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| Author | Ale, S.B., Brown, J.S. | ||||
| Title | Prey behavior leads to predator: a case study of the Himalayan tahr and the snow leopard in Sagarmatha (Mt. Everest) National Park, Nepal | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2009 | Publication | Israel Journal of Ecology & Evolution | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 55 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 315-327 |
| Keywords | vigilance, fear, behavioral indicator, predator, prey, snow leopard, Himalayan tahr, Mount Everest | ||||
| Abstract | Rare, elusive predators offer few sightings, hindering research with small sample sizes and lack of experimentation. While predators may be elusive, their prey are more readily observed. Prey respond to the presence of a predator, and these fear responses may have population- and community-level consequences. Anti-predator behaviors, such as vigilance, allow us to sidestep the difficulty of direct field studies of large predators by studying them indirectly. Here we used a behavioral indicator, the vigilance behavior of the Himalayan tahr, the snow leopard’s main local prey, to reveal the distribution and habitat use of snow leopards in the Mt. Everest region of Nepal. We combined techniques of conventional field biology with concepts of foraging theory to study prey behavior in order to obtain insights into the predator’s ecology. The Himalayan tahr’s vigilance behavior correlates with the distribution of snow leopard signs. Tahr actually led us to six sightings of snow leopards. We conclude that behavioral indicators provided by prey offer a valuable tool for studying and monitoring stealthy and rare carnivores. | ||||
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| Publisher | Science from Israel, a division of LPPLtd. | Place of Publication | Israel | Editor | |
| Language | English | Summary Language | English | Original Title | |
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number  |
SLN @ rana @ | Serial | 1109 | ||
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| Author | WWF Russia & Mongolia | ||||
| Title | WWF Altai-Sayan Newsletter | Type | Report | ||
| Year | 2010 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
| Volume | Issue | 12 | Pages | 6 | |
| Keywords | WWF Russia, WWF Mongolia, argali, snow leopard | ||||
| Abstract | WWF Russia and WWF Mongolia share the main achievements of both offices in Altai – Sayan Ecoregion regarding species conservation, protected areas, ecotourism, public awareness, education, eco clubs, fresh water. Several articles reference snow leopards: WWF Mongolia Argali population observation in transboundary area WWF Russia Ecotourism camps in the habitats of a snow leopard and argali WWF and UNDP WWF Russia WWF assessed the level of conflict between herders and a snow leopard in Republic of Tyva WWF Russia The first ecological festival in the history of Mountain Altai for snow leopard conservation! |
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| Address | Email: tivanitskaya@wwf.ru | ||||
| Corporate Author | Communication Staff of Altai - Sayan Programme in Russia and Mongolia | Thesis | |||
| Publisher | WWF | Place of Publication | Russia | Editor | |
| Language | English | Summary Language | English | Original Title | |
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ | Serial | 1110 | ||
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| Author | Ale, S.B., Boesi, R. | ||||
| Title | Snow Leopard Sightings on the Top of the World | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2005 | Publication | Cat News | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | Issue | 43 | Pages | 19-20 | |
| Keywords | Mt.Everest, Sagarmatha National Park, sightings, snow leopard, Uncia uncia | ||||
| Abstract | Sightings of snow leopards Uncia uncia in the wild are rare. This is because snow leopards occur in low numbers and are very elusive (Schaller 1977). Snow leopards may be sparsely distributed,but they may not, however, be very elusive in the world's highest park, Sagarmatha (Mt. Everest) National Park (86° 30' 53“ E to 86° 99' 08” E and 27° 46' 19“ N to 27° 06' 45” N) in Nepal. | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ | Serial | 1111 | ||
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| Author | Chadwick, D.H. | ||||
| Title | Out of the Shadows: The elusive Central Asian snow leopard steps into a | Type | Magazine Article | ||
| Year | 2008 | Publication | National geographic | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 213 | Issue | 6 | Pages | 106-129 |
| Keywords | conservation, research, snow leopard, Uncia uncia | ||||
| Abstract | The elusive Central Asian snow leopard steps into a risk-filled future. | ||||
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| Corporate Author | National Geographic Society | Thesis | |||
| Publisher | National Geographic Society | Place of Publication | Washington, D.C. | Editor | |
| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ | Serial | 1113 | ||
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| Author | Chapron, G. | ||||
| Title | Re-wilding: other projects help carnivores stay wild | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2005 | Publication | Nature | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 437 | Issue | Pages | 318 | |
| Keywords | Acinonyx jubatus, carnivore, coexistence, conservation, damage prevention, Panthera leo, snow leopard, survival, Uncia uncia | ||||
| Abstract | Letter to Nature Editor, in response to: In their plea for bringing Pleistocene wildlife to the New World (“Re-wilding North America” Nature 436, 913–914; 2005), Josh Donlan and colleagues do not discuss successful efforts to ensure long-term survival of large carnivores in Africa and Asia. A few examples are given. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ | Serial | 1114 | ||
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| Author | Christiansen, P. | ||||
| Title | Canine morphology in the larger Felidae: implications for feeding ecology | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2007 | Publication | Biological Journal of the Linnean Society | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 91 | Issue | Pages | 573-592 | |
| Keywords | bite force, canine, clouded leopard, feeding behaviour, felid, Homotherium serum, leopard, Megantereoncultridens, morphology, Neofelis nebulosa, paleontology, Panthera pardus, Panthera tigris, puma, Puma concolor, Smilodon fatalis, Smilodon populator, snow leopard, Uncia uncia | ||||
| Abstract | Canine morphology is analysed at seven intervals along the crown in both anteroposterior and lateromedial perspective in seven species of large felids. The puma and the snow leopard have stout, rather conical canines, whereas those of lions, jaguars, and tigers bear substantial resemblance to each other, reflecting their phylogenetic relationships, and are less conical and large. The canines of the leopard are intermediate in morphology between those of the other species, probably reflecting its more generalized diet. The clouded leopard has very large and blade-like canines, which are different from the other analysed species. Canine bending strengths to estimated bite forces appear to differ less among the species than morphology,indicating that the evolution of canines has been constricted with respect to their strength in failure, probably owing to their being equally important for species fitness. However, the clouded leopard again stands out, having a high estimated bite force and rather weak canines in bending about the anteroposterior as well as lateromedial planes compared to the other species. Canine morphology to some extent reflects differences in killing mode, but also appears to be related to the phylogeny. The marked divergence of the clouded leopard is presently not understood. |
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ | Serial | 1115 | ||
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| Author | Darehshuri, B.F. | ||||
| Title | Threatened cats of Asia | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1978 | Publication | Wildlife | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 20 | Issue | 9 | Pages | 396-400 |
| Keywords | Asia, Acinonyx jubatus, Asiatic cheetah, cheetah, Siberian tiger, snow leopard | ||||
| Abstract | Man's hand is turned against the wild cats wherever they occur, often due to the value of their fur, but also because of the danger they sometimes pose to domestic stock and even human beings. All the larger Asian cats are threatened, and on this and the following pages we look at three of them – the Asiatic cheetah, the Siberian tiger, and the snow leopard. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ | Serial | 1116 | ||
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| Author | Jackson, R., Hunter, D.O. | ||||
| Title | Snow leopard Survey and conservation handbook (First edition) | Type | Report | ||
| Year | 1995 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 1-120 | ||
| Keywords | CCT, census, conservation, habitat, method, monitoring, prey, snow leopard, survey, Uncia uncia | ||||
| Abstract | The objectives of this handbook (First edition) are to provide standard procedures for conducting snow leopard status and distribution surveys; suggest uniform methods for assessing the status and relative abundance of large prey species (ungulates such as blue sheep, argali, markhor, Himalayan tahr, urial, ibex, red deer, and roe deer); offer guidance in evaluating habitat quality and identifying the major environmental factors affecting species welfare; and provide standard forms for reporting the results of these field surveys, and a process for feeding information developed by the International Snow Leopard Trust into Snoe Leopard Information Management System (SLIMS). | ||||
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| Corporate Author | International Snow Leopard Trust | Thesis | |||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ | Serial | 1120 | ||
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| Author | Johnsingh, A.J.T. | ||||
| Title | A roadmap for conservation in Uttaranchal | Type | Report | ||
| Year | 2006 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 1-13 | ||
| Keywords | carnivores, conservation, forest, habitat, hunting, landscape, Panthera uncia, poaching, snow leopard, species, tiger, Uncia uncia, ungulates, Uttar Pradesh, Uttaranchal | ||||
| Abstract | The enchanting state of Uttaranchal, carved out of Uttar Pradesh on 9th November 2000, has a total area of ca. 53,485 km2 with a population density of 160 persons/ km2, much lower than the national average of 324/km2. This young state can take pride in the fact that 13.42% of its area is under protected areas. The state has varied landscapes: snow-capped and conifer forest covered mountains in the north, forest covered foothills with numerous perennial rivers and streams, locally known as the bhabar tract which includes the Himalayan foothills and the Shivalik range. As a result, the land is home to a variety of fascinating wildlife such as the golden mahseer (Tor putitora), king cobra (Ophiophagus hanna), Himalayan monal (Lophophorus impejanus), great hornbill (Buceros bicornis), Himalayan tahr (Hemitragus jemlahicus), bharal (Pseudois nayaur), Himalayan musk deer (Moschus chrysogaster), goral (Nemorhaedus goral), elephant (Elephas maximus), snow leopard (Panthera uncia), leopard (P. pardus), black bear (Ursus thibetanus), and tiger (P. tigris). All across their range, most of these species are endangered. The potential of this state, with about 800 kilometers of riverine habitat, can only be surpassed by Arunachal Pradesh in terms of golden mahseer conservation. The mountains, bedecked with the scarlet flowers of rhododendron (Rhododendron arboreum) in the summer months, can be a veritable home to many forms of pheasants, mountain ungulates and carnivores, provided poaching for trade is eliminated and hunting for the pot is brought under control. The bhabar forests of this state, ca. 7,500 km2, extending between Yamuna and Sharda rivers (Fig. 1.), can easily support a population of about 1000 elephants and 200 tigers as long as this large habitat, now fragmented in three blocks, is managed and protected as one continuous habitat for wildlife. Six villages, gujjar settlements and encroachments need to be moved away from the main wildlife habitat which goes along the bhabar tract. Although the conservation of these habitats can eventually bring in immense benefits through well-planned ecotourism programmes that are rapidly catching up in the state, initial conservation efforts would need a substantial amount of funds. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ | Serial | 1121 | ||
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| Author | Lovari, S., Boesi, R., Minder, I., Mucci, N., Randi, E., Dematteis, A., and Ale, S. B. | ||||
| Title | Restoring a keystone predator may endanger a prey species in a human-altered ecosystem: the return of the snow leopard to Sagarmatha National Park | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2009 | Publication | Animal Conservation | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 12 | Issue | Pages | 559-570 | |
| Keywords | conservation, food habits, genetics, Hemitragus jemlahicus, Himalayan tahr, management, microsatellite, predation, presence, scat, scat analysis, snow leopard, Uncia uncia | ||||
| Abstract | Twenty-five years ago, the snow leopard Uncia uncia, an endangered large cat, was eliminated from what is now Sagarmatha National Park (SNP). Heavy hunting pressure depleted that area of most medium-large mammals, before it became a park. After three decades of protection, the cessation of hunting and the recovery of wild ungulate populations, snow leopards have recently returned (four individuals). We have documented the effects of the return of the snow leopard on the population of its main wild prey, the Himalayan tahr Hemitragus jemlahicus, a 'near-threatened' caprin. Signs of snow leopard presence were recorded and scats were collected along a fixed trail (130 km) to assess the presence and food habits of the snow leopard in the Park, from 2004 to 2006. Himalayan tahr, the staple of the diet, had a relative occurrence of 48% in summer and 37% in autumn, compared with the next most frequent prey, musk deer Moschus chrysogaster (summer: 20%; autumn: 15%) and cattle (summer: 15%; autumn: 27%). In early summer, the birth rate of tahr (young-to-female ratio: 0.8-0.9) was high. The decrease of this ratio to 0.1-0.2 in autumn implied that summer predation concentrated on young tahr, eventually altering the population by removing the kid cohort. Small populations of wild Caprinae, for example the Himalayan tahr population in SNP, are sensitive to stochastic predation events and may be led to almost local extinction. If predation on livestock keeps growing, together with the decrease of Himalayan tahr, retaliatory killing of snow leopards by local people may be expected, and the snow leopard could again be at risk of local extinction. Restoration of biodiversity through the return of a large predator has to be monitored carefully, especially in areas affected by humans, where the lack of important environmental components, for example key prey species, may make the return of a predator a challenging event. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ | Serial | 1122 | ||
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