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Author (up) Hanson, J. H.
Title Household Conflicts with Snow Leopard Conservation and Impacts from Snow Leopards in the Everest and Annapurna Regions of Nepal Type Journal Article
Year Publication Environmental Management Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 1 of 12
Keywords Human-wildlife conflict, Annapurna conservation area, Sagarmatha national park, South asia, Human-wildlife coexistence, Carnivores
Abstract Impacts on households from large carnivores are frequently reported in the conservation literature, but conflicts between households and large carnivore conservation are not. Employing a human-wildlife coexistence framework that distinguishes between human-wildlife impacts on one hand, and human-conservation conflicts on the other, this paper presents data from Annapurna Conservation Area and Sagarmatha (Everest) National Park, Nepal, each with different models of conservation governance. Using systematic sampling, quantitative information from 705 households was collected via questionnaires, while 70 semi-structured interviews were conducted with key informants for cross-methods triangulation. 7.7% of households reported conflicts with snow leopard conservation in the previous 12 months, primarily due to damage to livelihoods; these were significantly higher in the Annapurna region. 373 livestock were reported lost by households to snow leopards in the previous 12 months, representing 3.4% of total livestock owned and US$ 132,450 in financial value. Livestock losses were significantly lower in the Everest area. In linear regression models, total household livestock losses to all sources best explained conflicts with snow leopard conservation and household livestock losses to snow leopards but the models for the former dependent variable had very low explanatory power. Conservation in general, and large carnivore conservation in particular, should distinguish carefully between impacts caused by coexistence with these species and conflicts with conservation actors and over the methods and interventions used to conserve carnivores, especially where these negatively impact local livelihoods. In addition, livestock husbandry standards are highlighted again as an important factor in the success of carnivore conservation programmes.
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Call Number SLN @ rakhee @ Serial 1679
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Author (up) Hanson, J. H., Schutgens, M., Lama, R.P., Aryal, A., Dhakal, M.
Title Local attitudes to the proposed translocation of blue sheep Pseudois nayaur to Sagarmatha National Park, Nepal Type Journal Article
Year 2018 Publication Fauna & Flora International Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 1-7
Keywords Attitudes, blue sheep, human&wildlife conflict, Panthera uncia, Pseudois nayaur, Sagarmatha National Park, snow leopard, translocation
Abstract Translocations are an important tool for the conservation

of biodiversity, but although ecological feasibility

studies are frequently conducted prior to implementation,

social feasibility studies that consider how local communities

perceive such projects are less common. The translocation

of blue sheep Pseudois nayaur to Sagarmatha National

Park, Nepal, has been proposed, to reduce livestock depredation

by snow leopards Panthera uncia by providing an alternative

prey base in addition to the small population of

Himalayan thar Hemitragus jemlahicus. This study used

systematic sampling, a quantitative questionnaire and qualitative

interviews within the Park to provide data on the social

viability of the proposed translocation. Quantitative

analysis revealed moderate levels of support but qualitative

analysis suggested that there are significant concerns about

the proposal. In addition,multiple regression analysis found

that women and livestock owners were significantly less

supportive, although the model had low explanatory

power. Potential crop damage and competition for forage

were frequently cited as concerns, especially amongst

those with a high level of dependence on natural resources.

Given the mixed response to the proposed translocation of

blue sheep to the Everest region, alleviating the reservations

of local residents is likely to be key to any further consultation,

planning or implementation.
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Notes Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rakhee @ Serial 1475
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Author (up) Hussain, I.
Title Conserving Biodiversity through Institutional Diversity: Concept Paper Type Miscellaneous
Year 1999 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages
Keywords Iunc; status; distribution; Baltistan; Pakistan; herders; farmers; conservation; killing; poaching; conflict; livestock; predator; prey; retaliatory-killing; economy; corral; capture; trapping; Project-snow-leopard; ecotourism; tourism; compensation; markhor; trekking; browse; retaliatory; 3910
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Notes Full Text at URL Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 362 Serial 397
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Author (up) Hussain, S.
Title The status of the snow leopard in Pakistan and its conflict with local farmers Type Miscellaneous
Year 2003 Publication Oryx Abbreviated Journal
Volume 37 Issue Pages 26-33
Keywords Central Karakorum,farmer-wildlife conflict; livestock predation,snow leopard,Uncia uncia,; Western Himalayas.
Abstract Between 1998 and 2001 I carried out surveys in four areas in the Baltistan district of the Northern Areas of Pakistan to estimate the population of the snow leopard and to examine the threats to its future conservation. I estimate that a total of 36-50 snow leopards are present in the areas surveyed. Based on the availability of suitable snow leopard habitat and of its prey species, I estimate that 90-120 snow leopards are potentially present in Baltistan and 300-420 throughout its range within Pakistan's borders. Although this estimate is higher than extrapolations based on earlier surveys, the long-term future of the snow leopard is under threat. This is mainly due to retaliatory killings by farmers, and poaching for pelts and other body parts. Species-focused conservation policies, particularly those targeting ungulates for the promotion of trophy hunting, may constitute an additional threat to snow leopard conservation in the region. However, all forms of threats to the snow leopard in Baltistan appear to emanate from the relatively poor economic conditions of the local people.
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Notes Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 898 Serial 401
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Author (up) Hussain, S.
Title Shafqat Hussain Research Proposal for Pakistan Type Miscellaneous
Year Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages
Keywords Pakistan; Iucn; predation; predator; prey; livestock; conflict; herders; surveys; interviews; herding-techniques; browse; herding techniques; herding; techniques; 3900
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Notes Full Text at URL Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 3 Serial 398
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Author (up) Ikeda, N.
Title Economic impacts of livestock depredation by snow leopard Uncia uncia in the Kanchenjunga Conservation Area, Nepal Himalaya Type Miscellaneous
Year 2004 Publication Environmental Conservation Abbreviated Journal
Volume 31 Issue Pages 322-330
Keywords herder; Kanchenjunga Conservation Area; local resident; park people conflict; wildlife conservation; yak.; snow leopard
Abstract It is necessary to fully understand the economic conditions of local herders in order to find solutions to the conflicts between wildlife conservation and livestock rearing in remote areas of low-income countries. In the Kanchenjunga Conservation Area (KCA), Nepal, livestock depredation by snow leopards impacts on yak herders' livelihoods. Retaliatory killings of snow leopard by the herders have been reported and the concerned authorities recently initiated snow leopard conservation programmes. In 2001, interviews with the yak herders who used the pastures in the Ghunsa valley in the preceding year collected data on the incidence of livestock death caused by snow leopards. The annual net cash income of the yak herders was estimated by obtaining baseline values of sales and expenditure per livestock head through field measurement of dairy products and interviews with a sample of herders. As yet, the average annual damage does not appear to have adversely affected fundamental livelihoods in households with an average herd size (36.6 head). However, in the worst scenario of livestock depredation, households with medium or small-sized herds (<40 head) might risk their living conditions becoming unsustainable or having to withdraw from yak pastoralism. A supplementary interview showed that the majority of the herders, except those who took completely neutral attitudes towards the regional conservation and development programme, had negative views of the snow leopard conservation policy. For the snow leopard conservation programme in the KCA to be a success, there must be a system to compensate the herders' households for livestock damage.
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Notes Full article not available on SLN bibliography due to copyright concerns. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 906 Serial 402
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Author (up) Inayat, S.
Title Role of Women In Conservation of Snow Leopard In Pakistan Type Conference Article
Year 2002 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages
Keywords snow; leopard; women; womens; conservation; conflict; herders; economic; loss; Pakistan; Female; 4950
Abstract Generally speaking, men and women are the two wheels of the same vehicle. Women's

participation and involvement in the conservation of snow leopards is as indispensable as it is to

any other discipline. Unfortunately, their dual role was not exploited and so the involvement of

women in nature conservation is considered almost inappropriate and not up to the mark.

Mountainous people still live with their centuries old traditions and culture. Although with the

passage of time they are leaning towards modernization, still most of them are associated with

the centuries-old tradition of keeping livestock. These people take their livestock to the pastures

and thus share in the snow leopard's habitat. A large number of livestock grazing in the snow

leopard's habitat attracts this opportunistic animal to attack domestic animals. This is the point

where the conflict between snow leopards and livestock owners starts, with the snow leopard

killed in retaliation. Snow leopard depredation causes economic losses to the herders and

women, being the managers of the house, take the maximum impact. Keeping this fact in view,

a study was undertaken in the two demonstration sites of the snow leopard project in Chitral and

Gilgit. A specific questionnaire was used and information was collected from all the women

herders in the two demo sites. The study revealed that women have positive attitudes toward and

feel love for this precious animal.
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Publisher Islt Place of Publication Islt Editor
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Notes Title, Monographic: Proceedings of the Snow Leopard Survival SummitPlace of Meeting: Seattle,WA Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 481 Serial 404
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Author (up) International Snow Leopard Trust
Title Snow Leopard News Spring 2000 Type Miscellaneous
Year 2000 Publication Snow Leopard News Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages
Keywords Rutherford; Freeman; Morse; Jackson; Hillard; Natural-Partnerships-Program; Pakistan; Islt; Slims; training; Chitrol-Gol; parks; preserves; reserves; protected-areas; surveys; Hemis; Conflict-Resolution-Workshop; conflict; herders; leh; Jammu; Kashmir; Ladakh; corrals; predator; prey; livestock; depradation; human-wildlife-conflict; Uzbekistan; Gissar; Peace-Corps; Mongolia; Macne; fiction; populations; browse; 4390
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Publisher Islt Place of Publication Seattle, Wa Editor
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Notes Full Text at URLTable of Contents1.Transitions at the Trust2.Message From ISLT Founder Helen Freeman and President Charles Morse3.Jakson and Hillard to Leave ISLT for New Pursuits4. News and Notes5. ISLT's Natural Partnerships Program6.Thoughts from a Snow Leopard7. Snow Leopards, Local People,and Livestock losses: Solutions through Paticipation8.U.S. Peace Corps and ISLT Team Up in Mongolia Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 427 Serial 930
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Author (up) International Snow Leopard Trust
Title Villagers Release Captured Snow Leopard Type Miscellaneous
Year 2000 Publication Snow Line Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 1
Keywords Jamalabad; Pakistan; herders; livstock; Wwf; Khunjerab livestock; predation; conflict; Islt; browse; 4470
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Publisher Islt Place of Publication Seattle Editor
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Notes Full Text at URLJournal Title: Snow Line Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 435 Serial 931
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Author (up) Jackson, R.
Title The Snow Leopard Conservancy, Dedicated to demonstrating innovative, grassroots measures that lead local shepherds to become better stewards of the endangered snow leopard, its prey and habitat Type Miscellaneous
Year 2000 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages
Keywords livestock-depredation; livestock; herders; conflict; Iucn; enclosures; pens; corrals; trap; poison; hunting; behavior; Ladakh; guard-dogs; Dogs; economics; incentives; compensation; depredation; guard; browse; 4060
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Notes Full Text at URL Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 377 Serial 465
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