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Author | Taubmann, J., Sharma, K., Uulu, K Z., Hines, J. E., Mishra, C. | ||||
Title | Status assessment of the Endangered snow leopard Panthera uncia and other large mammals in the Kyrgyz Alay, using community knowledge corrected for imperfect detection | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2015 | Publication | Fauna & Flora International | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | Issue | Pages | 1-11 | ||
Keywords | Capra sibirica, local knowledge, Lynx lynx, occupancy modelling, Ovis ammon polii, Panthera uncia, Ursus arctos | ||||
Abstract | The Endangered snow leopard Panthera uncia occurs in the Central Asian Mountains, which cover c.  million km. Little is known about its status in the Kyrgyz Alay Mountains, a relatively narrow stretch of habitat connecting the southern and northern global ranges of the species. In  we gathered information on current and past (, the last year of the Soviet Union) distributions of snow leopards and five sympatric large mammals across , km of the Kyrgyz Alay.We interviewed  key informants from local communities. Across  -km grid cells we obtained , and  records of species occurrence (site use) in  and , respectively. The data were analysed using themulti-season site occupancy framework to incorporate uncertainty in detection across interviewees and time periods. High probability of use by snow leopards in the past was recorded in .% of the Kyrgyz Alay. Between the two sampling periods % of sites showed a high probability of local extinction of snow leopard. We also recorded high probability of local extinction of brown bear Ursus arctos (% of sites) and Marco Polo sheep Ovis ammon polii (% of sites), mainly in regions used intensively by people. Data indicated a high probability of local colonization by lynx Lynx lynx in % of the sites. Although wildlife has declined in areas of central and eastern Alay, regions in the north-west, and the northern and southern fringes appear to retain high conservation value. |
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Call Number | SLN @ rakhee @ | Serial | 1432 | ||
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Author | Alexander, J. S., Shi, K., Tallents, L. A., Riordan, P. | ||||
Title | On the high trail: examining determinants of site use by the Endangered snow leopard Panthera uncia in Qilianshan, China | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2015 | Publication | Oryx | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | Issue | Fauna & Flora International | Pages | 1-8 | |
Keywords | Camera Trap, China, Detection Probability, Occupancy Modelling, Panthera Uncia, Site use, Snow Leopard | ||||
Abstract | Abstract There is a need for simple and robust techniques for assessment and monitoring of populations of the Endangered snow leopard Panthera uncia to inform the de- velopment of action plans for snow leopard conservation. We explored the use of occupancy modelling to evaluate the influence of environmental and anthropogenic features on snow leopard site-use patterns. We conducted a camera trap survey across  km in Gansu Province, China, and used data from  camera traps to estimate probabilities of site use and detection using the single season occupancy model. We assessed the influence of three covariates on site use by snow leopards: elevation, the presence of blue sheep Pseudois nayaur and the presence of human disturb- ance (distance to roads). We recorded  captures of snow leopards over , trap-days, representing a mean capture success of . captures per  trap-days. Elevation had the strongest influence on site use, with the probability of site use increasing with altitude, whereas the influence of presence of prey and distance to roads was relatively weak. Our findings indicate the need for practical and robust tech- niques to appraise determinants of site use by snow leo- pards, especially in the context of the limited resources available for such work. | ||||
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Call Number | SLN @ rakhee @ | Serial | 1433 | ||
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Author | Alexander, J. S., Cusack, J. J., Pengju, C, Kun, S., Riordan, P. | ||||
Title | Conservation of snow leopards: spill-over benefits for other carnivores? | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2015 | Publication | Oryx | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | Issue | Fauna & Flora International | Pages | 1-5 | |
Keywords | China, conservation, Eurasian lynx, grey wolf, red fox, snow leopard | ||||
Abstract | In high-altitude settings of Central Asia the Endangered snow leopard Panthera uncia has been recognized as a potential umbrella species. As a first step in assessing the potential benefits of snow leopard conservation for other carnivores, we sought a better understanding of the presence of other carnivores in areas occupied by snow leopards in China’s Qilianshan National Nature Reserve. We used camera-trap and sign surveys to examine whether other carnivores were using the same travel routes as snow leopards at two spatial scales. We also considered temporal interactions between species. Our results confirm that other carnivores, including the red fox Vulpes vulpes, grey wolf Canis lupus, Eurasian lynx Lynx lynx and dhole Cuon alpinus, occur along snow leopard travel routes, albeit with low detection rates. Even at the smaller scale of our camera trap survey all five carnivores (snow leopard, lynx, wolf, red fox and dhole) were observed. Kernel density estimates suggested a high degree of temporal overlap between the snow leopard and the fox, and the snow leopard and the lynx, as indicated by high overlap coefficient estimates. There is an opportunity to consider protective measures at the local scale that would benefit various species simultaneously. However, it should also be recognized that snow leopard conservation efforts could exacerbate human–wildlife conflicts through their protective effect on other carnivore species. |
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Call Number | SLN @ rakhee @ | Serial | 1434 | ||
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Author | Wu, D., Maming, R., Xu, G., Zhu X., Buzzard, P. | ||||
Title | Relationship between ibex and snow leopard about food chain and population density in Tian Shan | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2015 | Publication | Selevinia | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | Issue | Pages | 186-190 | ||
Keywords | diet, ibex, snow leopard | ||||
Abstract | Many studies have demonstrated that ibex (Capra sibirica) are the most frequently eaten prey of snow leopards (Panthera uncia) in Xinjiang, the west of China. Thus, an understanding of interactions between these species may have significant management and conservation of implications for both. In this study, we provide information on ibex grouping and density over a 24 month period in the Tian Shan of Xinjiang, China. We then use ibex density to estimate the density of snow leopards. We observed ibex primarily in ewe-lamb groups (N=880), but ibex sexual segregation and grouping changed seasonally with more mixed-sex groups during the winter rut. We observed the most ibex in April 2014 and 2015 with an average of (2422 ± 119 ibex). Over the 1643 km2 study area we then estimated an ibex density of 154 ± 23 ibex /100 km2 from which we estimated a density of 1.31~2.58 snow leopards/100 km2. |
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Call Number | SLN @ rakhee @ | Serial | 1439 | ||
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Author | Maheshwari, A., Midha, N.,Chehrukupalli, A. | ||||
Title | Participatory Rural Appraisal and Compensation Intervention: Challenges and Protocols While Managing Large Carnivore–Human Conflict | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2014 | Publication | Human Dimensions of Wildlife: An International Journal | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 19 | Issue | Pages | 62-71 | |
Keywords | PRA, large carnivores–human conflict, compensation, livestock depredation, data collection protocols | ||||
Abstract | When large carnivores cause socioeconomic losses in a community, conflict increases, retaliatory killing of the carnivore can occur, and conservation efforts are undermined. We focused on Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) and economic compensation schemes as approaches for managing conflict. PRA is a tool for collecting data on the large carnivore–human conflict and economic compensation schemes for those affected negatively by carnivore presence. We reviewed published papers and reports on large carnivore–human conflicts, PRA, and compensation schemes. This article details insights into common pitfalls, key lessons learned, possible solutions including new approaches for compensation and protocols to be followed while managing large carnivore–human conflict. We hope to contribute to a meaningful dialogue between locals, managers, and researchers and help in effective implementation of conservation programs to mitigate large carnivore–human conflict around the protected areas. |
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | SLN @ rakhee @ | Serial | 1404 | ||
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Author | Lyngdoh, S.,Shrotriya, S.,Goyal, S. P.,Clements, H.,Hayward, M. W.,Habib, B. | ||||
Title | Prey Preferences of the Snow Leopard (Panthera uncia): Regional Diet Specificity Holds Global Significance for Conservation | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2014 | Publication | Plos One | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 9 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 1-11 |
Keywords | snow leopard, prey species, prey consumption | ||||
Abstract | The endangered snow leopard is a large felid that is distributed over 1.83 million km2 globally. Throughout its range it relies on a limited number of prey species in some of the most inhospitable landscapes on the planet where high rates of human persecution exist for both predator and prey. We reviewed 14 published and 11 unpublished studies pertaining to snow leopard diet throughout its range. We calculated prey consumption in terms of frequency of occurrence and biomass consumed based on 1696 analysed scats from throughout the snow leopard’s range. Prey biomass consumed was calculated based on the Ackerman’s linear correction factor. We identified four distinct physiographic and snow leopard prey type zones, using cluster analysis that had unique prey assemblages and had key prey characteristics which supported snow leopard occurrence there. Levin’s index showed the snow leopard had a specialized dietary niche breadth. The main prey of the snow leopard were Siberian ibex (Capra sibrica), blue sheep (Pseudois nayaur), Himalayan tahr (Hemitragus jemlahicus), argali (Ovis ammon) and marmots (Marmota spp). The significantly preferred prey species of snow leopard weighed 5565 kg, while the preferred prey weight range of snow leopard was 36–76 kg with a significant preference for Siberian ibex and blue sheep. Our meta-analysis identified critical dietary resources for snow leopards throughout their distribution and illustrates the importance of understanding regional variation in species ecology; particularly prey species that have global implications for conservation. |
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | SLN @ rakhee @ | Serial | 1406 | ||
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Author | Ale, S., Shrestha, B., and Jackson, R. | ||||
Title | On the status of Snow Leopard Panthera Uncia (Schreber 1775) in Annapurna, Nepal | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2014 | Publication | Journal of Threatened Taxa | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | Issue | 6(3) | Pages | 5534-5543 | |
Keywords | Annapurna, Blue Sheep, Buddhism, camera-trapping, Himalayas, Mustang, sign-survey, Snow Leopard. | ||||
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Call Number | SLN @ rakhee @ | Serial | 1407 | ||
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Author | Ferretti, F., Lovari, S., Minder, I., Pellizzi, B. | ||||
Title | Recovery of the snow leopard in Sagarmatha (Mt.Everest) National Park: effects on main prey | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2014 | Publication | European Journal of Wildlife Research | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | Issue | 60 | Pages | 559-562 | |
Keywords | Predator–prey relationships . Small populations . Snow leopard . Himalayan tahr | ||||
Abstract | Consequences of predation may be particularly heavy on small populations of herbivores, especially if they are threatened with extinction. Over the 2006–2010 period, we documented the effects of the spontaneous return of the endangered snow leopard on the population of the vulnerable Himalayan tahr. The study area was an area of central Himalaya where this cat disappeared c. 40 years before, because of persecution by man. Snow leopards occurred mainly in areas close to the core area of tahr distribution. Tahr was the staple (56.3 %) of snow leopards. After the arrival of this cat, tahr decreased by more than 2/3 from 2003 to 2010 (mainly through predation on kids). Subsequently, the density of snow leopards decreased by 60%from2007 to 2010. The main prey of snow leopards in Asia (bharal, marmots) were absent in our study area, forcing snow leopards to specialize on tahr. The restoration of a complete prey spectrum should be favoured through reintroductions, to conserve large carnivores and to reduce exploitation of small populations of herbivores, especially if threatened. |
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Call Number | SLN @ rakhee @ | Serial | 1408 | ||
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Author | Kohli, K., Sankaran, M., Suryawanshi, K. R., Mishra, C | ||||
Title | A penny saved is a penny earned: lean season foraging strategy of an alpine ungulate | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2014 | Publication | Animal Behaviour | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | Issue | 92 | Pages | 93-100 | |
Keywords | blue sheep, grazing, herbivore, mountain ungulate, optimal foraging, Pseudois nayaur, trans-Himalaya | ||||
Abstract | Lean season foraging strategies are critical for the survival of species inhabiting highly seasonal environments such as alpine regions. However, inferring foraging strategies is often difficult because of challenges associated with empirically estimating energetic costs and gains of foraging in the field. We generated qualitative predictions for the relationship between daily winter foraging time, body size and forage availability for three contrasting foraging strategies including time minimization, energy intake maximization and net energy maximization. Our model predicts that for animals employing a time minimization strategy, daily winter foraging time should not change with body size and should increase with a reduction in forage availability. For energy intake maximization, foraging time should not vary with either body size or forage availability. In contrast, for a net energy maximization strategy, foraging time should decrease with increase in body size and with a reduction in forage availability. We contrasted proportion of daily time spent foraging by bharal, Pseudois nayaur, a dimorphic grazer, across different body size classes in two high-altitude sites differing in forage availability. Our results indicate that bharal behave as net energy maximizers during winter. As predicted by the net energy maximization strategy, daily winter foraging time of bharal declined with increasing body size, and was lower in the site with low forage availability. Furthermore, as predicted by our model, foraging time declined as the winter season progressed. We did not find support for the time minimizing or energy intake maximizing strategies. Our qualitative model uses relative rather than absolute costs and gains of foraging which are often difficult to estimate in the field. It thus offers a simple way to make informed inferences regarding animal foraging strategies by contrasting estimates of daily foraging time across gradients of body size and forage availability. |
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Call Number | SLN @ rakhee @ | Serial | 1409 | ||
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Author | Li, J., Lu, Z. | ||||
Title | Snow Leopard poaching and trade in China 2000-2013 | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2014 | Publication | Biological Conservation | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | Issue | 176 | Pages | 207-211 | |
Keywords | Bone, Pelt, Panthera uncial, Retaliatory killing, Sanjiangyuan | ||||
Abstract | The snow leopard is a flagship species of the alpine ecosystem in the Central Asia, with China comprising nearly 60% of the habitat and population. It was listed as endangered by IUCN and included in Appendix I of CITES in the 1970s. Poaching for its fur and bones is a significant and increasing threat to snow leopards globally. However, little detailed information is available on snow leopard poaching in China. Here, we collected all reported cases of snow leopard poaching and trade in China 2000–2013. We found that snow leopard parts were mainly traded in the major cities within their range provinces, but also began to emerge in a few coastal cities after 2010. Household interviews in the Sanjiangyuan Region in Qinghai Province showed that in this sub region alone, 11 snow leopards were killed annually, accounting for about 1.2% of the estimated snow leopard population there. |
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | SLN @ rakhee @ | Serial | 1410 | ||
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