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	Author	Reed-Smith, J.; Kumpf, M.
	Title	Snow leopards (Uncia uncia): family group management alternatives			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1998	Publication	Anim.Keepers' Forum	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	25	Issue	10	Pages	386-391
	Keywords	behavior; captive-animal-care; endangered; threatened-species; intraspecies-relationships; mammals; techniques; zoos; snow leopard; husbandry; browse; captive; Animal; care; threatened; species; intraspecies; relationships; 1300
	Abstract	The authors offer insights into creating family groups of snow leopards in zoos. The programs at the Denver Zoo, Denver, Colorado, and at John Ball Zoological Gardens, Grand Rapids, Michigan, are highlighted. lgh.
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	Notes	Document Type: English			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 340			Serial	814
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	Author	Satunin K.A.
	Title	Review of the Mammals in Trans Caspian region			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	1905	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	Vol. 25, issue. 3.	Issue		Pages	56
	Keywords	Trans Casnian region; snow leopard; records.; 8100; Russian
	Abstract	Snow leopard Pardus uncia Schreber recorded in Trans Caspian region (in Sumbar rive) very rare and occasionally.
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	Notes	Full text available in Russian			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 788			Serial	848
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	Author	Leyhausen, P.
	Title	Further comment on the proposed conservation of Panthera oken, 1816 (Mammalia, carnivora)			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1969	Publication	Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	25	Issue	4/5	Pages
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	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
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	Notes	January			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @			Serial	1231
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	Author	Mazak, V.
	Title	A comment on the proposed preservation o the generic name Panthera oken (Mammalia, Carnivora)			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1968	Publication	Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	25	Issue	2/3	Pages
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	Notes	September			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @			Serial	1232
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	Author	Lovari, S., Ventimiglia, M., Minder, I.
	Title	Food habits of two leopard species, competition, climate change and upper treeline: a way to the decrease of an endangered species?			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2013	Publication	Ethology Ecology & Evolution	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	25	Issue	4	Pages	305-318
	Keywords	carnivore evolution, coexistence, sympatric species, diet, Panthera uncia, Panthera pardus.
	Abstract	For carnivore species, spatial avoidance is one of the evolutionary solutions to coexist in an area, especially if food habits overlap and body sizes tend to coincide. We reviewed the diets of two large cats of similar sizes, the endangered snow leopard (Panthera uncia, 16 studies) and the near-threatened common leopard (Panthera par- dus, 11 studies), in Asia. These cats share ca 10,000 km2 of their mountainous range, although snow leopards tend to occur at a significantly higher altitude than common leopards, the former being a cold-adapted species of open habitats, whereas the latter is an ecologically flexible one, with a preference for woodland. The spectrum of prey of common leopards was 2.5 times greater than that of snow leopards, with wild prey being the staple for both species. Livestock rarely contributed much to the diet. When the breadth of trophic niches was compared, overlap ranged from 0.83 (weight categories) to one (main food categories). As these leopard species have approximately the same size and comparable food habits, one can predict that competition will arise when they live in sympatry. On mountains, climate change has been elevating the upper forest limit, where both leopard species occur. This means a habitat increase for common leopards and a substantial habitat reduction for snow leopards, whose range is going to be squeezed between the forest and the barren rocky altitudes, with medium- to long-term undesirable effects on the conservation of this endangered cat
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	Call Number	SLN @ rakhee @			Serial	1403
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	Author	Ming, M.
	Title	The Problems About Conservation of Wildlife Animals In Xinjiang			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2001	Publication	Arid Land Geography	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	24	Issue	1	Pages	47-51
	Keywords	China; conservation; development; distribution; ecosystem; management; nature reserves; protected areas; species diversity; Xinjiang
	Abstract	As an important part of the ecosystem in the world, the wild are highly sensitive to impel the public to pay an increasing attention to the vertebrates and their habitats. The region from Xinjiang to Central Asian countries and from north China to Mongolia, explored less by zoologists. The region is mainly consisted of deserts and high mountain ranges many lakes and rivers that provide the suitable habitats for wildlife. These are actually unknown. Conservation in the modern sense is a very important part of development, especially in the Western Development of China. This paper deals with the species diversity and vertebrates' conservation in Xinjiang. Since 1980, over 20 Iocal nature reserves and 4 nationaI nature reserves have been established in Xinjiang. There are about 700 vertebrate species (in 5 classesœª37 ordersœr97 familiesœª196 genera) in Xinjiang. These cover about 134 species of mammalsœª392® 430 species of birdsœr40® 45 species of reptilesœª6® 7 species of amphibians and 93® 120 fishes. With the rapid economic development, some protected areas exist only in name. The areas are not only havens for wild species, but also maintain ecological benefits. Xinjiang is a very special region in China. The wild animals are different from those in other provinces along the east coast and in the interior. There are many questions about the conservation of wild animals in Xinjiang, e.g. the threatened species distinguishing, distribution and management, etc. So the paper is for reference only to the Great Development of Western China.
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	Notes	In Chinese.			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 536			Serial	679
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	Author	Mishra, C.
	Title	Livestock depredation by large carnivores in the Indian trans-Himalaya: Conflict perceptions and conservation prospects			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1997	Publication	Environmental Conservation	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	24	Issue	4	Pages	338-343
	Keywords	canis lupis; carnivore; conflict; human-wildlife conflict; India; livestock; livestock depredation; snow leopard; trans-himalaya; Uncia uncia; wolf
	Abstract	Livestock depredation by the snow leopard, Uncia uncia, and the wolf, Canis lupus, has resulted in a human-wildlife conflict that hinders the conservation of these globally-threatened species throughout their range. This paper analyses the alleged economic loss due to livestock depredation by these carnivores, and the retaliatory responses of an agro-pastoral community around Kibber Wildlife Sanctuary in the Indian trans-Himalaya. The three villages studied (80 households) attributed a total of 189 livestock deaths (18% of the livestock holding) over a period of 18 months to wild predators, and this would amount to a loss per household equivalent to half the average annual per capita income. The financial compensation received by the villagers from the Government amounted to 3% of the perceived annual loss. Recent intensification of the conflict seems related to a 37.7% increase in livestock holding in the last decade. Villagers have been killing the wolf, though apparently not the snow leopard. A self-financed compensation scheme, and modification of existing livestock pens are suggested as area-specific short-term measures to reduce the conflict. The need to address the problem of increasing livestock holding in the long run is emphasized.
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	Notes	Document Type: English			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 333			Serial	689
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	Author	Xu, F.; Ming, M.; Yin, S.-jing; Mardan
	Title	Snow Leopard Survey in Tumor Nature Reserve, Xingjiang			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	2005	Publication	Sichuan Journal of Zoology	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	24	Issue	4	Pages	608-610
	Keywords	snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard; survey; nature; reserve; national; Xinjiang; China; sign; big; cat; spray; distribution; population; habitat; Habitat selection; selection; river; area; Tomur; transects; transect; scrapes; scrape; feces; areas; valley
	Abstract	Snow leopard survey was conducted in Oct-Nov 2004 at Tumor National Natural Reserve, Xinjiang, China. Because of its special living style, the snow leopard is difficult to observe by sight. Signs left by snow leopard become a good index to prove the existance of the big cat. There are mainly five kinds of signs, footprints, fectes, claw rakes and urine spray. From them we can know the distribution, probably population and habitat selection of snow leopard. This time in Tumor we investigated 5 difference places: Pochenzi in Mozat River area, Boxidun in Little Kuzbay River area, Yinyer in Tomur River area, Kurgan and Taglak in Quiong Tailan River area. 42 transects were run in this trip and a total of 57 signs found. Among them, footprints amounted to 71.9%, scrapes 21.1%, and feces 7.0%. The results showed that the big cat existed in Yinyer, Kurgan and Taglak areas and liked to select their habitat in the valley and didn't like to live in barren areas.
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 873			Serial	1034
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	Author	Tursun, H.; Wenhu, Y.; Meng, X.H.
	Title	Great Exploitation of the West and the Basic Thoughts of the Great Development Strategy of Xinjiang			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2000	Publication	Arid Land Geography	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	23	Issue	3	Pages	193-198
	Keywords	5410
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	Notes	In Chinese.			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 525			Serial	975
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	Author	Xu, F.; Ming, M.; Yin, S.-jing; Chundawat R.S.; Marden; Nui, Y.
	Title	Preliminary Study on the Habitat Selection of Uncia uncia			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	2006	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	23	Issue		Pages	471-473
	Keywords	study; habitat; Habitat selection; selection; uncia; Uncia uncia; Uncia-uncia; Chinese; research; large; species; extinction; Felidae; central; mountains; mountain; Xinjiang; Tianshan Mountains; Altay; national; nature; reserve; fieldwork; sign; grazing; status; Test; analysis; primary; factor; topography; valley
	Abstract	Uncia uncia is one of the rare large species on the brink of extinction in Felidae in the world, and inhabit only the Central Asian mountains. It is said that there are currently only 4500-7300 Uncia uncia surviving. During the period from September 2004 to July 2005, the habitat selection of Uncia uncia was investigated in some mountains in Xinjiang, including the eastern Tianshan Mountains, Beita Mountains, Altay Mounts and Mount Tumor National Nature Reserve. In several months of fieldwork, we got 171 sign samples of Uncia uncia and 123 random samples in total. Five habitat features, i.e., the elevation, topographic features, vegetation type, grazing status and ruggedness, are selected to compare the difference of selectivity of the Uncia uncia habitat selection. The Chi-square goodness-of-fit test and the binomial test are used to check the significance of Uncia uncia habitat selection, and the principal component analysis is used to find the primary factors in in the selection. The result s are as follows : (1) Uncia uncia selected all kinds of the habitat types , especially the elevation , topography , vegetation types and ruggedness ; (2) Ruggedness and the vegetation types are the preliminary factors for the habitat selection. Topography is the secondary factor ; (3) Uncia uncia prefer to inhabit in the rugged habitat s with moderate shrubberies , and they also like to leave signs in valley bottoms rather than hillsides.
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	Notes	Full text available in ChineseName of periodical: Arid Zone Research			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 871			Serial	1036
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