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Allen, P. (2002). Conservation Increases Crafts Income (Vol. Winter, 2002).
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Anonymous. (1994). Resolutions Conservation of Snow Leopard, Seventh International Snow Leopard Symposium. In J.L.Fox, & D.Jizeng (Eds.), (pp. 329–331). Usa: Islt.
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Bangjie, T., & Bingxing, Q. (1994). The Status and Problems of Snow Leopards in Captivity in China. In J.L.Fox, & D.Jizeng (Eds.), (pp. 149–156). Usa: Islt.
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Bangjie, T., & Yanfa, L. (1988). The Status of Captive Snow Leopards in China. In H.Freeman (Ed.), (pp. 151–166). India: International Snow Leopard Trust and Wildlife Institute of India.
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Blomqvist, L. (1984). Conservation Measurements taken for the Captive Snow Leopard, Panthera uncia, Population and a Report of Fluctuations in Stock in 1983. Int.Ped Book of Snow Leopards, 4, 55–71.
Abstract: Reports on conservation measures over the past 10 years. Notes current snow leopard exchange programs between zoos in the US and USSR and Europe. Describes status and reproductive success of the captive snow leopard population, list animals currently in captivity.
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Blomqvist, L. (1988). The Development of the Captive Snow Leopard Population between 1984-1985. In H.Freeman (Ed.), (pp. 181–189). India: International Snow Leopard Trust and Wildlife Institute of India.
Abstract: In 1984, 73 (31/41/1) cubs were born of which 47 (24/23) survived for six months or longer. This gives us a cub mortality of 35.6%. A total of 38 (11/26/1) snow leopards died in captivity in 1984. Five (2/3) specimens were wild caught at the same time in the USSR and then located in the zoos of ALma-Ata, Moscow and Novosibirsk. At the End of 1984, the captive stock consisted of 332 (168/164) snow leopards, an increase of forty animals from the previous year.
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Blomqvist, L. (1989). Captive Snow Leopard Report for 1989. International Zoo News, 265, 5–14.
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Brown, J. L., Wasser, S. K., Wildt, D. E., & Graham, L. H. (1994). Steroid Metabolism and the Effectiveness of Fecal Assays for Assessing Reproductive Status in Felids. Biology of Reproduction, 50(suppl 1), 185.
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Cecil, R. (1988). Educational Programming For Snow Leopard Conservation. In H.Freeman (Ed.), (pp. 247–248). India: International Snow Leopard Trust and Wildlife Institute of India.
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Clyde, V. L., Ramsay, E. C., & Bemis, D. A. (1997). Fecal shedding of Salmonella in exotic felids. J.Zoo Wildl.Med, 28(2), 148–152.
Abstract: The authors discuss the occurrence of salmonellosis in collections of exotic felids. Data suggest that zoo employees having contact with cat feces or raw diets have a high rate of occupational exposure to Salmonella and should exercise appropriate hygienic precautions. pcp
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Desch, C. (1993). A new species of hair follicle mite (Acari: Demodecidae) from the snow leopard, Panthera uncia (Schreber, 1775) (Felidae). International Journal of Acarology, 19(1), 63–67.
Abstract: A new species of Demodex is described, in all instars, from the rare and endangered snow leopard, Panthera uncia. This represents only the second demodecid from the family Felidae and the first from a wild cat species. The mite specimens were taken from juvenile hosts raised in captivity. Demodex uncii sp. nov. closely resembles Demodex cati.
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Doherty, J. (1987). The exibition and management of snow leopards in the Himalayan highlands exhibit in the Bronx Zoo. (pp. 94–101).
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Doherty, J., & Wharton, D. (1988). Breeding Management of the Snow Leopard at the New York Zoological Park. In H.Freeman (Ed.), (pp. 173–179). India: International Snow Leopard Trust and Wildlife Institute of India.
Abstract: Since 1996, the Bronx Zoo has produced 48 snow leopard cubs. Some of the cubs born in the last several years are the great-great grandchildren of the Bronx male Sherpa born in 1966. These five generations have all been bred and reared in the Zoological Park's Lion House which opened in 1903......Instead we will focus primarily on mangement and manipulation for cub production.
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Freeman, H. (1978). Social Behavior in the Snow Leopards and its implications for captive management. Int.Ped.Book of Snow Leopards, 1, 71–77.
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Freeman, H. (1980). Snow leopard: a cooperative study between zoos. In L. Blomqvist (Ed.), International Pedigree Book of Snow Leopards (Vol. 2, pp. 127–136). Helsinki: Helsinki Zoo.
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Freeman, H. (1983). Behavior in adult pairs of captive snow leopards (Panthera uncia). Zoo Biology, 2(1), 1–22.
Abstract: Eight adult pairs of snow leopards (Panthera uncia) were observed for one to three years in the months December through March to determine the species' social and reproductive characteristics in captivity. To statistically examine the occurrence of behaviors as a function of estrus, the observation weeks were divided into three time blocks: before estrus, estrus, and after estrus. Using percentage of scan samples as an estimate of time spent in various behaviors, 16 behaviors and combined behavior categories were examined for (1) behaviors that differentiated successfully from unsuccessfully breeding pairs, (2) sex differences in behavior, (3) significant correlations between pair members, and (4) behaviors that showed time block effects. The rationale for identifying a behavioral profile of successful breeders in snow leopards was to aid zoos in their captive management programs by increasing their knowledge of the social behavior of this species. By finding correlates to breeding success, informed decisions on whether to change partners after a certain period of time, how to group the cats, and the optimum strategy for a survival plan can be made. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2000 APA, all rights reserved
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Freeman, H., & Hutchins, M. (1978). Captive Management of Snow Leopard Cubs. Der Zoologischer Garten, 48, 49–62.
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Frueh, R. (1968). A note on breeding snow leopards at the Saint Louis Zoo. Int.Zoo Yearbook, 8, 74–76.
Abstract: Breif comments on physical characteristics of the young, care and reproductive behavior of snow leopards
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Guerrero, D. (1998). Animal behavior concerns & solutions: snow leopard (Uncia uncia) evaluation, zoo. Anim.Keepers' Forum, 25(2), 56–58.
Abstract: The author offers advice on how a captive-raised snow leopard cub could be acclimated to humans so it could be used as a zoo “ambassador”. The cub had negative experiences with humans and lacked socialization with other animals and conspecifics. Methods of avoiding and redirecting the cub's aggressive behavior are suggested. lgh.
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Hongguang, H. (1994). Case report of a subadult snow leopard with serious acute shock pneumonia. In J.L.Fox, & D.Jizeng (Eds.), (pp. 217–219). Usa: Islt.
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Hongguang, H., & Yongfu, X. (1994). Captive snow leopards in the Chongqing Zoo. In J.L.Fox, & D.Jizeng (Eds.), (pp. 191–193). Usa: Islt.
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International Snow Leopard Trust. (1999). Snow Leopard News Spring 1999. Seattle, WA: Islt.
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Isenbugel, E., & Weilenmann, P. (1985). Colobomes of the Eyelid in an Ounce T (UNCIA-UNCIA, SCHREBER 1775) from the Zurich-Zoological-Garden. Praktische Tierarzt, 66(1), 61–62.
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Isenbugel, E., Weilenmann, P., & Rubel, A. (1994). Breeding of snow leopards in the zoo of Zurich: veterinary aspects. In J.L.Fox, & and D.Jizeng (Eds.), (pp. 201–202). Usa: Islt.
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Izold, J. (2008). Snow Leopard Enterprise: a conservation project that saves an endangered species and supports needy families. Anim.Keepers' Forum, 9(5), 359–364.
Abstract: The World Conservation Union listed the snow leopard (Uncia uncia) as endangered in 1974. With as few as 3,500 snow leopards left in the wild, scientists placed the snow leopard on the IUCN Red List of critically endangered species shared by animals such as the giant panda and tiger. In an effort to save the snow leopard from extinction, former zoo employee Helen Freeman founded the Snow Leopard Trust in 1981. The Snow Leopard Trust works to save this elusive cat by incorporating community-based conservation projects. One of these project Leopard Enterprise (SLE), impacts poverty stricken communities in Mongolia, Kyrgyz Republic, and Pakistan. It assists over 300 families in its conservation efforts. The economic incentives provided via SLE have led participating communities not to harm the snow leopard or its prey, and to practice sustainable herding. Since the project began in 1997, the number of snow leopards harmed around the communities' territories has dropped to near zero. Additionally, the annual income of families that utilize the benefits of SLE has increased by 25% to 40%. SLE creates this economic benefit by providing the training and equipment necessary to make desirable products from the wool of herd animals. Snow Leopard Trust then purchases these handicraft items from the local people and them globally. Zoos can expand their conservation efforts by simply offering these items in their gift shops. Woodland Park Zoo (WPZ) was the first zoological institution to sell the products, and WPZ continues to generate revenue from them. SLE is a golden opportunity for zoos to increase revenue, assist poor families, and save an endangered species and fragile ecosystem.
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