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Author Broder, J.; MacFadden, A.; Cosens, L.; Rosenstein, D.; Harrison, T. url 
  Title (down) Use of Positive Reinforcement Conditioning to Monitor Pregnancy in an Unanesthetized Snow Leopard (Uncia uncia) via Transabdominal Ultrasound Type Miscellaneous
  Year 2008 Publication Zoo Biology Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 27 Issue Pages 78-85  
  Keywords desensitization; fetal development; operant conditioning; pregnancy detection; primiparous; snow leopard; zoo  
  Abstract Closely monitoring snow leopard (Uncia uncia) fetal developments via transabdominal ultrasound, with minimal stress to the animal, was the goal of this project. The staff at Potter Park Zoo has used the principles of habituation, desensitization, and positive reinforcement to train a female snow leopard (U. uncia). Ultrasound examinations were preformed on an unanesthetized feline at 63 and 84 days. The animal remained calm and compliant throughout both procedures. Fetuses were observed and measured on both occasions. The absence of anesthesia eliminated components of psychologic and physiologic stress associated with sedation. This was the first recorded instance of transabdominal ultrasound being carried out on an unanesthetized snow leopard. It documents the feasibility of detecting pregnancy and monitoring fetal development via ultrasound.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 905 Serial 196  
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Author Pollock, R.V.; Carmichael, L.E. url 
  Title (down) Use of modified live feline panleukopenia virus vaccine to immunize dogs against canine parvovirus Type Journal Article
  Year 1983 Publication Am J Vet Res Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 44 Issue 2 Pages 169-175  
  Keywords Animal; Antibodies; Viral; biosynthesis; Dog; Diseases; microbiology; prevention; control; Dogs; Dose; Response; Relationship; Immunologic; Parvoviridae; immunology; Parvovirus; Feline; growth; development; Support; Non-U.S.Gov't; Vaccines; Attenuated; Virus; veterinary; Replication; browse; 350  
  Abstract Modified live feline panleukopenia virus (FPLV) vaccine protected dogs against canine parvovirus (CPV) infection. However, unlike the long- lived (greater than or equal to 20-month) immunity engendered by CPV infection, the response of dogs to living FPLV was variable. Doses of FPLV (snow leopard strain) in excess of 10(5.7) TCID50 were necessary for uniform immunization; smaller inocula resulted in decreased success rates. The duration of immunity, as measured by the persistence of hemagglutination-inhibiting antibody, was related to the magnitude of the initial response to vaccination; dogs with vigorous initial responses resisted oronasal CPV challenge exposure 6 months after vaccination, and hemagglutination-inhibiting antibodies persisted in such dogs for greater than 1 year. Limited replication of FPLV in dogs was demonstrated, but unlike CPV, the feline virus did not spread to contact dogs or cats. Adverse reactions were not associated with living FPLV vaccination, and FPLV did not interfere with simultaneous response to attenuated canine distemper virus.  
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  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0002-9645 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes Document Type: eng Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 69 Serial 784  
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Author McCarthy, T. url 
  Title (down) Update: Mongolia Type Journal Article
  Year 1994 Publication Snow Line Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Xii Issue 1 Pages 3-4  
  Keywords conservation; ecology; Mongolia; snow leopard  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher International Snow Leopard Trust Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
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  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 239 Serial 654  
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Author DiSabato, L. url 
  Title (down) Update on the snow leopard factory Type Magazine Article
  Year 1980 Publication San Antonio's News from the Zoo Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 6 Issue 6 Pages 1-2  
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  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
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  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ Serial 1160  
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Author Hillard, D. url 
  Title (down) Update on the Himalayan Snow Leopard Project Type Miscellaneous
  Year 1985 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume No. 8 Issue Pages  
  Keywords Nepal; Himalaya; Jackson; collars; research; telemetry; yeowls; roars; mating-call; Langu; cubs; radio; field-work; surveys; tracking; behavior; browse; 4830  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Islt Place of Publication Seattle Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Full Text at URLJournal Title: Snow Line Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 470 Serial 383  
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Author McCarthy, T. url 
  Title (down) Update Mongolia Type Miscellaneous
  Year 1994 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume xii Issue Pages  
  Keywords Schaller; economics; travel; Mne; Macne; Altai; gobi; training; field-work; research; browse; 4620  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Islt Place of Publication Seattle Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Full Text at URLJournal Title: Snowline Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 449 Serial 655  
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Author Riordan, P. url 
  Title (down) Unsupervised recognition of individual tigers and snow leopards from their footprints Type Miscellaneous
  Year 1998 Publication Animal Conservation Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 1 Issue Pages 253-262  
  Keywords captive; panthera tigris; panthera uncia; snow leopard; techniques; tiger  
  Abstract This study presents the testing of two unsupervised classification methods for their ability to accurately identify unknown individual tigers, Panthera tigris, and snow leopards, Panthera uncia, from their footprints. A neural-network based method, the Kohonen self-organizing map (SOM), and a Bayesian method, AutoClass, were assessed using hind footprints taken from captive animals under standardized conditions. AutoClass successfully discriminated individuals of both species from their footprints. Classification accuracy was greatest for tigers, with more misclassification of individuals occurring for snow leopards. Examination of variable influence on class formations failed to identify consistently influential measurements for either species. The self-organizing map did not provide accurate classification of individuals for either species. Results were not substantially improved by altering map dimensions nor by using principal components derived from the original data. The interpretation of resulting classifications and the importance of using such techniques in the study of wild animal populations are discussed. The need for further testing in the field is highlighted.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 896 Serial 823  
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Author Vorobjov A.G. url 
  Title (down) Ungulates (Artiodactyla) of the Western Tien Shan (Distribution and number within Kyrgyzstan) Type Miscellaneous
  Year 2002 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 68-72  
  Keywords Kyrgyzstan; Western Tien Shan; distribution; number; ungulates; predators; wolf; Lynx; snow leopard; commercial hunting.; 8520; Russian  
  Abstract Materials on numbers and densities of 8 ungulates (Sus scrofa nigripes, Capreolus pygargus tianschanicus, Cervus elaphus, Cervus nippon, Cervus dama, Capra sibirica formosovi, Ovis ammon karelini, Bison bonasus) within the Chatkal …nd Talas Ranges are given. A critical analysis is also presented on prospects for development of the commercial hunting tourism as opportunities for additional assignments in measures on conservation of the Western Tien Shan biodiversity  
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  Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Biodiversity of Western Tien Shan. Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 829 Serial 992  
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Author Kachel, S., Bayrakcismith, R., Kubanychbekov, Z., Kulenbekov, R., McCarthy, T., Weckworth, B., Wirsing, A. pdf 
  Title (down) Ungulate spatiotemporal responses to contrasting predation risk from wolves and snow leopards Type Journal Article
  Year 2022 Publication Journal of Animal Ecology Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 1-16  
  Keywords landscape of fear, multiple-predator effects, non-consumptive effects, predation-risk effects, predator facilitation, risk allocation, snow leopard, wolf  
  Abstract 1. Spatial responses to risk from multiple predators can precipitate emergent consequences for prey (i.e. multiple-predator effects, MPEs) and mediate indirect interactions between predators. How prey navigate risk from multiple predators may therefore have important ramifications for understanding the propagation of predation-risk effects (PREs) through ecosystems.

2. The interaction of predator and prey traits has emerged as a potentially key driver of antipredator behaviour but remains underexplored in large vertebrate systems, particularly where sympatric prey share multiple predators. We sought to better generalize our understanding of how predators influence their ecosystems by considering how multiple sources of contingency drive prey distribution in a multi-predator–multi-prey system.

3. Specifically, we explored how two sympatric ungulates with different escape tactics—vertically agile, scrambling ibex Capra sibirica and sprinting argali Ovis ammon—responded to predation risk from shared predators with contrasting hunting modes—cursorial wolves Canis lupus and vertical-ambushing, stalking snow leopards Panthera uncia.

4. Contrasting risk posed by the two predators presented prey with clear trade-offs. Ibex selected for greater exposure to chronic long-term risk from snow leopards, and argali for wolves, in a nearly symmetrical manner that was predictable based on the compatibility of their respective traits. Yet, acute short-term risk from the same predator upended these long-term strategies, increasing each ungulates' exposure to risk from the alternate predator in a manner consistent with a scenario in which conflicting antipredator behaviours precipitate risk-enhancing MPEs and mediate predator facilitation. By contrast, reactive responses to wolves led ibex to reduce their exposure to risk from both predators—a risk-reducing MPE. Evidence of a similar reactive risk-reducing effect for argali vis-à-vis snow leopards was lacking.

5. Our results suggest that prey spatial responses and any resulting MPEs and prey-mediated interactions between predators are contingent on the interplay of hunting mode and escape tactics. Further investigation of interactions among various drivers of contingency in PREs will contribute to a more comprehensive understanding and improved forecasting of the ecological effects of predators.
 
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rakhee @ Serial 1704  
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Author Khanyari, M., Zhumabai uulu, K., Luecke, S., Mishra, C., Suryawanshi, K. url 
  Title (down) Understanding population baselines: status of mountain ungulate populations in the Central Tien Shan Mountains, Kyrgyzstan Type Journal Article
  Year 2020 Publication Mammalia Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 1-8  
  Keywords conservation; human-use landscapes; hunting concession; mountain ungulates; population baselines; protected areas.  
  Abstract We assessed the density of argali (Ovis ammon) and ibex

(Capra sibirica) in Sarychat-Ertash Nature Reserve and its neighbouring

Koiluu valley. Sarychat is a protected area, while Koiluu is a human-use

landscape which is a partly licenced hunting concession for mountain

ungulates and has several livestock herders and their permanent

residential structures. Population monitoring of mountain ungulates can

help in setting measurable conservation targets such as appropriate

trophy hunting quotas and to assess habitat suitability for predators

like snow leopards (Panthera uncia). We employed the double-observer

method to survey 573 km2 of mountain ungulate habitat inside Sarychat

and 407 km2 inside Koiluu. The estimated densities of ibex and argali in

Sarychat were 2.26 (95% CI 1.47–3.52) individuals km-2 and 1.54 (95% CI

1.01–2.20) individuals km-2, respectively. Total ungulate density in

Sarychat was 3.80 (95% CI 2.47–5.72) individuals km-2. We did not record

argali in Koiluu, whereas the density of ibex was 0.75 (95% CI

0.50–1.27) individuals km-2. While strictly protected areas can achieve

high densities of mountain ungulates, multi-use areas can harbour

meaningful

though suppressed populations. Conservation of mountain ungulates and

their predators can be enhanced by maintaining Sarychat-like “pristine”

areas interspersed within a matrix of multi-use areas like Koiluu.
 
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  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1610  
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