| Records |
| Author |
Berger, J., Buuveibaatar, B., Mishra, C. |
| Title |
Globalization of the Cashmere Market and the Decline of Large Mammals in Central Asia |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year  |
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Publication |
Conservation Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
27 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
679-689 |
| Keywords |
fashion, herders, India, Mongolia, saiga, trade |
| Abstract |
As drivers of terrestrial ecosystems, humans have replaced large carnivores in most areas, and
human influence not only exerts striking ecological pressures on biodiversity at local scales but also has
indirect effects in distant corners of the world. We suggest that the multibillion dollar cashmere industry
creates economic motivations that link western fashion preferences for cashmere to land use in Central
Asia. This penchant for stylish clothing, in turn, encourages herders to increase livestock production which
affects persistence of over 6 endangered large mammals in these remote, arid ecosystems. We hypothesized
that global trade in cashmere has strong negative effects on native large mammals of deserts and grassland
where cashmere-producing goats are raised. We used time series data, ecological snapshots of the biomass
of native and domestic ungulates, and ecologically and behaviorally based fieldwork to test our hypothesis.
In Mongolia increases in domestic goat production were associated with a 3-fold increase in local profits for
herders coexisting with endangered saiga (Saiga tatarica). That increasing domestic grazing pressure carries
fitness consequences was inferred on the basis of an approximately 4-fold difference in juvenile recruitment among blue sheep (Pseudois nayaur) in trans-Himalayan India. Across 7 study areas in Mongolia, India, and China’s Tibetan Plateau, native ungulate biomass is now <5% that of domestic species. Such trends suggest ecosystem degradation and decreased capacity for the persistence of native species, including at least 8 Asian endemic species: saiga, chiru (Pantholops hodgsoni), Bactrian camel (Camelus bactrianus), snow leopard (Panthera uncia), khulan (Equus hemionus), kiang (E. kiang), takhi (E. przewalski), and wild yak (Bos mutus). Our results suggest striking yet indirect and unintended actions that link trophic-level effects to markets induced by the trade for cashmere. |
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no |
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SLN @ rakhee @ |
Serial |
1398 |
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| Author |
Kreuzberg-Mukhina, E.; Bikova, E.; Esipov, A. |
| Title |
Regional Meeting on the Protection of Snow Leopard |
Type |
Miscellaneous |
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Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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Issue |
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Pages |
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| Keywords |
Aksu-Jabagly; protected-area; parks; reserves; refuge; Kazakhstan; Kyrgyzstan; workshops; Nabu; Islt; irbis; Uzbekistan; Sacred-Earth-Network; Sen; Russia; conservation; habitat; poaching; bones; hunting; skins; pelts; fur; coats; medicine; trade; prey-species; status; kazakstan; protected; area; sacred; earth; network; prey; species; browse; aksu; jabagly; 3970 |
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Full Text at URL: Uzbekistan Zoological Society (Participants of the workshop) |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 5 |
Serial |
592 |
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| Author |
Anonymous |
| Title |
Central Asian Republic Snow Leopard Specialists Plan Joint Conservation Strategy |
Type |
Miscellaneous |
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Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
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| Keywords |
Kazakhstan; Kyrgyzstan; Uzbekistan; Russia; Asia-Irbis; protected-areas; parks; reserves; refuge; Tajikistan; poaching; habitat; habitat-degradation; trade; skins; pelts; coat; fur; bones; medicine; status; hunting; ibex; marmots; Islt; Gyssar; Nabu; Wwf; kazakstan; browse; protected; area; degradation; world wildlife fund; international snow leopard trust; asia; irbis; 3950 |
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Full text at URL |
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no |
| Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 1 |
Serial |
75 |
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| Author |
Kogan M.I. |
| Title |
The Kazakh SSR. The Kyrgyz SSR. The Uzbek and Tajik SSR. The Turkmen SSR |
Type |
Miscellaneous |
| Year |
1931 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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Issue |
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Pages |
47, 51-52,55-57, 59, 61-62. |
| Keywords |
Central Asia; game species; fur-trade; snow leopard.; 7160; Russian |
| Abstract |
It describes geographical, soil, climatic and hydrological features of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, and Tajikistan. Types of economic activities including fur-trade are described, too. Game preserves are classified, and list of game fauna species inhabiting these republics is given. Snow leopard lives in rocky mountains and is hunted very rarely. |
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| Notes |
Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Soviet Asia as a fur-trade region. |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 694 |
Serial |
540 |
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| Author |
Ishunin G.I. |
| Title |
Cats |
Type |
Miscellaneous |
| Year |
1964 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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Issue |
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Pages |
37-43 |
| Keywords |
Uzbekistan; South Uzbekistan; Cats; distribution; fur-trade; snow leopard.; 6950; Russian |
| Abstract |
It provides information about the cat family species in Uzbekistan (steppe cat Felis libyca, reed cat Felis chaus, Turkistan lynx Felis lynx isabellina, manul Felis manul, sand cat Felis margarita, Turan tiger Felis tigris virgata, Middle Asia leopard Felis pardus tullianus, and snow leopard Felis uncia. Snow leopard is distributed over the Hissar ridge, and the mountains of Kuydytavak, Khoddjachilimakhram, Zardalyupaz, Khodjapiriyah and Belata. Trade significance of snow leopard is negligent. In the Sary-Asia district one skin was traded in 1934 and 1935, three in 1936, four in 1937, one in 1946, and two in 1947. |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Ecology and economic value of vertebrate animals in south Uzbekistan (the Syrdarya river basin). |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 673 |
Serial |
419 |
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| Author |
Aizim B.M., S.E.D. |
| Title |
Snow leopard Felis uncia Schreb |
Type |
Miscellaneous |
| Year |
1969 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
56-59 |
| Keywords |
Kyrgyzstan; snow leopard; distribution; number; trade.; 5920; Russian |
| Abstract |
It says about snow leopard in Kyrgyzstan, its distribution, number, food, reproduction, and hunting behavioral patterns, and encounters with human beings. The only enemy of snow leopard is man. From economic point of view snow leopard is of interest only in terms of catching the animals for zoo-export. The skin of snow leopard in commercial trade is of negligent importance. Local population uses the skins for decorating walls, tailoring man's fur coats and sometimes as floor carpets. |
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Russian |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Game species of Kyrgyzstan. |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 571 |
Serial |
43 |
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| Author |
Yanushevich A.I. |
| Title |
Status of hunting industry in Kyrgyzstan |
Type |
Miscellaneous |
| Year |
1969 |
Publication |
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| Volume |
Part. II. |
Issue |
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Pages |
110-113 |
| Keywords |
Kyrgyzstan; game species; fur-trade; snow leopard.; 8600; Russian |
| Abstract |
In Kyrgyz SSR, there are 26 fur animal species, including three acclimatized, six wild ungulate and 70 bird species. They all can serve as objects of commercial and sport hunting. 56 snow leopards, 120 wild boars, 96 roe-deers, 121 ibexes, and 14 argalis were caught 1962 1967. A majority of the animals were exported from the country. The Kyrgyz SSR is one of the main suppliers of snow leopards, hunting for which for the sake of its fur-skin is prohibited. |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Proceedings of conference “Capacity and production of game preserves in the USSR”. |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 837 |
Serial |
1053 |
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| Author |
Abdusalyamov I.A. |
| Title |
A perspective development of fur-animal farming and fish industry in the Tajik SSR |
Type |
Miscellaneous |
| Year |
1972 |
Publication |
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Issue |
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Pages |
155-160 |
| Keywords |
Tajikistan; fur-trade; snow leopard; conservation measure.; 5830; Russian |
| Abstract |
Given are data concerning fur-trade in Tajikistan in 1962 1966. Snow leopard trade reduced from 54 animals (1962) to 12 (1966). Given are recommendations for the establishment of a highland nature reserve in Pamir and the Sary Khosor nature reserve in the Vakhsh ridge. |
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Russian |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Proceedings of the Institute of Zoology and Parasitilogy of the Academy of Science of the Tajik SSR. |
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no |
| Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 562 |
Serial |
30 |
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| Author |
Ammosov, B. |
| Title |
Central Asia mountains. Snow leopard or irbis |
Type |
Miscellaneous |
| Year |
1973 |
Publication |
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Issue |
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Pages |
92-93 |
| Keywords |
Central Asia; natural zones; snow leopard; distribution; habitats; number; trade.; 6010; Russian |
| Abstract |
All natural zones are represented in the mountains of Central Asia: deserts, semi-deserts, steppes, meadows, forests and shrubs, sub-alpine zones, alpine zones. Irbis (snow leopard) is a typical inhabitant of highlands. In the USSR, snow leopard is distributed in the mountains of Central Asia and southern Siberia. Outside the country this species is met in the Himalayas, Tibet, mountains of Mongolia. It is rare everywhere. The annual world trade is less than 1,000 animals. Being a non-numerous species, it causes negligible damage to farming and hunting industry. |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Hunting industry of the USSR. |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 580 |
Serial |
69 |
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| Author |
Aizin B.M. |
| Title |
Distribution, number and seasonal behavioral patterns of Panthera uncia Scheber in Kyrgyzstan |
Type |
Miscellaneous |
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1974 |
Publication |
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Vol. 1. |
Issue |
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Pages |
19-20 |
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Kyrgyzstan; snow leopard; distribution; number; trade.; 5900; Russian |
| Abstract |
In Kyrgyzstan, snow leopard can be met almost in all mountain ridges (Kok-Kiya, Atbasha, Kyrgyz, Terskey, Kungei, Talas, Chatkal, Alai, Zaalai), where it keeps to alpine meadow, woodless rock and snowfield zones. The number of snow leopard does not exceed 1,500 animals. Seven to 10 animals are annually caught for the needs of zoo-export. |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Proceedings of the 1st international congress on mammals. |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 569 |
Serial |
45 |
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| Author |
Aizin B.M. |
| Title |
Rare predatory mammal species and their protection in Kyrgyzstan |
Type |
Miscellaneous |
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1979 |
Publication |
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4-5 |
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Kyrgyzstan; snow leopard; distribution; number; trade.; 5910; Russian |
| Abstract |
Snow leopard is met in all mountain ridges in Kyrgyzstan. Every year 7 10 animals are caught for the purpose of zoo export. Total population of snow leopard in the country does not exceed 1,400 animals. |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Ecologic fundamentals of predatory mammals' protection and sustainable use. |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 570 |
Serial |
46 |
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Friends of the Earth |
| Title |
Like the coat? The last owner was killed in it. |
Type |
Miscellaneous |
| Year |
1981 |
Publication |
Wildlife |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Pages |
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snow leopard, pelt, trade |
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Advertisement |
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no |
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SLN @ rana @ |
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1217 |
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| Author |
Anonymous |
| Title |
Snow leopard trade in court |
Type |
Unsupported: Case |
| Year |
1984 |
Publication |
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Issue |
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Pages |
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snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard; trade; India; people; coat |
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Press note on court findings in India, convicting people in posession of a snow leopard coat. |
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no |
| Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 943 |
Serial |
78 |
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| Author |
Barnes, L.J. |
| Title |
The Overt Illegal Fur Trade in Kathmandu, Nepal |
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Miscellaneous |
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1989 |
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1-17 |
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Nepal; illegal-trade; fur; coats; pelts; skins; browse; illegal; trade; 3160 |
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Iverness Research Associates |
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Unpublished report, Inverness Research Associates, P.O. Box 515, Iverness, California 94937; phone 415.669.1474 |
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no |
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SLN @ rana @ 139 |
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118 |
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| Author |
Anonymous |
| Title |
International Specialists Discuss China's Threatened Cats |
Type |
Miscellaneous |
| Year |
1992 |
Publication |
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Issue |
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Pages |
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China; Iucn; habitat; predator; prey; livestock; herders; conflict; hunting; poaching; trapping; bones; medicine; trade; development; Slims; Cites; protected-areas; parks; preserves; reserves; refuge; browse; protected; areas; 3990 |
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Full text at URL |
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no |
| Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 186 |
Serial |
80 |
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| Author |
Jackson, R. |
| Title |
SSC Plan for Snow Leopard |
Type |
Miscellaneous |
| Year |
1992 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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Issue |
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Pages |
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physiology; status; distribution; description; behavior; reproduction; mating; breeding; vocalization; gestation; biology; habitat; scrapes; sprays; scat; feces; longevity; homerange; home-range; prey; diet; Cites; Iunc; parks; preserves; reserves; refuge; protected-areas; movements; activity; livestock; herders; depredation; conflict; trade; poaching; hunting; research; captivity; management; zoos; Slims; surveys; transects; browse; home range; home; range; protected area; protected areas; protected; area; areas; 3920; plan; snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard |
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Full Text at URL
DRAFT – Revised September 22, 1992 by Rodney Jackson |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 201 |
Serial |
450 |
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| Author |
Heinen, J.T.; Leisure, B. |
| Title |
A new look at Himalayan Fur Trade |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1993 |
Publication |
Oryx |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
27 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
231-238 |
| Keywords |
fur; trade; coat; pelt; poaching; hunting; hunter; browse; 2970 |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
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Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 198 |
Serial |
376 |
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| |
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| Author |
Wajrak, A. |
| Title |
Snow Leopard Skins in Poland (Polowanie Na Sniezna Pantere) |
Type |
Miscellaneous |
| Year |
1994 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
Gazeta Wyborcza. |
| Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
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| Keywords |
Russia; Ussr; skins; furs; pelts; poaching; trade; browse; Soviet-Union; soviet union; soviet; union; 3160; information; 920; snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard; skin |
| Abstract |
Full Text: In 1991, Dr Andrzej Kruszewicz of the Institute of Ecology of the Polish Academy of Sciences saw a “quite fresh” snow leopard skin on sale by a Russian in a Warsaw market for three million Polish zlotys ($300). A few weeks later he saw another skin in a shop in the centre of Warsaw. In spring 1992, Marcin Waslawski from the Institute of Geography saw a snow leopard skin in the same market for the equivalent of $200. The seller was an Asian from a former Soviet Republic. In summer 1992, Wajrak himself saw a snow leopard skin in a hunters' shop in Warsaw and in winter saw one in the home of a Polish hunter, who said it was a gift from a Mongolian friend. In winter 1994, a student from Britain saw a Polish long coat of snow leopard skins in Bialowieza. Wajrak saw a skin in a Warsaw shop, which the owner said was 15-20 years old; he got it from a Polish diplomat who had been in Mongolia and had three snow leopard skins. The skin was priced at the equivalent of $1,000. Wajrak added that he had been told that it was possible to buy tiger skins from Russians in Poland and he was trying to find one; I have not heard from him since. |
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| Notes |
Information from Adam Wajrak of Gazeta Wyboracza (T: 48 2 416 920)
24/4/94. |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 268 |
Serial |
1002 |
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| Author |
Koshkarev, E. |
| Title |
Poaching in Former USSR |
Type |
Miscellaneous |
| Year |
1994 |
Publication |
Snow Line |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
xii |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
6-7 |
| Keywords |
Paoching; hunting; killing; pelts; furs; Kazakhstan; Kyrgyzstan; trade; skins; browse; 4610 |
| Abstract |
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| Address |
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Thesis |
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| Publisher |
International Snow Leopard Trust |
Place of Publication |
Seattle |
Editor |
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Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 448 |
Serial |
562 |
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| Author |
Freeman, H.; Jackson, R.; Hillard, R.; Hunter, D.O. |
| Title |
Project Snow Leopard: a multinational program spearheaded by the International Snow Leopard Trust |
Type |
Conference Article |
| Year |
1994 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
241-245 |
| Keywords |
Project-snow-leopard; biodiversity; conservation; protected-areas; parks; park; refuge; reserve; habitat; status; predator; prey; livestock; herders; poaching; hunting; skins; pelts; coats; fur; bones; medicine; management; livestock-depredation; trade; corridors; trans-boundry; project; protected-area; protected; area; areas; livestock depredation; depredation; browse; 2780 |
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| Publisher |
Islt |
Place of Publication |
Usa |
Editor |
J.L.Fox; Jizeng, D. |
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| Notes |
Full Text at URLTitle, Monographic: Seventh International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: ChinaDate of Copyright: 1994 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 221 |
Serial |
324 |
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| Author |
Jackson, R.; Zongyi, W.; Xuedong, L.; Yun, C. |
| Title |
Snow Leopards in the Qomolangma Nature Preserve of Tibet Autonomous Region |
Type |
Conference Article |
| Year |
1994 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
85-95 |
| Keywords |
Qomolangma; protected-area; parks; preserves; refuge; Nepal; Tibet; China; field-study; blue-sheep; scrapes; sprays; scat; feces; pug-marks; sign; transects; interviews; herders; livestock; predation; predator; traps; trapping; habitat; status; distribution; threats; hunting; pelts; skins; fur; coats; poaching; bones; medicine; Cites; conflict; trade; conservation; management; protected area; protected; area; areas; protected areas; field study; field; study; pug marks; blue; sheep; browse; pug; marks; 3490 |
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Islt |
Place of Publication |
Usa |
Editor |
J.L.Fox; D.Jizeng |
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| Notes |
Full Text at URLTitle, Monographic: Seventh International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: ChinaDate of Copyright: 1994 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 231 |
Serial |
452 |
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| Author |
Anonymous |
| Title |
Trade continues in snow leopard skins |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1996 |
Publication |
Snow Line |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
Xiv |
Issue |
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Pages |
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| Keywords |
trade; pelts; fur; coat; poaching; browse; 3080 |
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Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 284 |
Serial |
83 |
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| Author |
International Snow Leopard Trust |
| Title |
Trade Continues in Snow Leopard Skins |
Type |
Miscellaneous |
| Year |
1996 |
Publication |
Snowline |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
xiv |
Issue |
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Pages |
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| Keywords |
poaching; pelts; trade; asia; Pakistan; China; Kashgar; browse; 4550 |
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Islt |
Place of Publication |
Seattle |
Editor |
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Full Text at URLJournal Title: Snowline |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 443 |
Serial |
924 |
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| Author |
Kattel, B.; Bajimaya, S.S. |
| Title |
Status and Conservation of Snow Leopard in Nepal |
Type |
Conference Article |
| Year |
1997 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
21-27 |
| Keywords |
Nepal; conservation; status; management; predator; prey; blue-sheep; distribution; ecology; habitat; parks; park; reserves; reserve; refuge; livestock; herders; Dogs; herder; yak; goat; hunting; poaching; bone; trade; fur; pelt; pelts; coats; bones; protected-area; blue; sheep; browse; protected; area; protected area; 2280 |
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| Publisher |
International Snow Leopard Trust |
Place of Publication |
Lahore, Pakistan |
Editor |
R.Jackson; A.Ashiq |
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Summary Language |
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Full Text at URLTitle, Monographic: Eighth International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: Islamabad, PakistanDate of Copyright: 1997 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 316 |
Serial |
526 |
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| Author |
Nowell, K. |
| Title |
Markets for Snow Leopard Products |
Type |
Conference Article |
| Year |
1997 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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Issue |
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Pages |
218-221 |
| Keywords |
hunting; poaching; pelts; skins; trade; fur; coat; Cites; bones; medicine; livestock; browse; 3070 |
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Islt |
Place of Publication |
Lahore, Pakistan |
Editor |
R.Jackson; A.Ahmad |
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Full Text at URLTitle, Monographic: Eighth International Snow Leopard SymposiujmPlace of Meeting: Islamabad, PakistanDate of Copyright: 1997 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 322 |
Serial |
730 |
| Permanent link to this record |
