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Author Jalanka, H.H.; Roeken, B.
Title The use of Medetomidine, Medetomidine-Ketamine combinations, and Atipamezole in nondomestic mammals: A review Type Journal Article
Year (down) 1990 Publication Journal-of-Zoo-and-Wildlife-Medicine Abbreviated Journal
Volume 21 Issue 3 Pages 259-282
Keywords use; medetomidine; atipamezole; mammals
Abstract The recent development of potent and specifica lphar-adrenoceptoar gonistsa nd antagonists has enhanced their use in nondomestic animal immobilization and reversal. Medetomidine, a new potent alphar-agonist, in combination with the dissociative anesthetic ketamine, has been used to immobilize a variety of nondomestic mammals. Medetomidine alone induces sedation in a dose-dependent way, and complete immobilization has been achieved with high doses in semidomesticated reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) and blue foxes (Alopex lagopus). Howbver, we feel that ketamine should be added to the immobilization mixture to ensure complete immobilization and operator safety. In ketamine combinations, medetomidine doses are usually 60-100 pg/kg. The required ketamine doses are remarkably low:0.8-1.6 mglkg in most ruminants,2.5-3.0 mgUgin felids,u rsids,a nd canids,a nd 5.G-8.0m glkgi n primates,w olverines(Gulog ulo),ando therm uitelids. Clinically, the resulting immobilization is characterized by a smooth onset, good to excellent myorelaxation, and areflexia at higher doses. Determinations of hematologic, serum biochemicil, arterial blood gas,a nd acid-bases tatusp arametersi ndicate that the immobilization is physiologically sound. We have had no fatalities attributable to the immobilization mixture ( I ,240 immobilizations). The alphar-adrenoceptora ntagonist,a tipamezole,i s highly efective in reversingt he immobilization induced by medetomidine, medetomidine-ketamine combinations, or xylazine. In ruminants, the medetomidine-ketamine-induced immobilization can be rapidly and persistently reversed by administering 100-l 50 1rg/kg of alipamezole i.v. and the rest s.c., adjusting the total atipamezole dose to an atipamezole: medetomidine ratio of approximately 4-5 (w/w). Becauseth e required ketamine doses are relatively high in carnivores, we prefer to use a lower atipamezole dose (totil atipamezoie: medetomidine ratio approximately 2-3 w/w) and to administer it i.m. or s.c. Using thii regimen, reversals are calm and animals show minimal “residual ketamine effect.” Because atipamezole is a competitive antagonist, its dose should be reduced if it is administered late in the immobilization period when a large part of medetomidine has been endogenously metabolized. Xylazine-induced immobilization is rapidly reversed by I mg of atipamezole for every 8-12 mg of xylazine used.
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Publisher American Association of Zoo Veterinarians Place of Publication Editor
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Call Number SLN @ rana @ 1081 Serial 486
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Author Ishunin G.I.
Title Genus Snow leopard Uncia gray, 1854 Type Miscellaneous
Year (down) 1987 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 94-97
Keywords Uzbekistan; mammals; game species; biology; distribution; practical use; conservation measures.; 6940; Russian
Abstract It provides data concerning biology, distribution and use game and commercial mammal species in Uzbekistan, and recommends on ways of hunting and initial fur-skin processing. It also describes the matter of conservation and rehabilitation of rare species' populations. From 1930-s to 1960-s over 20 snow leopard skins were reported to be traded officially.
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Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Game animals of Uzbekistan. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 672 Serial 418
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Author Sokolov V.E.
Title Snow leopard Type Miscellaneous
Year (down) 1986 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 349-350
Keywords Ussr; snow leopard; distribution; number; use; protection.; 8250; Russian
Abstract Snow leopard is an endangered species. Its number is steadily decreasing. In the USSR, snow leopard is distributed in the mountains of Central Asia: Pamir, Tien Shan, Djungar Ala-Tau, Tarbagatai, Saur. It is also met at altitudes ranging from 1,800 3,500 m above sea level. A total number of snow leopard in the USSR does not exceed 1,000 animals; according to other data 2,000 animals. A decreasing number of snow leopard and its habitat shrinkage is directly related to human's pursuing snow leopards (in the USSR snow leopard was for a long time being considered as a species causing damage to livestock so authorities gave premiums for catching/shooting snow leopards) and reduction of ungulate population. Snow leopards are now protected in mountain nature reserves of the USSR: Chatkal, Aksu-Djabagly, Ramit, Besh-Aral, Sary-Chelek, and Alma-Ata.
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Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Rare and endangered animals. Mammals. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 803 Serial 908
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Author Sokov A.I.
Title Environmental prerequisites for protection and sustainable use of predatory mammals in Tajikistan Type Miscellaneous
Year (down) 1986 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Vol. 3. Issue Pages 27-29
Keywords Tajikistan; Red Data book; rare species; carnivores; large predators; brown bear; hyena; tiger; leopard; Lynx; snow leopard; decline; protection; sustainable use.; 8220; Russian
Abstract In Tajikistan it is necessary to preserve big predators listed in the Red Book, such as Uncia uncia, Ursus arctos isabellinus, Hyaena hyaena, Felis lynx isabellina, Panthera pardus ciscaucasica. An anthropogenic influence has resulted in the species' habitat shrinkage, deficit of food, disturbance of trophic interactions. It is necessary to restore a tiger population in the Tigrovaya Balka nature reserve, and resolve the issue of protection and sustainable use of commercial predatory species.
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Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Proceedings of IV Congress of all-Union mammalists' society. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 800 Serial 913
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Author Sapojnikov G.N.
Title Distribution and number of several endangered mammals and birds of Tajikistan Type Miscellaneous
Year (down) 1984 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 129-143
Keywords Tajikistan; endangered species; snow leopard; number; use.; 8070; Russian
Abstract Many years' data connected with the distribution and number of endangered species of animals as dhole (Cuon alpinus Pall), striped hyena (Hyaena hyaena L.), snow leopard (Uncia uncia Shreb.) and birds of Tajikistan are given. Area of snow leopard includes the most of mountain ridges in this country. The total number is evaluated about 160-200 individuals. The record quantity of legal harvested skins of snow leopard is 64 in 1946.
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Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Natural resources and nature reserves of Tajikistan. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 785 Serial 844
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Author Sludsky A.A.
Title Genus Snow leopard Uncia Gray, 1854. Snow leopard Uncia uncia Schreber, 1775 Type Miscellaneous
Year (down) 1982 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Vol. III, Part 2. Issue Pages 222-240
Keywords Kazakhstan; taxonomy; distribution; number; biology; use; snow leopard.; 8190; Russian
Abstract Snow leopard is rare and extinctive species that have scientific and aesthetic significance. The features of genus Uncia and species Uncia uncia are described. Also distribution, habitat, way of life, reproduction biology, behavioural patterns, migration routes, infections and parasites, enemies and competitors, number and number fluctuation, practical value of snow leopard in the Kazakhstan are given.
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Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Mammals of Kazakhstan. Carnivora (Mustelidae, Felidae). Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 797 Serial 900
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Author White, S.D.; Stannard, A.A.; Ihrke, P.J.; Rosser, E.J.
Title Therapy of demodicosis in snow leopard challenged Type Journal Article
Year (down) 1981 Publication J Am Vet Med Assoc Abbreviated Journal
Volume 178 Issue 9 Pages 877-878
Keywords Amoxicillin: therapeutic use; Animal; Animals; zoo; Calcium: therapeutic use; Carnivora; Mite Infestations: drug therapy; veterinary; Sulfides: therapeutic use; Thiosulfates: therapeutic use; amoxicillin; therapeutic; calcium; mite; infestations; drug; therapy; drug therapy; sulfides; thiosulfates; browse; use; 360
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ISSN 0003-1488 ISBN Medium
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Notes Document Type: eng Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 57 Serial 1020
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Author Ishunin G.I.
Title Snow leopard Type Miscellaneous
Year (down) 1980 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 26-27
Keywords Uzbekistan; Red Data book; snow leopard; distribution; preys; biology; use.; 6920; Russian
Abstract In Uzbekistan, snow leopard is preserved along the Ugam, Pskem, Chatkal, Tirkestan, and Hissar ridges. Ibex is a main prey of the predator. It also preys on argali, wild boar, hares, roe-deers, rodents, kekliks (partridge), and rarely livestock. Catching the animals in the country is limited and exercised under special permissions.
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Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Wild animals of Uzbekistan included in the Red Data Book of the USSR. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 670 Serial 416
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Author Kolosov A.M.
Title Genus Snow leopards Uncia Type Miscellaneous
Year (down) 1979 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 150-151
Keywords Ussr; snow leopard; systematic position; life-history; distribution; number; preys; practical use.; 7220; Russian
Abstract It provides description of appearance, distribution, behavioral patterns, and use of snow leopard in the USSR. The predator inhabits the mountains of Central Asia, east of the Amudarya river, along the ridges of Djungar Ala-Tau and Tarbagatai, South Altai, West and East Sayans. Its main food is ungulates, though it also preys on snow-cocks, marmots, small birds, and rodents. Sometimes attacks sheep. It has no enemy other than wolf; its diseases are not studied. Snow leopard is not dangerous for man. The fur-skin is used for making rugs and fur. Less than 1,000 animals are hunted globally. Before 1960, in the USSR less than 120 skins were annually purchased. Its total population is several thousand animals.
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Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Biology of game animals in the USSR. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 700 Serial 549
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Author Zhirnov L.V.
Title Rare and endangered species of the USSR Type Miscellaneous
Year (down) 1978 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 91-94
Keywords Ussr; snow leopard; distribution; number; practical use.; 8740; Russian
Abstract A description of snow leopard number, distribution, reproductive biology, death reasons, and conservation measures in the USSR, where northern and north-western border of its habitat runs, is given. The population of snow leopard in the USSR is 500 1,000 animals. In the Inner Tien Shan, 400 snow leopards were caught 1936 through 1970. The maximum of 120 skins was purchased in Pamir in 1956 1958. Population of snow leopard directly correlates with population of ibex, a fact being verified by data collected on a long-term basis. Moreover, snow leopard was for a long time considered as a harmful animal, shooting of which was encouraged by premiums and resulted in reduction of snow leopard population.
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Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Mammals and birds. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 851 Serial 1080
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