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Author  |
Ferretti, F., Lovari, S. |
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Title |
Predation may counteract climatic change as a driving force for movements of mountain ungulates |
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Report |
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2016 |
Publication |
Behavioural-Processes |
Abbreviated Journal |
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129 |
Pages |
101-104 |
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Keywords |
Climate change, Environmental change, Interspecific interactions, Large cats, Predator-prey interactions |
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Abstract |
Temperature variations are expected to influence altitudinal movements of mountain herbivores and, in
turn, those of their predators, but relevant information is scarce. We evaluated monthly relationships
between temperature and altitude used by a large mountain-dwelling herbivore, the Himalayan tahr
Hemitragus jemlahicus, and its main predator, the snow leopard Panthera uncia, in an area of central
Himalaya for five consecutive years (2006–2010). In contrast to expectations, there was no significant
direct relationship between altitude of tahr sightings and temperature. The mean altitude of tahr sightings
decreased by c. 200 m throughout our study. As expected, snow leopard movements tracked those of tahr,
although the core area of the snow leopard did not move downwards. Tahr remained the staple of the
snow leopard diet: we suggest that the former did not move upwards in reaction to higher temperature
to avoid encounters with the latter. Avoidance of competition with the larger common leopard Panthera
pardus at lower altitudes could explain why snow leopards did not shift their core area downwards.
Apparently, interspecific interactions (predation; competition) influenced movements of Himalayan tahr
and snow leopards more than climatic variations. |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rakhee @ |
Serial |
1441 |
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Author |
Ferretti, F., Lovari, S., Minder, I., Pellizzi, B. |
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Title |
Recovery of the snow leopard in Sagarmatha (Mt.Everest) National Park: effects on main prey |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2014 |
Publication |
European Journal of Wildlife Research |
Abbreviated Journal |
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60 |
Pages |
559-562 |
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Keywords |
Predator–prey relationships . Small populations . Snow leopard . Himalayan tahr |
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Consequences of predation may be particularly
heavy on small populations of herbivores, especially if they
are threatened with extinction. Over the 2006–2010 period, we
documented the effects of the spontaneous return of the endangered
snow leopard on the population of the vulnerable
Himalayan tahr. The study area was an area of central
Himalaya where this cat disappeared c. 40 years before, because
of persecution by man. Snow leopards occurred mainly
in areas close to the core area of tahr distribution. Tahr was the
staple (56.3 %) of snow leopards. After the arrival of this cat,
tahr decreased by more than 2/3 from 2003 to 2010 (mainly
through predation on kids). Subsequently, the density of snow
leopards decreased by 60%from2007 to 2010. The main prey
of snow leopards in Asia (bharal, marmots) were absent in our
study area, forcing snow leopards to specialize on tahr. The
restoration of a complete prey spectrum should be favoured
through reintroductions, to conserve large carnivores and to
reduce exploitation of small populations of herbivores, especially
if threatened. |
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SLN @ rakhee @ |
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1408 |
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Filla, M., Lama, R. P., Ghale, T. R., Signer, J., Filla, T., Aryal, R. R., Heurich, M., Waltert, M., Balkenhol, N., Khorozyan, I. |
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Title |
In the shadows of snow leopards and the Himalayas: density and habitat selection of blue sheep in Manang, Nepal |
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2020 |
Publication |
Ecology and Evolution |
Abbreviated Journal |
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2021 |
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11 |
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108-122 |
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Keywords |
Annapurna Conservation Area, bharal, Panthera uncia, predator-prey, Pseudois nayaur |
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There is a growing agreement that conservation needs to be proactive and pay increased attention to common species and to the threats they face. The blue sheep (Pseudois nayaur) plays a key ecological role in sensitive high-altitude ecosystems of Central Asia and is among the main prey species for the globally vulnerable snow leopard (Panthera uncia). As the blue sheep has been increasingly exposed to human pressures, it is vital to estimate its population dynamics, protect the key populations, identify important habitats, and secure a balance between conservation and local livelihoods. We conducted a study in Manang, Annapurna Conservation Area (Nepal), to survey blue sheep on 60 transects in spring (127.9 km) and 61 transects in autumn (134.7 km) of 2019, estimate their minimum densities from total counts, compare these densities with previous estimates, and assess blue sheep habitat selection by the application of generalized additive models (GAMs). Total counts yielded minimum density estimates of 6.0–7.7 and 6.9–7.8 individuals/km2 in spring and autumn, respectively, which are relatively high compared to other areas. Elevation and, to a lesser extent, land cover indicated by the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) strongly affected habitat selection by blue sheep, whereas the effects of anthropogenic variables were insignificant. Animals were found mainly in habitats associated with grasslands and shrublands at elevations between 4,200 and 4,700 m. We show that the blue sheep population size in Manang has been largely maintained over the past three decades, indicating the success of the integrated conservation and development efforts in this area. Considering a strong dependence of snow leopards on blue sheep, these findings give hope for the long-term conservation of this big cat in Manang. We suggest that long-term population monitoring and a better understanding of blue sheep–livestock interactions are crucial to maintain healthy populations of blue sheep and, as a consequence, of snow leopards. |
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SLN @ rakhee @ |
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1683 |
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Author |
Fox, J.L.; Chundawat, R.S. |
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Title |
Evaluation of Snow Leopard Sign Abundance in the Upper Indus Valley |
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Conference Article |
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1997 |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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66-74 |
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Keywords |
India; Ladakh; Jammu; Kashmir; transect; survey; habitat; park; parks; reserves; reserve; refuge; field-study; marks; scrape; scrapes; spray; marking; behavior; tracks; autocad; predator; prey; ibex; blue-sheep; marmot; livestock; protected-area; blue; sheep; browse; protected; area; 2730 |
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Islt |
Place of Publication |
Lahore, Pakistan |
Editor |
R.Jackson; A.Ahmad |
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Full Text at URLTitle, Monographic: Eighth International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: Islamabad, PakistanDate of Copyright: 1997 |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 307 |
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308 |
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Fox, J.L.; Jizeng, D. |
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Title |
Introduction to the Seventh International Snow Leopard Symposium |
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1994 |
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Iucn; Cites; captive-management; conservation; management; livestock; herders; predator; prey; protected-areas; parks; park; refuge; reserves; captive; browse; protected; area; 3850 |
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Islt |
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Usa |
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J.L.Fox; D.Jizeng |
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full text available at URLTitle, Monographic: Seventh International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: ChinaDate of Copyright: 1994 |
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SLN @ rana @ 154 |
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302 |
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Fox, J.L.; Nurbu, C.; Chundawat, R.S. |
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Title |
The Mountain Ungulates of Ladakh India |
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1991 |
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Biological Conservation |
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58 |
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167-190 |
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Keywords |
ungulates; predator; prey; Ladakh; India; browse; 1900 |
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Document Type: English |
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SLN @ rana @ 180 |
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298 |
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Fox, J.L.; Nurbu, C.; Chundawat, R.S. |
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Title |
Tibetian Argali (Ovis ammon hodgsoni) |
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1991 |
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Mammalia |
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48-51 |
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argali; predator; prey; Tibet; browse; 1910 |
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SLN @ rana @ 181 |
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299 |
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Author |
Fox, J.L.; Sinha, S.P.; Chundawat R.S.; Das, P.K. |
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Title |
A Field Survey of Snow Leopard Presence and Habitat use in Northwestern India |
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1988 |
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99-111 |
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India; habitat; status; distribution; Ladakh; himalayans; field study; tracking; tracks; scraping; spraying; marking; predator; prey; livestock; herder; herders; browse; 1690 |
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During November 1985 through July1996, a survey of snow leopard presence and ecology was conducted in selected areas of the states of Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, and Uttar Pradesh in north-western India. The study was carried out under the auspices of the Wildlife Institute of India in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the International Snow Leopard Trust. The objectives of the survey were essentially determine the relative presence of the snow leopard and its associated prey species,investigate human interaction with the snow leopard and select an appropriate site for more intensive studies of the snow leopard and its ecosystem. |
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International Snow Leoaprd Trust and Wildlife Institute of India |
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India |
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H.Freeman |
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Full Text at URLTitle, Monographic: Fifth International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: Srinagar, IndiaDate of Copyright: 1988 |
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SLN @ rana @ 119 |
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293 |
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Freeman, H.; Jackson, R.; Hillard, R.; Hunter, D.O. |
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Title |
Project Snow Leopard: a multinational program spearheaded by the International Snow Leopard Trust |
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1994 |
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241-245 |
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Project-snow-leopard; biodiversity; conservation; protected-areas; parks; park; refuge; reserve; habitat; status; predator; prey; livestock; herders; poaching; hunting; skins; pelts; coats; fur; bones; medicine; management; livestock-depredation; trade; corridors; trans-boundry; project; protected-area; protected; area; areas; livestock depredation; depredation; browse; 2780 |
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Islt |
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Usa |
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J.L.Fox; Jizeng, D. |
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Full Text at URLTitle, Monographic: Seventh International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: ChinaDate of Copyright: 1994 |
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SLN @ rana @ 221 |
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324 |
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Author |
Fuller, S.; Ahmed, J. |
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Title |
Opportunities for Transfrontier Protected Areas in Northern Pakistan |
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1997 |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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204-215 |
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Pakistan; parks; park; reserve; reserves; refuge; hunting; Hindu-kush; Khunjerab; ibex; livestock; predator; prey; herders; herder; Wwf; protected-area; browse; world wildlife fund; protected; area; areas; 3050 |
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Islt |
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Lahore, Pakistan |
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R.Jackson; A.Ashiq |
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Full Text Available at URLTitle, Monographic: Eighth International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: Islamabad, PakistanDate of Copyright: 1997 |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 396 |
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328 |
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