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Author Koshkarev, E.; Vyrypaev, V. url 
  Title The snow leopard after the break-up of the Soviet Union Type Journal Article
  Year (up) 2000 Publication Cat News Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 32 Issue Pages 9-11  
  Keywords Ussr; Soviet-Union; survival; Extermination; endanger; poaching; Sociology; Russia; snow-leopard; browse; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; ecomomics; politics; herders; unting; trading; furs; pelts; agriculture; 40  
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  Notes Full text at URLDocument Type: English Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 378 Serial 566  
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Author Koshkarev, E. url 
  Title What Has Happened to the Snow Leopard After the Break-Up of Soviet Union? Type Journal Article
  Year (up) 2000 Publication Snow Line Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Xvi Issue Pages  
  Keywords Kyrgyzstan; Tadzhikistan; Russia; Soviet-Union; Ussr; Uzbekistan; Kazakhstan; poaching; hunting; capturing; pelts; skins; coats; furs; trade; status; distribution; bones; medicine; conservation; kazakstan; Tajikistan; browse; soviet; union; 4050  
  Abstract  
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  Notes Full Text at URLEvgeniy Koshkarev, member of the Conservation Advisory Board of theInternational Snow Leopard TrustVitaly Vyrypaev, member of Asia-Irbis, International Research Group (this research was supported by Kathleen Braden, Valerie Trueblood, Bonnie and Dick Robbins (USA), Sacred Earth Network (USA), NABU (Germany). Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 380 Serial 567  
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Author Kreuzberg, E.; Esipov, A.; Bykova, E.; Vashetko, E. url 
  Title Number, Distribution and Status of Habitats for Snow Leopard in Gissar Nature Reserve and Neighboring Areas Type Miscellaneous
  Year (up) 2000 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume xvi Issue Pages 4  
  Keywords Uzbekistan; Gissar; habitat; distribution; status; field-study; research; surveys; poaching; hunting; grazing; livestock; browse; 4440  
  Abstract  
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  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Islt Place of Publication Seattle, Wa Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Full text at URLJournal Title: Snow Line Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 432 Serial 595  
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Author Lepcha, R.; Bhutia, C. url 
  Title Environmental Education in Sikkim Type Miscellaneous
  Year (up) 2000 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume xvii Issue Pages 5  
  Keywords education; teaching; training; Islt; conservation; schools; Sikkim; web-of-life; Himalaya; India; browse; 4450  
  Abstract  
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  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Islt Place of Publication Seattle Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Full Text at URLJournal Title: Snow Line Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 433 Serial 614  
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Author Matyushkin, E.N. url 
  Title Tracks and tracking techniques in studies of large carnivorous mammals Type Journal Article
  Year (up) 2000 Publication Zoologichesky Zhurnal Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 79 Issue (4) Pages 412-429  
  Keywords Lynx; Scent-Marking; Organization; population; behavior; Felidae; Forest; Russia; tracking; pug marks; scent; marking; browse; 60; Russian  
  Abstract In Russia, traditions of track observations and the use of tracking techniques in studying the ecology and behavior of mammals were founded by A.N. Formozov. An analytic review of his data on large carnivorous mammals (tiger, snow leopard, wolf, brown bear, wolverine, and others) is given. A special detailed observation of animals' tracks as a source of information on their life is shown only to start. The efficiency of track observations in various fields of studies, including counting animals, is estimated. The values of day and night distances for various animal species, given in literature, have never been properly substantiated methodically. The tracking method is the most effective in studying the use of the home range by animals, drawing the network of their movements and scent-marking behavior. The hunting behavior of large predators in dense forests is can only be deduced by observing their tracks. In some cases, the use of tracking has a distinct advantage over radio tracking. The main propositions are illustrated by the materials of the author obtained in various Russian regions (in forests of the northern Russian Plain and southern Far east) for 1958-1998.  
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  Notes Document Type: Russian Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 391 Serial 652  
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Author McCarthy, T. url 
  Title Snow Leopard Conservation Comes of Age Type Miscellaneous
  Year (up) 2000 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords Mongolia; snow-leopard-conservation-plan; slcp; conservation; knitting-for-snow-leopards; education; herders; conflict; livestock; prey; David-Shepard-Conservation-Foundation; WWF-Mongolia; browse; snow; leopard; plan; knitting; foundation; Dscf; Wwf; 3860  
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  Notes Full Text at URL Published in Cat News, 2000 Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 382 Serial 661  
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Author McCarthy, T. pdf  url
  Title Snow Leopards in Mongolia Type Miscellaneous
  Year (up) 2000 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords Mongolia; distribution; status; irbis; irbis-enterprises; herders; livestock; economy; conservation; gobi; habitat; Disease; depredation; conflict; predator; prey; hunting; poaching; skins; pelts; coats; furs; bones; trade; Macne; habitat-fragmentation; browse; enterprises; fragmentation; habitat fragmentation; 4090  
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  Notes Full Text at URL Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 383 Serial 662  
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Author Mishra, C. url 
  Title Socio-economic transition and wildlife conservation in the Indian Trans-Himalaya Type Journal Article
  Year (up) 2000 Publication Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 97 Issue 1 Pages 25-32  
  Keywords economics; economy; conservation; Himalaya; trans-himalaya; India; Ladakh; browse; transhimalaya; 1940  
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  Notes Document Type: English Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 388 Serial 691  
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Author International Snow Leopard Trust url 
  Title Snow Leopard News Autumn/ Winter 2000 Type Miscellaneous
  Year (up) 2000 Publication Snow Leopard News Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords McCarthy; Mongolia; field-work; surveys; collars; habitat; research; home-ranges; tourism; parks; preserves; reserves; Islt; Nepal; women; conservation; awareness; herders; crafts; livestock; pelts; furs; bones; hunting; incentives; browse; 4370  
  Abstract  
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  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Islt Place of Publication Seattle, Wa Editor  
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  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
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  Notes Full Text at URLTable of Contents:1. Dr. Tom McCarhty Joins ISLT Team2.Community Based Tourism3.Women and Snow Leopard Conservation4.Taking Stock in Snow Leopard Conservation5.Saving the Snow Leopard with Knitting Needles Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 425 Serial 928  
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Author International Snow Leopard Trust url 
  Title Snow Leopard News Summer 2000 Type Miscellaneous
  Year (up) 2000 Publication Snow Leopard News Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords Woodland-Park-Zoo; seattle; cubs; McCarthy; Allen; volunteer; Peter-Mathiessen; Chitrol-Gol; Pakistan; livestock; predator; prey; killing; Haleem; field-study; research; corraling; villagers; herders; browse; 4380  
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  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Islt Place of Publication Seattle, WA Editor  
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  Notes Full Text at URLTable of Contents1.Woodland Park Zoo Society Awards $65,000 Challenge Grant to ISLT2.ISLT Completes Search for Conservation Director and Program Officer3.Volunteer Needed4.News and Notes5.Donate to ISLT on the Internet without Spending a Cent6.Seven Snow Leopards Spotted in Chitral Gol National Park in Pakistan Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 426 Serial 929  
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Author International Snow Leopard Trust url 
  Title Snow Leopard News Spring 2000 Type Miscellaneous
  Year (up) 2000 Publication Snow Leopard News Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords Rutherford; Freeman; Morse; Jackson; Hillard; Natural-Partnerships-Program; Pakistan; Islt; Slims; training; Chitrol-Gol; parks; preserves; reserves; protected-areas; surveys; Hemis; Conflict-Resolution-Workshop; conflict; herders; leh; Jammu; Kashmir; Ladakh; corrals; predator; prey; livestock; depradation; human-wildlife-conflict; Uzbekistan; Gissar; Peace-Corps; Mongolia; Macne; fiction; populations; browse; 4390  
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  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Islt Place of Publication Seattle, Wa Editor  
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  Notes Full Text at URLTable of Contents1.Transitions at the Trust2.Message From ISLT Founder Helen Freeman and President Charles Morse3.Jakson and Hillard to Leave ISLT for New Pursuits4. News and Notes5. ISLT's Natural Partnerships Program6.Thoughts from a Snow Leopard7. Snow Leopards, Local People,and Livestock losses: Solutions through Paticipation8.U.S. Peace Corps and ISLT Team Up in Mongolia Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 427 Serial 930  
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Author International Snow Leopard Trust url 
  Title Villagers Release Captured Snow Leopard Type Miscellaneous
  Year (up) 2000 Publication Snow Line Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 1  
  Keywords Jamalabad; Pakistan; herders; livstock; Wwf; Khunjerab livestock; predation; conflict; Islt; browse; 4470  
  Abstract  
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  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Islt Place of Publication Seattle Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
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  Notes Full Text at URLJournal Title: Snow Line Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 435 Serial 931  
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Author Sundberg, J.P.; Van Ranst, M.; Montali, R.; Homer, B.L.; Miller, W.H.; Rowland, P.H.; Scott, D.W.; England, J.J.; Dunstan, R.W.; Mikaelian, I.; Jenson, A.B. url 
  Title Feline papillomas and papillomaviruses Type Journal Article
  Year (up) 2000 Publication Vet Pathol Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 37 Issue 1 Pages 1-10  
  Keywords Animal; Antibodies; Monoclonal; Carnivora; pathology; virology; Cats; Dna; Viral; chemistry; Epitope; Mapping; veterinary; Female; Immunohistochemistry; Lions; Male; Microscopy; Electron; Papilloma; Papillomavirus; Papovaviridae; Infections; skin; neoplasms; Tongue; browse; 120  
  Abstract Papillomaviruses (PVs) are highly species- and site-specific pathogens of stratified squamous epithelium. Although PV infections in the various Felidae are rarely reported, we identified productive infections in six cat species. PV-induced proliferative skin or mucous membrane lesions were confirmed by immunohistochemical screening for papillomavirus-specific capsid antigens. Seven monoclonal antibodies, each of which reacts with an immunodominant antigenic determinant of the bovine papillomavirus L1 gene product, revealed that feline PV capsid epitopes were conserved to various degrees. This battery of monoclonal antibodies established differential expression patterns among cutaneous and oral PVs of snow leopards and domestic cats, suggesting that they represent distinct viruses. Clinically, the lesions in all species and anatomic sites were locally extensive and frequently multiple. Histologically, the areas of epidermal hyperplasia were flat with a similarity to benign tumors induced by cutaneotropic, carcinogenic PVs in immunosuppressed human patients. Limited restriction endonuclease analyses of viral genomic DNA confirmed the variability among three viral genomes recovered from available frozen tissue. Because most previous PV isolates have been species specific, these studies suggest that at least eight different cat papillomaviruses infect the oral cavity (tentative designations: Asian lion, Panthera leo, P1PV; snow leopard, Panthera uncia, PuPV-1; bobcat, Felis rufus, FrPV; Florida panther, Felis concolor, FcPV; clouded leopard, Neofelis nebulosa, NnPV; and domestic cat, Felis domesticus, FdPV-2) or skin (domestic cat, F. domesticus, FdPV-1; and snow leopard, P. uncia, PuPV-2).  
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  ISSN 0300-9858 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes Document Type: eng Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 385 Serial 948  
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Author Watanabe, M.; Sugano, S.; Togashi, T.; Imai, J.; Uchida, K.; Yamaguchi, R.; Tateyama, S. url 
  Title Molecular cloning and phylogenetic analysis of canine beta-casein Type Journal Article
  Year (up) 2000 Publication DNA Seq Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 11 Issue 3-4 Pages 295-300  
  Keywords browse; 390  
  Abstract A canine beta-casein cDNA was isolated from mammary tissue by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using degenerate primers. It encodes 250 amino acids protein containing the conserved sequence motif of beta- casein. It showed the highest homology with snow-leopard (Uncia uncia (55-62% identity). It also showed 44-53% identity with human, 33-42%, identity with mouse, 29-37%, identity with rat, 43-53% identity with rabbit, 41-48% identity with pig, 44-51% identity with cattle and 44- 50% identity with sheep. A 1.2-kb mRNA was detected in mammary tissue by Northern blot analysis. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that canine beta-casein formed a branch with lesser panda and snow leopard, which were grouped into carnivore.  
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  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1042-5179 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes Document Type: eng Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 386 Serial 1010  
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Author Allen, P. url 
  Title Irbis Enterprises: A Project of the International Snow Leopard Trust Type Miscellaneous
  Year (up) 2001 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 6 Issue 1 Pages 1-3  
  Keywords Islt; irbis-enterprises; irbis; income; herders; incentive; grazing; limitations; poaching; prey; resentment; livestock; wool; cashmere; conservation; tolerance; predation; education; browse; 4320  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Columbus Zoo and Aquarium Editor  
  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
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  Notes Full Text at URLJournal Title: The Conservationist Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 420 Serial 66  
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Author Lama, T.T. url 
  Title Snow Leopard Conservation Annual Progress Report Type Report
  Year (up) 2001 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords Nepal; conservation; Iunc; Wwf; management; Islt; field-study; field; study; Kanchenjunga; annapurna; parks; preserves; reserves; protected-area; habitat; workshops; monitoring; browse; 4170; snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard; status; Report  
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  Notes Full text available at URLAuthor Role: Program OfficerAuthor Affiliation: WWF Nepal ProgramTitle, Analytic: Snow Leopard Conservation Annual Progress Report.ProCite field [12]: (2000-20001) Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 405 Serial 608  
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Author International Snow Leopard Trust url 
  Title Snow Leopard News Fall 2001 Type Miscellaneous
  Year (up) 2001 Publication Snow Leopard News Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords seattle; fund-raising; volunteers; annual-appeal; Woodland-Park-Zoo; Tserendeleg; Mongolia; Macne; Islt; Pakistan; Afganastan; Malik; September-11th; war; conservation; China; Slims; Tnc; Yunnan; Slss; Snow-Leopard-Survival-Summit; Sullenberger; Munktsog; irbis-enterprises; Cnn; Abc; tourism; travel; crafts; Dolijinsuren; browse; 4340  
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  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Islt Place of Publication Seattle, WA Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
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  Notes Full Text at URLTable of Contents:1.Thanks Again to Woodland Park Zoo in Seattle2.Mongolia's Conservation Leader Passed Away3.The Presence of the Trust4.ISLT and the Nature Conservancy Team up in China5.Snow Leopard Survival Summit Postponed6.Mongolia's Snow Leopards in the News7.Volunteers for Snow Leopards8.From Cozzy Mitts to Tea Cozies Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 422 Serial 932  
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Author International Snow Leopard Trust url 
  Title Snow Leopard News Summer 2001 Type Miscellaneous
  Year (up) 2001 Publication Snow Leopard News Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords Islt; Woodland-Park-Zoo; seattle; Snow-leoaprd-Summit; Slss; threats; conservation; donation; field-study; surveys; Pakistan; Kyrgastan; Kyrgyz-Republic; India; research; staff; expansion; programs; education; herders; interviews; funding; travel; livestock; browse; 4350  
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  Publisher Islt Place of Publication Seattle, WA Editor  
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  Notes Full Text at URLTable of Contents:1.ISLT to Host Snow Leopard Summit2.Trust Receives $100,000 Anonymous Donation3.Report from the Field Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 423 Serial 933  
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Author International Snow Leopard Trust url 
  Title Snow Leopard News Spring 2001 Type Miscellaneous
  Year (up) 2001 Publication Snow Leopard News Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords Annual-Appeals-Fund; conservation-programs; populations; Kyrgyz-Republic; Soviet-Union; China; India; Mongolia; Pakistan; Charudutt; incentive; Woodland-Park-Zoo; cub; Death; veterinary; medicine; Bayarjargal; raffle; Dorothy-McLean; volunteers; poaching; hunting; pelts; furs; bones; herders; killing; livestock; browse; 4360  
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  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Islt Place of Publication Seattle, WA Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
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  Notes Full Text at URLTable of Contents1.Programs to Expand Thanks to Annual Appeal Funds2.Zoo and ISLT Mark Passing of Snow Leopard Cub3.Irbis Enterprises National Coordinator Visits Seattle4.A Raffle for the Snow Leopard5.Stock Gifts to ISLT6.ISLT Wants You7.Situation Worsens in Kyrgyz Republic8.ISLT Wish List Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 424 Serial 934  
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Author Allen, P. url 
  Title Conservation Increases Crafts Income Type Miscellaneous
  Year (up) 2002 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Winter, 2002 Issue Pages 7  
  Keywords crafts; conservation; herders; Sle; snow-leopard-enterprises; nomadic; Mongolia; wool; income; tourists; poaching; incentive; livestock; zoos; browse; 4310  
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  Notes Full Text at URLJournal Title: Crafts News Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 419 Serial 67  
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Author International Snow Leopard Trust url 
  Title Snow Leopard News, Spring 2002 Type Miscellaneous
  Year (up) 2002 Publication Snow Leopard News Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords Snow-leopard-survival-strategy-summit; Slss; Islt; NGO's; Woodland-Park-Zoo; seattle; logo; Pakistan; behaviour; hunting; herders; conservation; tourism; Mongolia; Charudutt-Mishra; browse; 4330  
  Abstract  
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  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Islt Place of Publication Seattle, Washington Editor  
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  Notes Full Text at URLIndex of Articles:1. Snow Leopard Survival Strategy Summit2.Show Your Creativity: Eneter our Logo Contest3.Serious Snow Leopard fun in Pakistan4. Mission to Mongolia 20025.Spring Cleaning Treasures6.Another Doscter on the TeamDate of Copyright: 2002 Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 421 Serial 935  
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Author Suryawanshi, K.R.; Bhatnagar, Y.; Mishra, C. url 
  Title Why should a grazer browse? Livestock impact on winter resource use by bharal Pseudois nayaur Type Journal Article
  Year (up) 2009 Publication Oecologia Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 1-10  
  Keywords browse; livestock; impact; winter; resource; use; bharal; Pseudois; pseudois nayaur; Pseudois-nayaur; nayaur; diet; variation; diets; conservation; Media; study; decline; areas; area; grazing; Pressure; plants; plant; sign; feeding; location; population; structure; populations; using; young; Female; times; High; Competition; species; predators; predator; endangered; snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard; trans-himalaya; transhimalaya  
  Abstract Many mammalian herbivores show a temporal diet variation between graminoid-dominated and browse dominated diets. We determined the causes of such a diet shift and its implications for conservation of a medium sized ungulate-the bharal Pseudois nayaur. Past studies show that the bharal diet is dominated by graminoids (>80%) during summer, but the contribution of graminoids declines to about 50% in winter. We tested the predictions generated by two alternative hypotheses explaining the decline: low graminoid availability during winter causes bharal to include browse in their diet; bharal include browse, with relatively higher nutritional quality, in their diet to compensate for the poor quality of graminoids during winter. We measured winter graminoid availability in areas with no livestock grazing, areas with relatively moderate livestock grazing, and those with intense livestock grazing pressures. The chemical composition of plants contributing to the bharal diet was analysed. The bharal diet was quantiWed through signs of feeding on vegetation at feeding locations. Population structures of bharal populations were recorded using a total count method. Graminoid availability was highest in areas without livestock grazing, followed by areas with moderate and intense livestock grazing. The bharal diet was dominated by graminoids (73%) in areas with highest graminoid availability. Graminoid contribution to the bharal diet declined monotonically (50, 36%) with a decline in graminoid availability. Bharal young to female ratio was 3 times higher in areas with high graminoid availability than areas with low graminoid availability. The composition of the bharal winter diet was governed predominantly by the availability of graminoids in the rangelands. Our results suggest that bharal include more browse in their diet during winter due to competition from livestock for graminoids. Since livestock grazing reduces graminoid availability, creation of livestock-free areas is necessary for the conservation of grazing species such as the bharal and its predators including the endangered snow leopard in the Trans-Himalaya.  
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  Publisher Springer-Verlag Place of Publication Online Editor  
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  Notes This study was made possible by a grant from the Snow Leopard Network. Additional support was given by the Wildlife Conservation Society-India Program and Nature Conservation Foundation, the Whitley Fund for Nature, the Ford Foundation, and the Nadathur Conservation Trust. Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 1062 Serial 951  
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Author Suryawanshi, K.R. url 
  Title Towards snow leopard prey recovery: understanding the resource use strategies and demographic responses of bharal Pseudois nayaur to livestock grazing and removal; Final project report Type Report
  Year (up) 2009 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 1-43  
  Keywords project; snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard; network; conservation; program; prey; recovery; resource; use; strategy; demographic; Response; bharal; Pseudois; pseudois nayaur; Pseudois-nayaur; nayaur; livestock; grazing; Report; decline; wild; populations; population; Himalayan; region; Competition; threats; threat; uncia; Uncia uncia; Uncia-uncia; study; diet; winter; Test; browse; nutrition; areas; area; young; Female; times; High; Adult; mortality; species; predators; predator; endangered; trans-himalaya; transhimalaya  
  Abstract Decline of wild prey populations in the Himalayan region, largely due to competition with livestock, has been identified as one of the main threats to the snow leopard Uncia uncia. Studies show that bharal Pseudois nayaur diet is dominated by graminoids during summer, but the proportion of graminoids declines in winter. We explore the causes for the decline of graminoids from bharal winter diet and resulting implications for bharal conservation. We test the predictions generated by two alternative hypotheses, (H1) low graminoid availability caused by livestock grazing during winter causes bharal to include browse in their diet, and, (H2) bharal include browse, with relatively higher nutrition, to compensate for the poor quality of graminoids during winter. Graminoid availability was highest in areas without livestock grazing, followed by areas with moderate and intense livestock grazing. Graminoid quality in winter was relatively lower than that of browse, but the difference was not statistically significant. Bharal diet was dominated by graminoids in areas with highest graminoid availability. Graminoid contribution to bharal diet declined monotonically with a decline in graminoid availability. Bharal young to female ratio was three times higher in areas with high graminoid availability than areas with low graminoid availability. No starvation-related adult mortalities were observed in any of the areas. Composition of bharal winter diet was governed predominantly by the availability of graminoids in the rangelands. Since livestock grazing reduces graminoid availability, creation of livestock free areas is necessary for conservation of grazing species such as the bharal and its predators such as the endangered snow leopard in the Trans-Himalaya.  
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  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Project funded by Snow Leopard Network's Snow Leopard Conservation Grant Program, 2008. Nature Conservation Foundation, Mysore. Post-graduate Program in Wildlife Biology and Conservation, National Centre for Biological Sciences, Wildlife Conservation Society -India program, Bangalore, India. Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 1077 Serial 952  
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