 9 Pages 138-145
Keywords Snow leopard, Langtang, prey species, threats, outreach.
Abstract Presence of snow leopard (Uncia uncia) in Langtang National Park was obscure till 2003. It was confirmed by a

research team trained for the wildlife biology in the field. Along with the study of ecology and behavior of snow leopard sufficient effort were made to generate data on pre species. The study also dealt with threat perceived for the leopard survival while basic unit of conservation- local outreach programs were also initiated.
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Call Number (up) SLN @ rakhee @ Serial 1388
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Author Li, J. Schaller, G, B. McCarthy, T. M. Wang, D. Jiagong, Z. Cai, P. Basang, L. Lu, Z
Title A Communal Sign Post of Snow Leopards (Panthera uncial) and Other Species on the Tibetan Plateau China Type Journal Article
Year 2012 Publication International Journal of Biodiversity Abbreviated Journal
Volume 2013 Issue Pages 1:8
Keywords snow leopard, Tibetan Plateau, sign post, conservation
Abstract The snow leopard is a keystone species in mountain ecosystems of Central Asia and the Tibetan Plateau, However, little is known about the interactions between snow leopards and sympatric carnivores. Using infrared cameras, we found a rocky junction of two valleys in Sanjiangyuan area on the Tibetan Plateau where many mammals in this area passed and frequently marked and sniffed the site at the junction. We suggest that this site serves as a sign post to many species in this area, especially snow leopards and other carnivores. The marked signs may also alert the animals passing by to temporally segregate their activities to avoid potential conflicts. We used the Schoener index to measure the degree of temporal segregation among the species captured by infrared camera traps at this site. Our research reveals the probable ways of both intra- and interspecies competition. This is an important message to help understand the structure of animal communities. Discovery of the sign post clarifies the importance of identifying key habitas ad sites of both snow leopards and other species for more effective conservation.
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Call Number (up) SLN @ rakhee @ Serial 1389
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Author MaMing, R . Feng, Xu. Yun, Cheng et al.
Title Snow Leopards in Xinjiang Type Book Whole
Year 2013 Publication Science Press Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 1-588
Keywords Snow Leopards, China
Abstract The snow leopard Uncia uncia is a globally endangered species, occurring in China and 11

neighboring countries, with a total population of 3500-7000 individuals. China is very important

for Snow Leopards, as it contains both the more than half of the distribution area and the largest

remaining population. However, like other big cats, the density is very low, perhaps less than 1

individual per 100 square kilometers in the western mountains of China. This book first reviewed

ten years of research by Xinjiang Snow Leopard Team (XSLT), and it contains over 300 figures

including maps, illustrations, pictures and photos, 46 tables as well as more than a thousand

references and 1100 key words in the index.

In the past ten years, XSLT has received much support and funding from the Snow Leopard

Trust (SLT) and the Xinjiang Conservation Fund (XCF). In this regard, the Chinese government

has not yet given one cent to support the Xinjiang Snow Leopard Project. Our situation is very

difficult indeed, and it is hoped that this book will inspire future government support.

There are many topics discussed in this work including a decade of successes or failures with

the Snow Leopard Survival Strategy (SLSS from 2002 to 2012). The authors also present findings

from every International Snow Leopard Conference (1978-2008), the stories of 14 experts, the big

events of conservation and research (1776-2012), and many questions for future research in the

appendix. This is the first work about snow leopards in China. It is a popular scientific book that

covers snow leopard monitoring, research, conservation and management, and it could also be

very helpful to nature reserve staff and scientists as well as students, teachers, outdoor explorers,

volunteers and cat lovers.

The book contains the following: preface, table of contents (in English), and chapters on the

ancient records of snow leopards; their place in the family of big cats; research methods and field

logs for snow leopards; their population size and distribution in China; biological knowledge,

conservation and management of snow leopards; their presence in zoos; Nature Reserves in

Xinjiang, the experiences of snow leopard conservation in other countries; appendix; index; and

afterword (ISBN 978-7-03-036723-5, the book was published in March 2013 with total of 616

pages and approximately 0.77 million Chinese words, price: RMB 145.00 Yuan).
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Call Number (up) SLN @ rakhee @ Serial 1390
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