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Author The Snow Leopard Conservancy
Title A Survey of Kathmandu-based Trekking Agencies: Market Opportunities for Linking Community-Based Ecotourism with the Conservation of Snow Leopard in the Annapurna Conservation Area. Report prepared for WWF-Nepal Programme Type Report
Year (up) 2002 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume SLC Field Series Document No. 4 Issue Pages 1-22
Keywords survey; trekking; linking; community-based; ecotourism; conservation; snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard; annapurna; annapurna conservation area; Annapurna-Conservation-Area; area; Report; trust; nature; nature conservation; Acap; Snow Leopard Conservancy; project; Manang; local; community; environment; Culture; population; number; blue; blue sheep; blue-sheep; sheep; endangered; cat; prey; Himalaya; snow leopards; snow-leopards; leopards; kill; livestock; killing; herders; herder; conflict; local people; people; wildlife; tourism; incentive; protect; predator; conserve; alpine; habitat
Abstract In 2001 the King Mahendra Trust for Nature Conservation (KMTNC), Annapurna Conservation Area (ACAP), Snow Leopard Conservancy (SLC) and WWF-Nepal initiated a collaborative project aimed at enhancing ecotourism in the Manang area, in ways that strengthen benefits to local communities while also protecting the environment and the local culture. Manang is known for its relatively dense snow leopard population, along with supporting good numbers of blue sheep, the endangered cat's principal prey through much of the Himalaya. However, snow leopards periodically kill many livestock, leading to retributive killing by herders along with other associated people-wildlife conflict. In order to encourage the local people to better co-exist with snow leopards and other wildlife, SLC, WWF-Nepal and ACAP agreed to explore ways of providing tourism benefits to local communities as an incentive to protect this rare predator and conserve its alpine habitat. Key in this regard is the possibility of developing locally guided nature treks, and accordingly, this survey was conducted in order to assess existing market opportunities and constraints to such ecotourism enterprise.
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Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Los Gatos, California Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
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Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 1022 Serial 962
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Author The Snow Leopard Conservancy
Title Visitor Satisfaction and Opportunity Survey, Manang, Nepal: Market Opportunities for Linking Community-Based Ecotourism with the Conservation of Snow Leopards in the Annpurna Conservation Area. Report prepared for WWF-Nepal Programme Type Report
Year (up) 2002 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume SLC Field Document Series No 3 Issue Pages 1-18
Keywords survey; Manang; Nepal; linking; community-based; ecotourism; conservation; snow; snow leopards; snow leopard; snow-leopards; snow-leopard; leopards; leopard; area; Report; valley; trekking; Southern; annapurna; Tibet; landscape; mountain; Culture; region; habitat; endangered; High; density; densities; abundance; blue; blue sheep; blue-sheep; sheep; primary; large; prey; prey species; prey-species; species; Himalayan; mountains; tibetan; tibetan plateau; tibetan-plateau; plateau
Abstract For the past two decades, the Manang or Nyeshang Valley has become one of the most popular

trekking routes in Nepal, attracting over 15,000 trekkers annually (Ale, 2001). The 21-day

circular trek takes the visitor from the lush southern slopes of the Annapurna massif around to

its dry northern slopes more reminiscent of Tibet, through a landscape of spectacular mountain

scenes, interesting villages and diverse cultures. The Manang region also offers prime habitat

for the endangered snow leopard, supporting an estimated 4.8 – 6.7 snow leopards per 100 sq.

km (Oli 1992). This high density has been attributed to the abundance of blue sheep, the snow

leopard's primary large prey species across the Himalayan Mountains and Tibetan Plateau.
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Notes Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 1021 Serial 961
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Author Barpiev I.M.
Title Peculiarities of biodiversity in the Besh-Aral nature reserve Type Miscellaneous
Year (up) 2002 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 25-26
Keywords Kyrgyzstan; Besh Aral nature reserve; Animals; endangered species; snow leopard.; 6170; Russian
Abstract 224 animal species, including two relict and 20 endemic, are registered in the Besh Aral nature reserve (Kyrgyzstan). This nature reserve is inhabited by rare and endangered animal and bird species (e.g. Menzbier's marmot, snow leopard, Tien Shan brown bear, manul, Turkistan lynx, saker falcon, bearded vulture, golden eagle, Himalayan griffon, and others) included in the Red Data Books of Kyrgyzstan, former USSR, and Led List of IUCN.
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Area Expedition Conference
Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Biological diversity of the West Tien Shan. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 595 Serial 120
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Author Koshkarev, E.
Title Strategy of Snow Leopard Conservation in the Range Type Conference Article
Year (up) 2002 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages
Keywords snow; leopard; uncia; conservation; poaching; protected; areas; range; population; protection; asia; endangered; species; 4990
Abstract
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Publisher Islt Place of Publication Islt Editor
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Area Expedition Conference
Notes Title, Monographic: Proceedings of the Snow Leopard Survival SummitPlace of Meeting: Seattle,WA Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 485 Serial 568
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Author Bekenov A.B.
Title Fauna of mammals in the State National Nature Park “Altyn-Emel” Type Miscellaneous
Year (up) 2002 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 83-87
Keywords Kazakhstan; Altyn-Emel national park; mammals; endangered mammals; snow leopard.; 6230; Russian
Abstract Over 80 mammal species, nine of which are included in the Red Data Book (stone marten, marbled polecat, otter, manul, snow leopard, dziggetai, argali, bear), inhabit the State National Nature Park “Altyn-Emel”.
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Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Zoological studies in Kazakhstan. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 601 Serial 128
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Author Joost van der Ven
Title Western Tien Shan: nature as it is Type Miscellaneous
Year (up) 2002 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 51-67
Keywords Western Tien Shan; biodiversiry; sustainable use; trophy hunt; endangered species; snow leopard.; 7010; Russian
Abstract Some ideas of biodiversity conservation in the West Tien Shan (first of all large mammals such as ibex, moral, brown bear, and snow leopard) including an idea of limited trophy hunt are discussed.
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Area Expedition Conference
Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Biodiversity of the West Tien Shan. Status and perspectives. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 679 Serial 505
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Author Raghavan, B.; Bhatnagar, Y.; Qureshi, Q.
Title Interactions between livestock and Ladakh urial (Ovis vignei vignei); final report Type Report
Year (up) 2003 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 1-46
Keywords Interactions; interaction; livestock; Ladakh; urial; ovis; endangered; Animal; Iucn; 2000; Cites; indian; wildlife; protection; number; 1960; 70; hunting; meat; fox; Chundawat; population; range; species; recent; humans; Human; Pressure; habitat; areas; area; human activity; activity; activities; agriculture; pastoralism; development; dam; Base; threats; threat; poaching; grazing; trans-himalaya; transhimalaya; Competition; resource; presence; India; project; International; international snow leopard trust; International-Snow-Leopard-Trust; snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard; trust; program
Abstract The Ladakh urial (Ovis vignei vignei) is a highly endangered animal (IUCN Red List 2000) listed in the Appendix 1 of CITES and Schedule 1 of the Indian Wildlife Protection Act 1972. Its numbers had been reduced to a few hundred individuals in the 1960s and 70s through hunting for trophies and meat (Fox et al. 1991, Mallon 1983, Chundawat and Qureshi 1999, IUCN Red List 2000). However, with the protection bestowed by the IWPA 1972, and resultant decrease in hunting, the population seems to have shown a marginal increase to about 1000-1500 individuals in its range in Ladakh (Chundawat and Qureshi 1999, IUCN Red List 2000). Although the species had in the past, been able to coexist with the predominantly Buddhist society of Ladakh, the recent increase in the population of both humans and their livestock has placed immense pressures on its habitat (Shackleton 1997, Chundawat and Qureshi 1999, Raghavan and Bhatnagar 2003). This is especially important considering that the Ladakh urial habitat coincides with the areas of maximum human activity in terms of settlements, agriculture, pastoralism and development, in Ladakh (Fox et al. 1991, Chundawat and Qureshi 1999, Raghavan and Bhatnagar 2003). Increased developmental activities such as construction of roads, dams, and military bases in these areas have also increased the access to their habitat. This has consequently made the species more vulnerable to the threats of poaching and habitat destruction (Fox et al. 1991, Chundawat and Qureshi 1999, Raghavan and Bhatnagar 2002). Pressure from increased livestock grazing is one of the major threats faced by the species today (Shackleton 1997, Fox et al. 1991, Mallon 1983, IUCN Red List 2000 Chundawat and Qureshi 1999, Raghavan and Bhatnagar 2003). In the impoverished habitat provided by the Trans-Himalayas, there is great competition for the scarce resources between various animal species surviving here (Fox 1996, Mishra 2001). The presence of livestock intensifies this competition and can either force the species out of its niche (competitive exclusion) by displacing it from that area or resource, or lead to partitioning of resources between the species, spatially or temporally, for coexistence (Begon et al. 1986, Gause 1934).
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Notes Project funded by International Snow Leopard Trust Small Grants Program. Wildlife Institute of India. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 1075 Serial 802
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Author Theile, S.
Title Fading Footprints: The Killing and Trade of Snow Leopards Type Report
Year (up) 2003 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages
Keywords snow; leopard; poaching; trade; traffic; Cites; endangered; hunting; 5130
Abstract Snow Leopards, in a genus of their own, are endangered big cats. They inhabit rugged,

mountainous terrain, in 12 range States – Afghanistan, Bhutan, China, India, Kazakhstan,

Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Nepal, Pakistan, the Russian Federation, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan.

There are regional differences in prey, but the cats' natural prey includes ungulates and rodents.

The global population of Snow Leopards is estimated to be between about 4000 and 7000, but

sharp declines in populations have been reported over the past decade from parts of the species's

range. High levels of hunting for the animals' skins and for live animals, for zoos, during the

last century contributed to the species's endangered status and, from the 1970s, legal measures

were taken for its protection. In 1975, the species was listed in Appendix I of CITES (the

Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Fauna and Flora) and in 1985 it

became an Appendix-I species of the Convention of Migratory Species. It has been accorded

nation-wide legal protection in almost every range State, in some cases since the 1970s. In spite

of such provision, Snow Leopards have been hunted during the 1990s in numbers as high as at

any time in the past and this killing continues in the present century. This report details the status of illegal poaching and trade in snow leopards in the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries.
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Publisher Traffic International Place of Publication Caimbridge, UK Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
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Notes Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 499 Serial 965
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Author Tursunov Kh.
Title The Ugam-Chatkal national park. The Chatkal state biosphere nature reserve Type Miscellaneous
Year (up) 2003 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 7-10
Keywords Uzbekistan; Ugam Chatkal national park; Chatkal nature reserve; flora; fauna; endangered species; snow leopard.; 8430; Russian
Abstract Established in 1990, the Ugam-Chatkal national park occupies an area of 668,350 ha and is the largest protected natural area in Uzbekistan. This area is famous for its rich species diversity. A number of rare and endangered plant and animal species, including among the others snow leopard, is found here. Being a core zone (strictly protected natural area), the Chatkal nature reserve is an integral part of the park. Snow leopard is periodically observed in the Tereksay river valley in the Maidantal area.
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Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Ecologic problems of the West Tien Shan. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 820 Serial 976
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Author Jackson, R.; Wangchuk, R.
Title A Community-Based Approach to Mitigating Livestock Depredation by Snow Leopards Type Miscellaneous
Year (up) 2004 Publication Human Dimensions of Wildlife Abbreviated Journal
Volume 9 Issue Pages 307-315
Keywords snow leopard,depredation,human-wildlife conflict,participatory planning,India; livestock; livestock depredation; livestock-depredation; depredation; endangered; snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard; panthera; panthera uncia; Panthera-uncia; uncia; Himalayan; protected; protected areas; protected area; protected-areas; protected-area; areas; area; attack; sheep; goats; goat; local; villagers; community-based; conservation; Hemis; national; national park; National-park; park; India; conflict; pens; income; participatory; strategy; planning; sense; project; snow leopards; snow-leopards; leopards; protection; retaliatory; poaching
Abstract Livestock depredation by the endangered snow leopard (Panthera uncia) is an increasingly contentious issue in Himalayan villages, especially in or near protected areas. Mass attacks in which as many as 100 sheep and goats are killed in a single incident inevitably result in retaliation by local villagers. This article describes a community-based conservation initiative to address this problem in Hemis National Park, India. Human-wildlife conflict is alleviated by predator-proofing villagers' nighttime livestock pens and by enhancing household incomes in environmentally sensitive and culturally compatible ways. The authors have found that the highly participatory strategy described here (Appreciative Participatory Planning and Action-APPA) leads to a sense of project ownership by local stakeholders, communal empowerment, self-reliance, and willingness to co-exist with

snow leopards. The most significant conservation outcome of this process is the protection from retaliatory poaching of up to five snow leopards for every village's livestock pens that are made predator-proof.
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Notes Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 890 Serial 471
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