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Karanth, K.U., Nichols, J.D., Seidensticker, J., Dinerstein, E., David Smith, J.L., McDougal, C., Johnsingh, A.J.T., Chundawat, R.S., Thapar, V. |
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Title |
Science deficiency in conservation practice: the monitoring of tiger populations in India |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2003 |
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Animal Conservation |
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6 |
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141-146 |
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population monitoring, sampling, tiger, pugmark, census, pugmark census |
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Abstract |
Conservation practices are supposed to get refined by advancing scientific knowledge. We study this phenomenon in the context of monitoring tiger populations in India, by evaluating the ‘pugmark census method’ employed by wildlife managers for three decades. We use an analytical framework of modern animal population sampling to test the efficacy of the pugmark censuses using scientific data on tigers and our field observations. We identify three critical goals for monitoring tiger populations, in order of increasing sophistication: (1) distribution mapping, (2) tracking relative abundance, (3) estimation of absolute abundance. We demonstrate that the present census-based paradigm does not work because it ignores the first two simpler goals, and targets, but fails to achieve, the most difficult third goal. We point out the utility and ready availability of alternative monitoring paradigms that deal with the central problems of spatial sampling and observability. We propose an alternative sampling-based approach that can be tailored to meet practical needs of tiger monitoring at different levels of refinement. |
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The Zoological Society of London |
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United Kingdom |
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English |
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SLN @ rana @ |
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1307 |
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Author |
Riordan, P. |
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Title |
Unsupervised recognition of individual tigers and snow leopards from their footprints |
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Miscellaneous |
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Year |
1998 |
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Animal Conservation |
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1 |
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253-262 |
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Keywords |
captive; panthera tigris; panthera uncia; snow leopard; techniques; tiger |
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This study presents the testing of two unsupervised classification methods for their ability to accurately identify unknown individual tigers, Panthera tigris, and snow leopards, Panthera uncia, from their footprints. A neural-network based method, the Kohonen self-organizing map (SOM), and a Bayesian method, AutoClass, were assessed using hind footprints taken from captive animals under standardized conditions. AutoClass successfully discriminated individuals of both species from their footprints. Classification accuracy was greatest for tigers, with more misclassification of individuals occurring for snow leopards. Examination of variable influence on class formations failed to identify consistently influential measurements for either species. The self-organizing map did not provide accurate classification of individuals for either species. Results were not substantially improved by altering map dimensions nor by using principal components derived from the original data. The interpretation of resulting classifications and the importance of using such techniques in the study of wild animal populations are discussed. The need for further testing in the field is highlighted. |
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SLN @ rana @ 896 |
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823 |
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Author |
Rothschild, B.M.; Rothschild, C.; Woods, R.J. |
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Title |
Inflammatory arthritis in large cats: An expanded spectrum of spondyloarthropathy |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1998 |
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Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine |
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29 |
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3 |
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279-284 |
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Acinonyx-jubatus; cheetah; Felidae; Felis-concolor; mountain-lion; Felis-pardalis; ocelot; Panthera-leo; African-lion; Panthera-onca; jaguar; Panthera-pardus; leopard; Panthera-tigris; tiger; Panthera-uncia; snow-leopard; snow leopard; Acinonyx; jubatus; felis; concolor; mountain; lion; pardalis; panthera; leo; african; onca; pardus; tigris; uncia; browse; 1240 |
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Spondyloarthropathy was documented for the first time in 14 (3.7%) of 386 large cats, affecting eight species belonging to three genera. The limited distribution of joint erosions, associated with spine and sacroiliac joint pathology, was indistinguishable from that occurring in humans with spondyloarthropathy of the reactive type. This form of inflammatory arthritis is almost twice as common as osteoarthritis (for felids as a whole), and animal well-being may be enhanced by its recognition and by initiation of specific treatment. |
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Document Type: English |
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SLN @ rana @ 353 |
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832 |
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Author |
Ali, S.M. |
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Title |
The Cats of India |
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Year |
1990 |
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Myforest |
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26 |
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3 |
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275-291 |
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lion; clouded-leopard; cheetah; tiger; leopard; snow-leopard; India; Panthera-leo; Neofelis-nebylosa; Acinonyx-jubatus; Panthera-tigris; Panthera-pardus; Panthera-uncia; behavior; ecology; snow leopard; browse; panthera; uncia; pardus; clouded; leo; neofelis; nebylosa; ancinonyx; jubatus; 820 |
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Describes the range, behaviour and ecology of lion Panthera leo, tiger P. tigris, leopard P. pardus, snow leopard P. uncia, clouded leopard Neofelis nebylosa and cheetah Acinonyx jubatus. -P.J.Jarvis |
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SLN @ rana @ 144 |
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59 |
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Author |
Formozov A.N. |
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Title |
Tiger. Leopard. Snow Leopard |
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Miscellaneous |
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Year |
1989 |
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38-40 |
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Ussr; big cats; tiger; leopard; snow leopard.; 6730; Russian |
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The number of large cats is reducing. These animals are hold out in the most difficult of access places. During long time snow leopard was a poorly known animal. The situation was changed with developing of mountain tourism and mountaineering. It's necessary to reduce the capturing snow leopards for zoological gardens. |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Pathfinder's companion. |
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SLN @ rana @ 651 |
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282 |
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Author |
Sokov A.I. |
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Title |
Environmental prerequisites for protection and sustainable use of predatory mammals in Tajikistan |
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Miscellaneous |
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1986 |
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Vol. 3. |
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27-29 |
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Tajikistan; Red Data book; rare species; carnivores; large predators; brown bear; hyena; tiger; leopard; Lynx; snow leopard; decline; protection; sustainable use.; 8220; Russian |
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In Tajikistan it is necessary to preserve big predators listed in the Red Book, such as Uncia uncia, Ursus arctos isabellinus, Hyaena hyaena, Felis lynx isabellina, Panthera pardus ciscaucasica. An anthropogenic influence has resulted in the species' habitat shrinkage, deficit of food, disturbance of trophic interactions. It is necessary to restore a tiger population in the Tigrovaya Balka nature reserve, and resolve the issue of protection and sustainable use of commercial predatory species. |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Proceedings of IV Congress of all-Union mammalists' society. |
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SLN @ rana @ 800 |
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913 |
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Author |
Sludskiy A.A. |
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Mammals |
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Miscellaneous |
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1982 |
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55-79 |
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Ussr; extinct species; endangered species; Cats; tiger; leopard; snow leopard; caracal; Lynx; manul.; 8180; Russian |
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The author describes the lot of extinct and endangered mammal species inhabitants of various continents. Over the last 2,000 years, on the territory now occupied by the USSR, 11 species and sub-species of mammals died away and several dozens of species and sub-species are now endangered or rare and require special conservation measures. Big Felidae species include tiger (150 170 animals), leopard (38-48 animals, of which 20-25 permanently live in the Far East, the rest migrating), snow leopard, whose population reduced drastically (about 1,000 animals), caracal, Central Asia lynx, and manul. |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: To preserve for descendants. |
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SLN @ rana @ 796 |
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899 |
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Author |
Darehshuri, B.F. |
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Title |
Threatened cats of Asia |
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1978 |
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Wildlife |
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20 |
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9 |
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396-400 |
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Asia, Acinonyx jubatus, Asiatic cheetah, cheetah, Siberian tiger, snow leopard |
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Man's hand is turned against the wild cats wherever they occur, often due to the value of their fur, but also because of the danger they sometimes pose to domestic stock and even human beings. All the larger Asian cats are threatened, and on this and the following pages we look at three of them – the Asiatic cheetah, the Siberian tiger, and the snow leopard. |
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1116 |
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Author |
Formozov A.N. |
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Tiger and snow leopard |
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Miscellaneous |
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1952 |
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169 171 |
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Ussr; big cats; tiger; leopard; snow leopard.; 6710; Russian |
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Over the last decades tiger, leopard and snow leopard were fully exterminated in many areas, where they formerly were common species and now became very rare ones. Few leopards can still be found in Caucasus, Copet-Dag (Turkmenistan) and south of Primorskiy krai. Irbis is remaining a common species only in the difficult-of-access highland areas of Tien Shan and very rare in the Altai. Tiger traces are sometimes found in the Amudarya river valley and in the taiga Sihote-Alinya in the Far East. |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Pathfinder's companion. |
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SLN @ rana @ 649 |
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281 |
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