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| Author | Bagchi, S.; Mishra, C.; Bhatnagar, Y. | ||||
| Title | Conflicts between traditional pastoralism and conservation of Himalayan ibex (Capra sibirica) in the Trans-Himalayan mountains | Type | Journal Article | ||
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2004 | Publication | Animal Conservation | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 7 | Issue | Pages | 121-128 | |
| Keywords | conflicts; traditional pastoralism; himalayan ibex; ibex; capra sibirica; trans-himalayan mountains; pin valley national park; spiti region; non-metric multidimensional scaling; snow leopard; wolf; wild dog; Lynx; wild ass; Tibetan argali; Tibetan antelope; Tibetan gazelle; urial; bharal; Pin River; pin valley; Parahio; goat; sheep; Cattle; horses; yaks; donkeys; diet; free-ranging horses; herded horses; grazing; 5290 | ||||
| Abstract | There is recent evidence to suggest that domestic livestock deplete the density and diversity of wild herbivores in the cold deserts of the Trans-Himalaya by imposing resource limitations. To ascertain the degree and nature of threats faced by Himalayan ibex (Capra sibirica) from seven livestock species, we studied their resource use patterns over space, habitat and food dimensions in the pastures of Pin Valley National Park in the Spiti region of the Indian Himalaya. Species diet profiles were obtained by direct observations. We assessed the similarity in habitat use and diets of ibex and livestock using Non-Metric Multidimensional Scaling. We estimated the influence of the spatial distribution of livestock on habitat and diet choice of ibex by examining their co-occurrence patterns in cells overlaid on the pastures. The observed co-occurrence of ibex and livestock in cells was compared with null-models generated through Monte Carlo simulations. The results suggest that goats and sheep impose resource limitations on ibex and exclude them from certain pastures. In the remaining suitable habitat, ibex share forage with horses. Ibex remained relatively unaffected by other livestock such as yaks, donkeys and cattle. However, most livestock removed large amounts of forage from the pastures (nearly 250 kg of dry matter/day by certain species), thereby reducing forage availability for ibex. Pertinent conservation issues are discussed in the light of multiple-use of parks and current socio-economic transitions in the region, which call for integrating social and ecological feedback into management planning. | ||||
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| Notes | Document Type: English | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 514 | Serial | 106 | ||
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| Author | Mishra, C.; Van Wieren S.; Ketner, P.; Heitkonig, I.; Prins H. | ||||
| Title | Competition between domestic livestock and wild bharal Pseudois nayaur in the Indian Trans-Himalaya | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year |
2004 | Publication | Journal of Animal Ecology | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 73 | Issue | Pages | 344-354 | |
| Keywords | blue sheep,diet,grazing,rangeland,resource,ungulate,wildlife; 5320 | ||||
| Abstract | 1. The issue of competition between livestock and wild herbivores has remained contentious. We studied the diets and population structures of the mountain ungulate bharal Pseudois nayaur and seven species of livestock to evaluate whether or not they compete for forage. The study was conducted in the high altitude Spiti Valley, Indian Trans-Himalaya. 2. We compared resource (forage) availability and bharal population structures between rangelands differing in livestock density. Forage availability was estimated by clipping the standing graminoid biomass in sample plots. Livestock and bharal population structures were quantified through annual censuses. Seasonal diets of livestock were studied by direct observations, while those of bharal were quantified through feeding signs on vegetation. 3. We found that livestock grazing causes a significant reduction in the standing crop of forage. Graminoid availability per unit livestock biomass was three times greater in a moderately grazed rangeland compared with an intensively grazed one. 4. There was considerable diet overlap among the herbivore species. In summer, bharal, yak Bos grunniens, horse Equus caballus, cow Bos indicus, and dzomo (yak-cow hybrids) fed predominantly on graminoids, while donkey E. asinus, sheep Ovis aries, and goat Capra hircus, consumed both graminoids and herbs. The summer diet of bharal was a subset of the diets of three livestock species. In winter, depleted graminoid availability caused bharal, yak and horse to consume relatively more herbs, while the remaining livestock species fed predominantly on graminoids. Diet overlap was less in winter but, in both seasons, all important forage species in the bharal diet were consumed in substantial amounts by one or more species of livestock. 5. Comparison of the population structures of bharal between two rangelands differing in livestock density by c. 30% yielded evidence of resource competition. In the intensively grazed rangeland, bharal density was 63% lower, and bharal population showed poorer performance (lower young : adult female ratios). 6.Synthesis and applications High diet overlap between livestock and bharal, together with density-dependent forage limitation, results in resource competition and a decline in bharal density. Under the present conditions of high livestock density and supplemental feeding, restricting livestock numbers and creating livestockfree areas are necessary measures for conserving Trans-Himalayan wild herbivores. Mediating competitive effects on bharal through supplemental feeding is not a feasible option. |
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 517 | Serial | 695 | ||
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| Author | Mishra, C.; Fitzherbert, A. | ||||
| Title | War and wildlife: a post-conflict assessment of Afghanistan's Wakhan Corridor | Type | Journal Article | ||
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2004 | Publication | Oryx | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 38 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 102-105 |
| Keywords | Afghanistan; fur trade; human-wildlife conflict; hunting; Lynx; marco polo sheep; snow leopard; Wakhan; wolf; 5270 | ||||
| Abstract | Prior to the last two decades of conflict, Afghanistan's Wakhan Corridor was considered an important area for conservation of the wildlife of high altitudes. We conducted an assessment of the status of large mammals in Wakhan after 22 years of conflict, and also made a preliminary assessment of wildlife trade in the markets of Kabul, Faizabad and Ishkashem. The survey confirmed the continued occurrence of at least eight species of large mammals in Wakhan, of which the snow leopard Uncia uncia and Marco Polo sheep Ovis ammon are globally threatened. We found evidence of human-wildlife conflict in Wakhan due to livestock depredation by snow leopard and wolf Canis lupus. Large mammals are hunted for meat, sport, fur, and in retaliation against livestock depredation. The fur trade in Kabul is a threat to the snow leopard, wolf, lynx Lynx lynx and common leopard Panthera pardus. |
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| Notes | Document Type: English | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 512 | Serial | 694 | ||
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| Author | Mishra, C.; Allen, P.; McCarthy, T.; Madhusudan, M.D.; Agvaantserengiin, B.; Prins H. | ||||
| Title | The role of incentive programs in conserving the snow leopard | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
| Year |
2003 | Publication | Conservation Biology | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 17 | Issue | Pages | 1512-1520 | |
| Keywords | Central Asia; community; conservation; herder; incentive program; India; livestock; Mongolia; pastoralists; poaching; retaliatory killing; snow leopard; Uncia uncia | ||||
| Abstract | Pastoralists and their livestock share much of the habitat of the snow leopard (Uncia uncia) across south and central Asia. The levels of livestock predation by the snow leopard and other carnivores are high, and retaliatory killing by the herders is a direct threat to carnivore populations. Depletion of wild prey by poaching and competition from livestock also poses an indirect threat to the region's carnivores. Conservationists working in these underdeveloped areas that face serious economic damage from livestock losses have turned to incentive programs to motivate local communities to protect carnivores. We describe a pilot incentive program in India that aims to offset losses due to livestock predation and to enhance wild prey density by creating livestock-free areas on common land. We also describe how income generation from handicrafts in Mongolia is helping curtail poaching and retaliatory killing of snow leopards. However, initiatives to offset the costs of living with carnivores and to make conservation beneficial to affected people have thus far been small, isolated, and heavily subsidized. Making these initiatives more comprehensive, expanding their coverage, and internalizing their costs are future challenged for the conservation of large carnivores such as the snow leopard. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 904 | Serial | 693 | ||
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| Author | Bagchi, S., Mishra, C., Bhatnagar, Y.V., McCarthy, T. | ||||
| Title | Out of Steppe? Pastoralism and ibex conservation in Spiti. | Type | Report | ||
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2002 | Publication | CERC Technical Report No. 7 | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | Issue | Pages | |||
| Keywords | steppe, snow leopard, pastoral, conservation, ibex, Spiti, India | ||||
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| Corporate Author | Nature Conservation Foundation, India; Wildlife Institute of India, International Snow Leopard Trust, Seattle | Thesis | |||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ | Serial | 1274 | ||
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| Author | Mishra, C.; Madhusudan, M.D. | ||||
| Title | An Incentive Scheme for Wildlife Conservation in the Indian Trans-Himalaya | Type | Conference Article | ||
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2002 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
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| Keywords | snow; leopard; asia; south; central; uncia; depredation; livestock; India; Himalaya; Himalayan; conservation; prey; density; 5010 | ||||
| Abstract | The habitat of the snow leopard Uncia uncia across South and Central Asia is subject to extensive pastoral use. Levels of livestock depredation by the snow leopard and other carnivores in the region are high, and often provokes retaliatory killing by the herders. This direct threat to large carnivores is further aggravated by a depletion of wild prey due to poaching and out-competition by livestock. In this paper, we describe a pilot project in the Indian Trans-Himalaya, which uses an incentive scheme to create areas free from livestock grazing on community-owned land, thereby fostering conservation commitment among local pastoralists, as well as contributing directly to an enhancement of wild prey density. |
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| Notes | Title, Monographic: Proceedings of the Snow Leopard Survival SummitPlace of Meeting: Seattle,WA | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 487 | Serial | 692 | ||
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| Author | Mishra, C. | ||||
| Title | Socio-economic transition and wildlife conservation in the Indian Trans-Himalaya | Type | Journal Article | ||
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2000 | Publication | Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 97 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 25-32 |
| Keywords | economics; economy; conservation; Himalaya; trans-himalaya; India; Ladakh; browse; transhimalaya; 1940 | ||||
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| Notes | Document Type: English | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 388 | Serial | 691 | ||
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| Author | Mishra, C.; Rawat, G.S. | ||||
| Title | Livestock grazing and Biodiversity Conservation: Comments on Saberwal | Type | Journal Article | ||
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1998 | Publication | Conservation Biology | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 12 | Issue | Pages | 25-32 | |
| Keywords | conservation; Saberwal; biodiversity; livestock; grazing; predator; prey; browse; 1950 | ||||
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| Notes | Document Type: English | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 341 | Serial | 690 | ||
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| Author | Mishra, C. | ||||
| Title | Livestock depredation by large carnivores in the Indian trans-Himalaya: Conflict perceptions and conservation prospects | Type | Journal Article | ||
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1997 | Publication | Environmental Conservation | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 24 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 338-343 |
| Keywords | canis lupis; carnivore; conflict; human-wildlife conflict; India; livestock; livestock depredation; snow leopard; trans-himalaya; Uncia uncia; wolf | ||||
| Abstract | Livestock depredation by the snow leopard, Uncia uncia, and the wolf, Canis lupus, has resulted in a human-wildlife conflict that hinders the conservation of these globally-threatened species throughout their range. This paper analyses the alleged economic loss due to livestock depredation by these carnivores, and the retaliatory responses of an agro-pastoral community around Kibber Wildlife Sanctuary in the Indian trans-Himalaya. The three villages studied (80 households) attributed a total of 189 livestock deaths (18% of the livestock holding) over a period of 18 months to wild predators, and this would amount to a loss per household equivalent to half the average annual per capita income. The financial compensation received by the villagers from the Government amounted to 3% of the perceived annual loss. Recent intensification of the conflict seems related to a 37.7% increase in livestock holding in the last decade. Villagers have been killing the wolf, though apparently not the snow leopard. A self-financed compensation scheme, and modification of existing livestock pens are suggested as area-specific short-term measures to reduce the conflict. The need to address the problem of increasing livestock holding in the long run is emphasized. | ||||
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| Notes | Document Type: English | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 333 | Serial | 689 | ||
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| Author | Sharma, R. K., Bhatnagar, Y. V., Mishra, C. | ||||
| Title | Does livestock benefit or harm snow leopards? | Type | Journal Article | ||
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201 | Publication | Biological Conservatio | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | Issue | 190 | Pages | 8-13 | |
| Keywords | Panthera uncia, Trans-Himalaya, Pastoralism, Large carnivores, Livestock grazing, Co-existence | ||||
| Abstract | Large carnivores commonly prey on livestock when their ranges overlap. Pastoralism is the dominant land use type across the distributional range of the endangered snow leopard Panthera uncia. Snow leop- ards are often killed in retaliation against livestock depredation. Whether livestock, by forming an alter- native prey, could potentially benefit snow leopards, or, whether livestock use of an area is detrimental to snow leopards is poorly understood. We examined snow leopard habitat use in a multiple use landscape that was comprised of sites varying in livestock abundance, wild prey abundance and human population size. We photographically sampled ten sites (average size 70 sq. km) using ten camera traps in each site, deployed for a period of 60 days. Snow leopard habitat use was computed as a Relative Use Index based on the total independent photographic captures and the number of snow leopard individuals captured at each site. We quantified livestock abundance, wild prey abundance, human population size and terrain ruggedness in each of the sites. Key variables influencing snow leopard habitat use were identified using Information Theory based model selection approach. Snow leopard habitat use was best explained by wild prey density, and showed a positive linear relationship with the abundance of wild ungulates. We found a hump-shaped relationship between snow leopard habitat use and livestock stocking density, with an initial increase in habitat use followed by a decline beyond a threshold of livestock density. Our results suggest that in the absence of direct persecution of snow leopards, livestock grazing and snow leopard habitat use are potentially compatible up to a certain threshold of livestock density, beyond which habitat use declines, presumably due to depressed wild ungulate abundance and associated anthropogenic disturbance. | ||||
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| Call Number | SLN @ rakhee @ | Serial | 1426 | ||
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