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Author Riddell, Mand L.G.
Title Snow Leopard Expedition Kazakhstan 2004 Type Miscellaneous
Year (down) 2004 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages
Keywords Kazakhstan; snow leopard; expedition; Central Asia; ecotourism; map; 5730
Abstract This Newcastle University Expedition reviewed the conflict between man and snow leopard in the region east of Tekeli in the Dzhungarian Alatau range, Kazakhstan. After the soviet state breakup in 1991 snow leopards in Kazakhstan and in the other Asian republics were subjected to high levels of persecution. There are thought to be between 180-200 snow leopards in Kazakhstan, of which 37-40 individuals inhabit the Dzhungarian Mountains. No work has been done previously to review the present snow leopard-human conflicts in this region, and this project looked to update previous reports from Central Asia about predominant conflicts in these regions. The expedition team worked with the Institute of Zoology in Kazakhstan and two of the six person team were Kazakh students. Methods comparable to those used in previous studies were used to map and rank the threats in the western area of the range, over an eight week period. The expedition team lived in the mountains for periods of two-three weeks, carrying all their food and equipment and using local vehicles, horses and trekking to move from pasture to pasture. Semi-structured interviews, key informant interviews and prey counts were used to assess snow leopard-human conflicts including poaching of snow leopard, poaching of leopard wild prey, human disturbance and livestock overgrazing. The results from the report support much previous work from Kazakhstan and other areas in Central Asia, but serve as a useful update shedding light on an optimistic future for snow leopard conservation while highlighting what the expedition team perceives to be the major threats to snow leopards. The threats to snow leopards, in order of relevance from most to least, are loss of prey predominantly through hunting by local people (both legal and illegal), direct hunting of snowleopard for pelt/medicine, disturbance by herders on the pastures, snow leopard habitat fragmentation around the mountain bases, and least importantly overgrazing by domestic livestock. Retaliatory kills by herders are not a threat in the region and on livestock were killed by snow leopards. Levels of all hunting, legal and illegal, need to be reduced in the range until wildlife populations have recovered significantly from the mid-1990's over-hunting period. Levels of rural corruption among many stakeholders were high around the mountain region, and are thought to contribute negatively to wildlife conservation in the area. Ecotourism in the area, that incorporates local people around the mountain region, is proposed as a solution to offer local people's incentives to lower hunting levels. This report makes the following main recommendations:

ÿStrengthening law enforcement capacity

ÿIncreasing the number of ecological rangers

ÿIncreasing incentives of ecological rangers to prevent poaching

ÿEquipping the ecological rangers more sufficiently

ÿMore effective communication between ranger and National Park administrative regions

ÿThe involvement of all stakeholders in wildlife conservation including military officials and local herders

ÿWhistle blower policies to prevent illegal trade in all animals in the region

ÿMore geographic consistency between present and proposed protected areas in the region

 Accurate snow leopard monitoring to build on valuable information previously collected in Kazakhstan

 Provision of local incentives (ecotourism and community based hunting reserves) to reduce local hunting and local unemployment around the mountains

 Increased interest and technical assistance in Kazakhstan from conservation International Non-Governmental Organizations

 More government fund for the Institute of Zoology

 Stronger cross border (Kazakhstan-China) legislation implementation Further research could involve establishing an annual, standardized, snow leopard

survey in the range, or could compare these findings of threats to snow leopards to other regions in Kazakhstan (eg. The Altai) or Central Asia.

This report has been replicated for all the expedition sponsors, put on the internet, and

distributed among contacts in the snow leopard conservation community.

The expedition team also spent some time exploring and photographing some of the remoter valleys around the study pastures, and made a short video of the teams exploits. Links were made between KIMEP University in Almaty, and Newcastle University, registered a research centre with the Royal Geographical Society, and lectured about the Dzhungarian range and snow leopard conservation at; the Royal Geographical Society, Newcastle University, Royal Zoological Society for Scotland(Edinburgh Zoo), and Wilderness Lecturers (Bristol).
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Notes Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 283 Serial 816
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Author Shukurov E.J.
Title List of of species included in Red data Book of Republic of Kyrgyzstan Type Miscellaneous
Year (down) 2004 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 83
Keywords Kyrgyzstan; Red Data book; list of species; snow leopard.; 8160; Russian
Abstract It gives List of species included in Red data Book of Republic of Kyrgyzstan (1984). Totally 13 mammals including snow leopard listed in Kyrgyz Red data book.
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Area Expedition Conference
Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Annals of nature in protected areas of Kyrgyz Republic. Metodical guide. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 794 Serial 892
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Author Vashetko E.V.
Title Snow Leopard bibliography in Central Asia Type Miscellaneous
Year (down) 2004 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 358-383
Keywords Central Asia; bibliography; snow leopard.; 8470; Russian
Abstract Reference List of the Snow Leopard investigation included publications on the studying various questions of ecology and conservation of the Snow Leopard in Central Asia (355) for the period with 1851 for 2004. The most important work on this species in the region, as well as results of the analysis of timing of publications was described.
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Area Expedition Conference
Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Status and perspectives of the protected area network in Central Asia. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 824 Serial 982
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Author Abdunazarov B.B.
Title Snow Leopard Type Miscellaneous
Year (down) 2003 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 6
Keywords Uzbekistan; Cites; snow leopard.; 5780; Russian
Abstract Snow leopard (Uncia uncia) listed in Red Data Book of Republic of Uzbekistan (2003) and Appendix II CITES.
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Language Russian Summary Language Original Title
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Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Guide of Animals listed in CITES. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 558 Serial 24
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Author Abdunazarov B.B.
Title Number of some species of rare mammals of Uzbekistan Type Miscellaneous
Year (down) 2003 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 11
Keywords Uzbekistan; rare mammals; number; snow leopard.; 5790; Russian
Abstract It gives expert assessment of number for the rare mammals from Uzbekistan: Tien Shan brown bear (600), Central Asian otter (100), Turkestan lynx (100-150), snow leopard (30), Severtzov's argali (2500), Bukhara urial (200), markhor (300), Menzbier's marmot (22,000). All species included in Uzbek Red Data book.
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Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Russian Summary Language Original Title
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Area Expedition Conference
Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Mammals of the Russia and neighbouring countries. Proceedings of the conference. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 559 Serial 25
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Author Blomqvist, L.
Title The Global Studbook Report 2002 for Snow Leopards: Decline of a Pedigree Species Type Miscellaneous
Year (down) 2003 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages
Keywords global; studbook; Report; snow leopard; captivity; zoo; 5720
Abstract
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Publisher Place of Publication Helsinki Editor
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Notes Journal Title: Helsinki Zoo, Annual Report 2003 Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 93 Serial 169
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Author Blomqvist, L.
Title Captive status of the snow leopard in Europe 2001 Type Miscellaneous
Year (down) 2003 Publication International Pedigree Book of Snow Leopards Abbreviated Journal
Volume 8 Issue Pages 27-30
Keywords captive; status; snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard
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Notes Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 918 Serial 170
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Author Blomqvist, L.
Title The global snow leopard population in captivity 2001 Type Miscellaneous
Year (down) 2003 Publication International Pedigree Book of Snow Leopards Abbreviated Journal
Volume 8 Issue Pages 21-24
Keywords captivity; global; population; snow leopard
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Notes Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 919 Serial 171
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Author Dexel, B.
Title The illegal trade in snow leopards – a global perspective Type Miscellaneous
Year (down) 2003 Publication International Pedigree Book of Snow Leopards Abbreviated Journal
Volume 8 Issue Pages 5-17
Keywords conservation; german; Germany; global; illegal; illegal-trade; leopard; leopards; nature; nature conservation; project; snow; snow-leopard; snow-leopards; snow leopard; snow leopard project; snow leopards; trade
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Notes Coordinator Snow Leopard Project, German Society for Nature Conservation, Berlin, Germany. Email: birga.dexel@nabu.de Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 916 Serial 240
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Author Esipov A.V.
Title The 56th anniversary of the Chatkal reserve Type Miscellaneous
Year (down) 2003 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume 15 Issue Pages 15
Keywords Uzbekistan; Chatkal nature reserve; fauna; rare species; snow leopard.; 6610; Russian
Abstract Being one of nine nature reserves in Uzbekistan, Chatkal was established in 1947. Its area changed its size and administrative jurisdiction. Foothills adjacent to the nature reserve were long ago inhabited and developed by people. In Middle Ages, the area of juniperous forest reduced considerably because of mining operations. There are rare mammal species in the nature reserve, such as snow leopard, bear, Menzbier's marmot, and six rare bird species
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Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Guliston Journal Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 639 Serial 256
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