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	Author	Wharton, D.; Mainka, S.A.
	Title	Captive Management of the Snow Leopard			Type	Conference Article
	Year	1994	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	135-148
	Keywords	zoos; captivity; captive; management; husbandry; diet; social; behavior; housing; habitat; breeding; status; distribution; parasites; vaccination; quarantine; Disease; medical; veterinary; medicine; ceasarean; hand-rearing; browse; hand rearing; hand; rearing; 3550
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Islt	Place of Publication	Usa	Editor	J.L.Fox; D.Jizeng
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	Full Text at URLTitle, Monographic: Seventh International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: ChinaDate of Copyright: 1994			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 265			Serial	1017
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	Author	Xinchun, M.
	Title	Distribution in the wild and the captive raising of snow leopards in Xinjiang, China			Type	Conference Article
	Year	1994	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	157-162
	Keywords	distribution; habitat; ibex; blue-sheep; argali; hides; skins; pelts; furs; coats; zoos; zoo; China; captivity; care; husbandry; feeding; diet; housing; Disease; blue; sheep; browse; 3770
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Islt	Place of Publication	Usa	Editor	J.L.Fox; D.Jizeng
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	Full text at URLTitle, Monographic: Seventh International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: ChinaDate of Copyright: 1994			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 267			Serial	1031
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	Author	Yanfa, L.
	Title	The care, breeding and diseases of snow leopards in Qinghai, China			Type	Conference Article
	Year	1994	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	167-175
	Keywords	China; zoos; captivity; care; management; cages; cage; housing; behavior; reproduction; mating; courting; Pregnancy; birthing; estrus; development; medical; physiological; Disease; medicine; parasites; parasitism; respiratory; virulent; enteritis; browse; 3430
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Islt	Place of Publication	Usa	Editor	J.L.Fox; D.Jizeng
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	Full text at URLTitle, Monographic: Seventh International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: ChinaDate of Copyright: 1994			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 261			Serial	1048
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	Author	Blomqvist, L.
	Title	Three decades of Snow Leopards Panthera uncia in Captivity			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1995	Publication	Int.Zoo Yearbook	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	34	Issue		Pages	178-185
	Keywords	zoo; population; status; genetics; captive-animal-care; propogation; captivity; fertility; recruitment; mortality; browse; captive; Animal; care; 1360
	Abstract	The author reports the status of the captive population of snow leopards over the last three decades. Genetic and demographic information is also provided. The captive population as of 1992 was 541 leopards. klf. I
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	Document Type: English			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 256			Serial	165
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	Author	Graham, L.H.; Goodrowe, K.L.; Raeside, J.I.; Liptrap, R.M.
	Title	Non-invasive monitoring of ovarian function in several felid species by measurement of fecal estradiol-17-beta and progestins			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1995	Publication	Zoo Biology	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	14	Issue	3	Pages	223-237
	Keywords	Artificial-Breeding-Program; captive-management; Estradiol-17beta; Pregnancy; Progesterone; Progestin; sexual-behavior; genetics; zoo; medicine; veterinary; snow-leopard; feces; fecal-analysis; snow leopard; artificial; breeding; program; captive; management; Estradiol; 17beta; sexual; behavior; browse; snow; leopard; fecal; analysis; 1390
	Abstract	An extraction and assay procedure to measure fecal estradiol-17-beta and progestin concentrations in several cat species was developed and validated for use for noninvasive monitoring of ovarian function. Fecal samples were collected over a range of 3-20 months from female tigers (three), lions (three), snow leopards (three), cheetahs (two), caracals (two), and domestic cats (five). Samples were extracted with 90% methanol, lipids removed with petroleum ether, and the estradiol and progestins in the methanol measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA). High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) fractionation and subsequent RIA of the fractions indicated that the estradiol-17-beta antiserum cross-reacted primarily with estradiol-17-beta in the feces of lions and tigers and was assumed to be specific for estradiol-17-beta in the feces of other species as well. However, there were several immunoreactive compounds, presumably progesterone metabolites, excreted in the feces which varied both quantitatively and qualitatively among species. The behavior of tigers, lions, cheetahs, and caracals was visually monitored during the collection period and frequency of sexual behaviors was positively correlated with increases in fecal estradiol in all species observed. The mean fecal estradiol-17-beta peaks were as follows: tigers, 128.0 +- 13.1; lions, 186.0 +- 14.8; snow leopards, 136.7 +- 15.9; cheetahs, 140.9 +- 9.0; caracals, 24.5 +- 4.0; and domestic cats 158.9 +- 19.3 ng/gm. Fecal progestin concentrations rose significantly (P lt 0,001) only after breeding or during pregnancy and were as follows: tigers, 5.6 +- 0.6; lions, 1.9 +- 0.1; cheetahs, 8.4 +- 1.1; and caracals, 2.4 +- 0.4 mu-g/gm. Fecal progestins were elevated for one-half to two-thirds of the gestation length during presumed pseudopregnancy but remained elevated throughout successful pregnancies. These results suggest that ovarian function can be monitored noninvasively in the family Felidae by the measurement of fecal estradiol-17-beta and progestin concentrations.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	Document Type: English			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 279			Serial	345
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	Author	Roth, T.L.; Swanson, W.F.; Wildt, D.E.
	Title	Snow leopard (Panthera unica) sperm longevity in vitro is not influenced by protein or energy source supplements but is affected by buffer source			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1995	Publication	Theriogenology	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	43	Issue	1	Pages	309
	Keywords	genetics; Sperm; captivity; medical; medicine; veterinary; zoo; breeding; browse; 1400
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	Annual Conference of the International Embryo Transfer Society, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, January 8-10, 1995 Document Type: English Call Number: QP251 .T44			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 280			Serial	829
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	Author	Wildt, D.; Pukazhenthi, B.; Brown, J.; Monfort, S.; Howard, J.; Roth, T.
	Title	Spermatology for understanding, managing and conserving rare species			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1995	Publication	Reproduction Fertility and Development	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	7	Issue	4	Pages	811-824
	Keywords	Assisted-Reproduction; Cryopreservation; reproduction; zoo; medical; veterinary; spermatology; genetics; browse; assisted; 1380
	Abstract	Most conventional spermatology research involves common mammalian species including livestock, laboratory animals and humans. Yet, there are more than 4500 mammalian species inhabiting the planet for which little is known about basic reproductive biology, including sperm characteristics and function. This information is important, not just as adjunct knowledge, but because the majority of these species are threatened with extinction, largely due to human-induced pressures. The field of conservation is changing rapidly, and global cooperation is emerging among a variety of wildlife enthusiasts, ranging from management authorities of nature reserves to curators of rare zoological collections. Conservation progress depends on systematic, multidisciplinary research first to answer basic questions, with new data then applied to endangered species management plans. The reproductive physiologist is a crucial component of this scheme. Reproduction is the essence of species survival, and enormous effort needs to be directed at these 'untraditional' research species, subspecies and populations. Spermatology research combined with simultaneous efforts in endocrinology, embryology and cryopreservation (among others) can lead to the successful application of assisted reproduction. Examples from this laboratory include an array of wild felid species and a rare cervid and mustelid. Obstacles to success are formidable, including unique species-specificities, diminished genetic diversity and a general lack of resources. Nonetheless, the field offers tremendous opportunities for generating unique knowledge of comparative interest and with conservation utility.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	Document Type: English			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 278			Serial	1024
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	Author	Clyde, V.L.; Ramsay, E.C.; Bemis, D.A.
	Title	Fecal shedding of Salmonella in exotic felids			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1997	Publication	J.Zoo Wildl.Med	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	28	Issue	2	Pages	148-152
	Keywords	antibiotics; captive-animal-care; diarrhea; endangered; threatened-species; handling-methods; mammals parasites; Diseases; salmonella; zoos; snow-leopard; leopard; salmonellosis; husbandry; captive; Animal; care; threatened; species; handling; mammals; parasites; snow; browse; 1320
	Abstract	The authors discuss the occurrence of salmonellosis in collections of exotic felids. Data suggest that zoo employees having contact with cat feces or raw diets have a high rate of occupational exposure to Salmonella and should exercise appropriate hygienic precautions. pcp
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	Milwaukee Cty. Zoo, Milwaukee, WI 53226 Document Type: English			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 304			Serial	227
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	Author	Jackson, R.; Fox, J.L.
	Title	Snow Leopard Conservation: Accomplishments and Research Priorities			Type	Conference Article
	Year	1997	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	128-144
	Keywords	Slims; Islt; zoos; zoo; captivity; genetics; home-range; predator; prey; parks; park; reserve; reserves; refuge; Mongolia; China; India; Nepal; Khunjerab; surveys; survey; transect; habitat; scrap; marking; spray; Myanmar; Burma; blue-sheep; ibex; conservation; ecology; management; livestock; herders; Dna; Icimod; Himalaya; protected-area; scrape; blue; sheep; browse; international snow leopard trust; home range; home; range; protected area; protected areas; protected; area; areas; 2900
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Islt	Place of Publication	Pakistan	Editor	R.Jackson; A.Ahmad
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	Full Text at URLTitle, Monographic: Eighth International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: PakistanDate of Copyright: 1997			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 399			Serial	458
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	Author	Wharton, D.; Mainka, S.A.
	Title	Management and husbandry of the snow leopard Uncia uncia			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1997	Publication	International Zoo Yearbook	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	35	Issue		Pages	139-147
	Keywords	breeding; captive-management; diet; enclosures; housing; husbandry; nutrition; veterinary-care; zoo; browse; veterinary; care; captive; management; 1290
	Abstract	The international studbook for the Snow leopard Uncia uncia was established in 1976. The species has been the focus of intensive captive management and as at 1 January 1992, 541 animals were maintained at 160 collections. This paper gives an overview of the diet, housing, breeding and captive management of the species with specific reference to animals maintained in North American collections. A summary of veterinary care reported in the Snow leopard captive-management survey is also given.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	Document Type: English			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 331			Serial	1018
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