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Author Kovshar A.F.
Title A problem of conservation of rare and endangered vertebrate animals in the mountains of southeast Kazakhstan Type Miscellaneous
Year 1982 Publication (down) Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 56-58
Keywords Kazakhstan; Red Data book; protected areas; snow leopard.; 7390; Russian
Abstract Of 27 vertebrate animal species inhabiting the mountains of southeastern Kazakhstan and included in the Red Data Book of the USSR (1978) and Red Data Book of Kazakhstan (1978), 11 are mammals (free-toiled bat, Menzbier's marmot, dhole, Tien Shan brown bear, stone marten, otter, Turkistan lynx, snow leopard, manul, and argali). Snow leopard is met in the nature reserves Aksu Jabagly and Almaty. In the Almaty nature reserve snow leopard migrates outside the protected area following the ungulates. The extension of the nature reserve would improve the protection.
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Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Proceedings of All-Union Symposium “Mountainous geosystems of intracontinental deserts and semi-deserts”. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 717 Serial 585
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Author Kovshar A.F.
Title Snow leopard. Uncia uncia Type Miscellaneous
Year 1985 Publication (down) Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 85-86
Keywords Kazakhstan; snow leopard; distribution; diet; wild ibex; argali; number; breeding; poaching; over livestock; nature reserves.; 7400; Russian
Abstract In the Soviet Union snow leopard inhabits highlands of Central Asia, Kazakhstan, Altai and the Sayans. In Kazakhstan, this species can be found in Jungara Alatau, Tien Shan, Tarbagatai, Saura, and Altai; formerly was seen at the Karatau ridge. It mostly preys on ibex and argali. The heat time is February April, cubs are born in May June. Its population has decrease because of the initiation of livestock grazing on mountain pastures, poaching, and wild ungulates population shrinkage. This species is protected in Aksu Jabagly and Almaty nature reserves. More nature reserves need to be established in Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan.
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Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: In the world of rare animals. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 718 Serial 584
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Author Kovshar A.F.
Title About representativeness of terrain vertebrate fauna in the Aksu Jabagly nature reserve for the whole West Tien Shan region Type Miscellaneous
Year 2001 Publication (down) Abbreviated Journal
Volume Vol.8. Issue Pages 97-99
Keywords Kazakhstan; Aksu Jabagly nature reserve; mammals; endangered species; snow leopard.; 7380; Russian
Abstract Mammals inhabiting the Aksu Jabagly nature reserve make up 79.6 percent of the whole mammal fauna of the West Tien Shan. The following endangered species live in the area: argali, brown bear, dhole, Turkistan lynx, snow leopard, stone marten, porcupine, and free-toiled bat. Snow leopard deserves a special attention.
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Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Biological diversity of the West Tien Shan (the Kazakhstan part). Proceedings of the Aksu Jabagly state nature reserve. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 716 Serial 583
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Author Kovshar A.F.
Title The conservation of gene pool of rare and endangered animal species in nature reserves of the Kazakh SSR Type Miscellaneous
Year 1984 Publication (down) Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 5-7
Keywords Kazakhstan; endangered species; distribution; protected areas.; 7370; Russian
Abstract Five endangered predatory mammal species are protected in nature reserves of Kazakhstan. Of which snow leopard and stone marten can be met in all mountain nature reserves, while Tien Shan bear and Turkistan lynx in the Alma-Ata and Aksu-Djabagly nature reserves.
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Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Study and protection of wildlife objects. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 715 Serial 582
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Author Yazan Yu.P.
Title The Almaty state nature reserve Type Miscellaneous
Year 1980 Publication (down) Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 162-164
Keywords Kazakhstan; Almaty nature reserve; establishment; climate; physiographic factors; plants; Animals; insects; reptiles; birds; mammals; snow leopard.; 8590; Russian
Abstract History of the Alma-Ata nature reserve establishment, its location physical and geographic data, climate, and vegetation zones are described. Fauna of the protected area is represented by 64 mammal species, and about 200 bird species. Briefly described are behavioural patterns of roe deer, moral, wild boar, Siberian ibex, snow leopard, lynx, brown bear, and marten, and other mammals of the mountainous area.
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Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Nature reserves of the USSR. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 836 Serial 1058
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Author Riddell, M.
Title Newcastle University’s Snow leopard Research Expedition Report: Kazakhstan 2004 Type Report
Year 2004 Publication (down) Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 1-96
Keywords Kazakhstan, Dzhungarian,
Abstract This Newcastle University Expedition reviewed the conflict between man and snow leopard in the region east of Tekeli in the Dzhungarian Alatau range, Kazakhstan. After the soviet state breakup in 1991 snow leopards in Kazakhstan and in the other Asian republics were subjected to high levels of persecution. There are thought to be between 180-200 snow leopards in Kazakhstan, of which 37-40 individuals inhabit the Dzhungarian Mountains. No work has been done previously

to review the present snow leopard-human conflicts in this region, and this project looked to update previous reports from Central Asia about predominant conflicts in these regions.

The expedition team worked with the Institute of Zoology in Kazakhstan and two of the six person team were Kazakh students. Methods comparable to those used in previous studies were used to map and rank the threats in the western area of the range, over an eight week period. The expedition team lived in the mountains for periods of two-three weeks, carrying all their food and equipment and using local vehicles, horses and trekking to move from pasture to pasture. Semi-structured interviews, key informant interviews and prey counts were used to assess snow leopard-human conflicts including poaching of snow leopard, poaching of leopard

wild prey, human disturbance and livestock overgrazing.

The results from the report support much previous work from Kazakhstan and other

areas in Central Asia, but serve as a useful update shedding light on an optimistic future for snow leopard conservation while highlighting what the expedition team perceives to be the major threats to snow leopards.

The threats to snow leopards, in order of relevance from most to least, are loss of prey predominantly through hunting by local people (both legal and illegal), direct hunting of snow leopard for pelt/medicine, disturbance by herders on the pastures, snow leopard habitat fragmentation around the mountain bases, and least importantly overgrazing by domestic livestock. Retaliatory kills by herders are not a threat in the region and on livestock were killed by snow leopards. Levels of all hunting, legal and illegal, need to be reduced in the range until wildlife populations have recovered significantly from the mid-1990’s over-hunting period.

Levels of rural corruption among many stakeholders were high around the mountain region, and are thought to contribute negatively to wildlife conservation in the area. Ecotourism in the area, that incorporates local people around the mountain region, is proposed as a solution to offer local people’s incentives to lower hunting levels.
Address Upper Chesthill Cottage, Glen Lyon, Aberfeldy, Perthshire, PH15 2NH, Scotland
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Publisher Newcastle University Place of Publication Scotland Editor
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Notes Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ Serial 1136
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Author Zinchenko Yu.K.
Title About characteristic of mammal fauna in the Markakol nature reserve Type Miscellaneous
Year 1989 Publication (down) Abbreviated Journal
Volume Part. II. Issue Pages 39-41
Keywords Kazakhstan; Markakol nature reserve; mammals; snow leopard.; 8830; Russian
Abstract 50 mammal species permanently live in the nature reserve. There penetrate snow leopard, wolf, corsac, and wild boar on a relatively regular basis. Moral, roe deer, and elk migrate outside the Markakol depression in winter. Though mentioned in literature as species inhabiting the nature reserve, beaver, stone marten, and dhole are not met there today.
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Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Proceedings of All-Union conference on cadastre and fauna counts. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 860 Serial 1091
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Author Zhiryakov V.A.
Title Snow leopard in the Almaty nature reserve. Short messages about snow leopards Type Miscellaneous
Year 1986 Publication (down) Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 51-54
Keywords Kazakhstan; Almaty nature reserve; snow leopard; preys; ungulates; rodents; ibex; number.; 8790; Russian
Abstract Snow leopard is a common species for the Almaty nature reserve due to numerous wild ungulates, particularly ibexes (about 600 ibexes at a density of 32 animals per 1,000 ha) inhabiting the area. According to the data of 1982 there were 0.5 footprints of snow leopard per 10 km of transect. The remains of ibex, roe deer, squirrel, gray vole mouse and birds were found in faeces of snow leopards. Snow leopard attacks their prey unexpectedly, being in wait for it in such places where prey is difficult to escape from. When hunt is successful the prey is killed almost instantly. Snow leopard feeds upon the same prey for several days.
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Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Rare animals of Kazakhstan. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 856 Serial 1088
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Author Zhiryakov V.A.
Title Ecology and behavior of the Snow leopard in Kazakhstan Type Miscellaneous
Year 2002 Publication (down) Abbreviated Journal
Volume N 1-4. Issue Pages 184-199
Keywords Kazakhstan; distribution; number; density; population size; habitats; marking; Migration; diet; prey species; hunting; faeces; Sex; Age; population dynamics; reproductive activity; competitors; mortality; snow leopard.; 8810; Russian
Abstract The data on spreading, numbers and population density of snow leopard in Kazakhstan are given in this article. The total number of the snow leopard in Kazakhstan is evaluated in 100-110 individuals. The everywhere occurred numbers' reduction under the influence of the anthropogenic factors is observed. The snow leopard' inhabitation area varies from 20 to 120 square kilometers depending on its regions. Sex and composition of the population and its aggregative behavior are given. The dynamics of numbers and mortality are estimated.
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Notes Full text available in Russian.Journal Title: Selevinia. The zoological journal of Kazakhstan. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 858 Serial 1087
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Author Zhiryakov V.A.
Title The Almaty nature reserve Type Miscellaneous
Year 1990 Publication (down) Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 102-114
Keywords Kazakhstan; Almaty nature reserve; location; climate; soils; flora; fauna; snow leopard; number.; 8800; Russian
Abstract It provides general information about the Almatya nature reserve (Kazakhstan), its physico-geographical features and description of flora and fauna. Snow leopard inhabits alpine zone and goes down as low as forest-meadow zone following ibex in winter. There are two or three families of snow leopard in the nature reserve. The population of ibex is 600 700 animals.
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Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Nature reserves of Central Asia and Kazakhstan. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 857 Serial 1086
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