|
|
Kuznetsov B.A. (1975). The cats – Felidae (Vol. Part 3.).
Abstract: An identification table for genus and species of Felidae family of USSR is given. Snow leopard Panthera uncia (Schreher) described for Pamir, Tien Shan, Altai and mountains of Tuva.
|
|
|
|
Zhirnov L.V. (1975). Extinct mammals of the USSR fauna and their distribution over natural zones.
Abstract: 18 taxons of rare and endangered mammals of the USSR are distributed over natural zones such as deserts and semi-deserts including riverine forests and elevations; mountains and highlands; forests and forest-steppe; and offshore strips of closed seas. A majority of endangered species is associated with deserts and mountains of Central Asia and Kazakhstan.
|
|
|
|
Abzalov A.A. (1976). Principles of the nature reserve establishment in Uzbekistan.
Abstract: It provides a brief description of nature reserves network in Uzbekistan: Karakul and Vardanza (in desert); Chatkal, Zaamin, Nurata, and Kyzylsu (in mountains); Aralpaigambar, Kyzylkum, Badaitugai, Zeravshan (riverine forests). Snow leopard is protected in the Chatkal, Zaamin, and Kizilsu nature reserves.
|
|
|
|
Sapozhnikov G.N. (1976). Wild sheep in Tajikistan.
Abstract: The monograph provides data concerning taxonomy, morphology, and age variability of wild sheep. There described distribution, number, population composition, behavioral patterns, reproduction, predators and parasites. Besides, a matter of conservation and sustainable use of the species is discussed. Together with wolf, snow leopard is called an enemy of O. o. vignei and argali (O. o. polii).
|
|
|
|
Sokov A.I. (1976). About rare carnivores of Tajikistan.
Abstract: The data on distribution of 10 species of rare carnivores in Tajikistan are given. Uncia uncia uncia inhabits in high mountain regions of Central Tajikistan and Mountain-Badakhshan province. Tajikistan has banned the hunting of snow leopard since 1968. Author proposes to establish of nature reserves in Eastern Pamir in Aksay and Modur, in basin of Istyk river as well as in area from Matcha village to Zeravshan glacier including Southern Turkestan ridge and Northern Zeravshan ridge for purpose of snow leopard conservation.
|
|
|
|
Vereschagin N.K., S. T. B. (1976). Rare mammals in the USSR: protection challenges.
Abstract: A group of rare and endangered species was segregated within the game and non-game mammals of the USSR. Some species in the group were formerly referred to game species. But due to over-hunting and the absence of measures aimed at their reproduction the population dropped sharply. Mammal fauna of the USSR includes more than 80 species that require special protection. The Red list of IUCN includes, among the others, white bear, Transcaucasian sub-species of brown bear, Amur and Turan tigers, snow leopard, Caucasian and Amur leopards, caracal, cheetah, Tien-Shan and Ussuri sub-species of dhole, Atlantic walrus, island seal, kulan, Bukhara red deer, New Land reindeer, goitered gazelle, Menzbier's marmot.
|
|
|
|
Razmakhnin V.E. (1977). Siberian wild ibex.
Abstract: It provides a detailed description of biology, distribution, geographic variability, behavior, and locomotion features of ibex in the USSR. Its population was defined as 100,000 animals, main enemies being wolf, snow leopard, and golden eagle. Wolf mainly preys on ibex at the end of winter; old males, weakened during the heat mostly becoming a prey. Snow leopards prey on ibexes all year round. Golden eagles mostly prey on young ibexes.
|
|
|
|
Yanushevich A.I. (1977). To be protected by the Red Data Book.
Abstract: The Red Data Book of the USSR includes 111 mammal species and 67 bird species. The following species inhabit or from time to time come into Kyrgyzstan: free-toiled bat, Menzbier's marmot, red dog, Tien Shan brown bear, marbled polecat, Central Asia otter, Turkistan lynx, manul, snow leopard, antelope, Tien-Shan wild sheep, and bison; Dalmatian pelican, rose pelican, black stork, flamingo, bar-headed goose, white-headed duck, osprey, short-toed eagle, tawny eagle, imperial eagle, golden eagle, white-tailed eagle, Pallas's sea eagle, bearded vulture, Himallayan griffon, Sociable plover, Saker falcon, Peregrine falcon, great bustard, houbara, little bustard, etc.
|
|
|
|
(1978). Miraki Reservation, Chatkal Reservation.
Abstract: It describes history of the Miraki and Chatkal nature reserves' establishment and provides data concerning area, landscapes, altitude zoning, flora and fauna as well as natural monuments.
|
|
|
|
Alibekov L.A. (1978). Fauna.
Abstract: Represented is fauna of big salt-marsh valleys and pre-Kyzylkum area, a tier of low desert foothill valleys, tiers of lowland ridges, deeply cut hillside midlands, and cold highlands of the watershed ridge-top tier in the Jizak region of Uzbekistan. The highest tier of the Jizak region, a habitat of snow leopard, Menzbier's marmot, Siberian ibex, sometimes wild Tajik sheep coming from the East, bear ascending from lower elevations, and wolf in summer, has the most adverse living conditions. Central Asia argali and stone marten inhabit in central part of the North Nurata ridge.
|
|
|
|
Esipov V.M. (1978). The nature reserve in the spurs of Tien Shan (Vol. Vol.8.).
Abstract: The Chatkal state mountain forest nature reserve is located in western spurs of the Chatkal ridge. The permanent inhabitants of the nature reserve are ibex, wild boar, roe-deer, bear, badger, porcupine, stone marten, fox, ermine, Menzbier's marmot, and relict suslik (gopher), and bird species such as gray partridge, snow-cock, black vulture, griffon vulture, etc. Under special protection are rare animal and bird species such as snow leopard, Menzbier's marmot, bearded vulture, golden eagle, etc.
|
|
|
|
Ishunin G.I. (1978). Nature reserves and sanctuaries in Uzbekistan.
Abstract: The protected area network in Uzbekistan is represented by 12 nature reserves (with total area of 254,000 ha) and nine sanctuaries (with total area of 217,837 ha). Protected territories and waters are divided into three types: desert, mountain, and floodplain lakes. Snow leopard is met in the Chatkal, Kizilsu, Miraka, and Zaamin nature reserves and Akbulak sanctuary.
|
|
|
|
Kaletskiy A. (1978). They must live (Vol. N 11.).
Abstract: Among large predators included in the Red Data Book of the USSR and Red List of IUCN the author describes snow leopard. A population of snow leopard in the USSR is estimated to be 500 animals, and no more than 1,000 in the world. In the past, irbis was believed to be a harmful animal and hunting for this species was encouraged. Today, population of the predator is reducing because of poaching and decreasing number of species it preys on such as ibex, wild sheep, wild boar, and marmots. The situation is exacerbated by biological features of this species first of all its slow rate of reproduction. It is concluded that snow leopard needs urgent protection measures since the species is on the verge of disappearance.
|
|
|
|
Elkin K.F. (1979). Predatory mammals in the Eastern Kazakhstan.
Abstract: There are 20 predatory mammal species in eastern Kazakhstan, three of which disappeared (tiger, dhole, raccoon), five are endangered (snow leopard, wild cat, manul, marbled polecat, and stone marten). Snow leopard is not met in the South Altai and Tarbagatai each year.
|
|
|
|
Esipov V.M. (1979). Chatkal mountain-forest nature reserve.
Abstract: It described history of the Chatkal nature, flora and fauna, scientific and conservation activities. Snow leopard, brown bear, Menzbier's marmot, golden eagle, snake-eagle and lammergeyer inhabited in nature reserve. These species included in Red data book.
|
|
|
|
Ishunin G.I. (1979). A problem of original fauna conservation in Uzbekistan.
Abstract: Fauna of Uzbekistan is represented by species being common for south deserts (Indian honey badger, striped hyena, cheetah, caracal), tugai forest (riverine forest) (Bukhara deer, jackal, chaus, tiger), Palaearctic steppes (corsac, steppe polecat, marbled polecat, steppe cat, saiga), deserts of Africa and Middle East (sand cat, tridactylous African jerboa) and steppes of Central Asia (dhole, snow leopard, ibex). There are many foxes, large susliks, and muskrats there. Before hunting was prohibited a very few animals belonging to rare species such as bear, otter, leopard, snow leopard, lynx, roe deer, Bukhara deer, markhor, Asian moufflon, argali, Menzbier's marmot, and sometimes honey badger, caracal, manul, and cheetah, were shot.
|
|
|
|
Satimbekov R. (1979). Nature reserves of Kazakhstan and protection of rare predatory animal species.
Abstract: There are 20 snow leopards in the Aksu-Djabagly nature reserve, and three four families in the Alma-Ata nature reserve. Single snow leopards are known to be met in the Markakol nature reserve.
|
|
|
|
An E.S. (1980). The Chatkal Mountain Forest State Nature Reserve. The Kyzylsu Mountain Juniperous State Nature Reserve. The Miraki State Nature Reserve.
Abstract: It describes natural conditions, area, flora and fauna of the three mountain nature reserves in Uzbekistan: Chatkal, Kyzylsu, and Miraki. Siberian mountain ibex, roe deer, wild boar, Turkistan lynx, Tien Shan brown bear, fox, stone marten, Menzbier's marmot, porcupine, ermine, and Tien Shan souslik inhabit the Chatkal nature reserve. Snow leopard can be found in a top rocky part of the ridge. In the Kyzylsu nature reserve, there are 23 mammal species including, among the others, white-clawed bear, snow leopard, Iranian otter, Turkistan lynx, wild-boar, badger, porcupine, long-tailed marmot, hare-tolai, stone marten, Pamiri shrew, and ibex; in the Miraki nature reserve snow leopard, white-clawed bear, ibex, wolf, fox, porcupine, long-tailed marmot, hare-talai, forest dormouse, red pica, and a number of Red Data Book bird species are protected.
|
|
|
|
Chumakova A.V. (1980). The Kyzylsu, Miraki, and Markakol nature reserves.
Abstract: A description of the Kyzylsu, Miraki, and Markakol nature reserves is given and includes as follows: data of establishment, location, physic and geographic description, types of soils, climate, vegetation, altitude zones, and fauna. In the Kyzylsu nature reserve there are 28 mammal species; in Miraki 23, and in Mirkakol 39. Snow leopard can be found in all the three nature reserves.
|
|
|
|
Persianova L.A. (1980). About the Red Book listing rare and endangered animal and plant species.
Abstract: The Red Book includes data of rare and endangered fauna and flora species. The species are sub-divided into five categories by threat. Volume 1 of the Red Book of the Uzbek SSR includes 22 mammal species, 31 bird species, five reptile and five fish species. Among them there are endemic species and species included in the International Red list. Snow leopard is referred to a category of endangered species.
|
|
|
|
Rashek V.A. (1980). The Chatkal State nature reserve. Aksu Jabagly nature reserve.
Abstract: It describes history of the Chatkal and Aksu Jabagly nature reserves' establishment and provides data concerning hydrography, soils, climate, landscapes, altitude zoning, flora and fauna, and main aspects of scientific work.
|
|
|
|
Yazan Yu.P. (1980). The Almaty state nature reserve.
Abstract: History of the Alma-Ata nature reserve establishment, its location physical and geographic data, climate, and vegetation zones are described. Fauna of the protected area is represented by 64 mammal species, and about 200 bird species. Briefly described are behavioural patterns of roe deer, moral, wild boar, Siberian ibex, snow leopard, lynx, brown bear, and marten, and other mammals of the mountainous area.
|
|
|
|
Artykbaev P.K. (1981). Fauna.
Abstract: Uzbekistan's fauna includes 97 mammal species (insectivorous six species, Cheiroptera 20, hare type species 2, rodents 37, ungulates 8); 379 bird species, of which 184 are passerine; 58 reptile species; 69 fish species. Species inhabiting sand deserts, clay deserts, and mountains are listed. The following mammal species inhabit the alpine zone: bear, snow leopard, ermine, weasel, wolf, Siberian mountain ibex, wild sheep, Menzbier's marmot and long-tailed marmot, voles, red pica. The following game species are listed in the Red Book: bear, leopard, lynx, snow leopard, cheetah, caracal, otter, marbled polecat, goitered gazelle, Bukhara deer, marchor, and wild sheep (there are two wild sheep sub-species in the country Bukhara and Kizilkum wild sheep).
|
|
|
|
Frolov M.V. (1981). About establishment of the Dashti-Djum nature reserve in Tajikistan.
Abstract: The Dashti-Djum nature reserve is suggested to be established in an area of the Darvaza and Khazratishah ridges a habitat of markhor, ibex, long-tailed marmot, etc. Snow leopard and brawn bear are also found at some parts of the planned nature reserve.
|
|
|
|
Sosnovskiy I.P. (1981). Backstage of the Zoo.
Abstract: It describes the Moscow Zoo services organization in a popular form; examples from every day work of the technical staff and zoo technical and veterinary service, animals' behaviour outside the cages are given.
|
|
