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| Author | Filla, M., Lama, R. P., Filla, T., Heurich, M., Balkenhol, N., Waltert, M., Khorozyan, I. | ||||
| Title | Patterns of livestock depredation by snow leopards and effects of intervention strategies: lessons from the Nepalese Himalaya | Type | Journal Article | ||
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2022 | Publication | Wildlife Research | Abbreviated Journal | |
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| Keywords | Annapurna, co-existence, conservation biology, highland communities, human–wildlife conflict, large carnivore, livestock depredation, Panthera uncia, prey selection, snow leopard. | ||||
| Abstract | Context: Large carnivores are increasingly threatened by anthropogenic activities, and their protection is among the main goals of biodiversity conservation. The snow leopard (Panthera uncia) inhabits high-mountain landscapes where livestock depredation drives it into conflicts with local people and poses an obstacle for its conservation. Aims: The aim of this study was to identify the livestock groups most vulnerable to depredation, target them in implementation of practical interventions, and assess the effectiveness of intervention strategies for conflict mitigation. We present a novel attempt to evaluate intervention strategies for particularly vulnerable species, age groups, time, and seasons. Methods: In 2020, we conducted questionnaire surveys in two regions of the Annapurna Conservation Area, Nepal (Manang, n = 146 respondents and Upper Mustang, n = 183). We applied sample comparison testing, Jacobs’ selectivity index, and generalised linear models (GLMs) to assess rates and spatio-temporal heterogeneity of depredation, reveal vulnerable livestock groups, analyse potential effects of applied intervention strategies, and identify husbandry factors relevant to depredation. Key results: Snow leopard predation was a major cause of livestock mortality in both regions (25.4–39.8%), resulting in an estimated annual loss of 3.2–3.6% of all livestock. The main intervention strategies (e.g. corrals during night-time and herding during daytime) were applied inconsistently and not associated with decreases in reported livestock losses. In contrast, we found some evidence that dogs, deterrents (light, music playing, flapping tape, and dung burning), and the use of multiple interventions were associated with a reduction in reported night-time depredation of yaks. Conclusions and implications: We suggest conducting controlled randomised experiments for quantitative assessment of the effectiveness of dogs, deterrents, and the use of multiple interventions, and widely applying the most effective ones in local communities. This would benefit the long-term co-existence of snow leopards and humans in the Annapurna region and beyond. |
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | SLN @ rakhee @ | Serial | 1684 | ||
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| Author | Kreuzberg-Mukhina, E.; Esipov A.V.; Bykova, E.A.; Vashetko, E.V.; Aromov, B. | ||||
| Title | Development of the national Action Plan for the conservation of Snow Leopard in Uzbekistan. Report: 1-51 | Type | Report | ||
| Year |
2003 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
| Volume | 1-51 | Issue | Pages | 1-52 | |
| Keywords | development; national; action; plan; conservation; snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard; Uzbekistan; Report; Chatkal nature reserve; nature; reserve; Hissar nature reserve; Islt; project; strategy; biology; status; factor; conservation measures; conservation measure | ||||
| Abstract | This document is the final report on the ISLT Project “Development of national Action plan for the conservation of Snow Leopard in Uzbekistan” and a Conservation Strategy for the Snow leopard in Uzbekistan. It includes biology and current status, limiting factors, existing and necessary conservation measures. | ||||
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| Publisher | Place of Publication | Uzbekistan | Editor | ||
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| Notes | Tashkent, Uzbekistan, Institute of Zoology, Chatkal nature reserve, Hissar nature reserve. Final Report on the ISLT project. | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 969 | Serial | 594 | ||
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| Author | Poyarkov, A.D. | ||||
| Title | Some Aspects of Snow Leopard Research Methodology | Type | Conference Article | ||
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2002 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
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| Keywords | snow; leopard; biology; population; probability; presence; study; Slims; indices; research; 5030 | ||||
| Abstract | This report analyses some methodological aspects of snow leopard studies, primarily, on the basis of Russian scientific sources. | ||||
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| Publisher | Islt | Place of Publication | Islt | Editor | |
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| Notes | Title, Monographic: Proceedings of the Snow Leopard Survival SummitPlace of Meeting: Seattle,WA | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 489 | Serial | 787 | ||
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| Author | Chapron, G.; Legendre, S. | ||||
| Title | Some Insights Into Snow Leopard (Uncia Uncia) Demography By Using Stage Structured Population Models | Type | Conference Article | ||
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2002 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
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| Keywords | snow; leopard; uncia; viability; analysis; carnivore; carnivores; domestic; game; demographic; population; mortality; biology; mating; 4910 | ||||
| Abstract | Based on the limited data available on snow leopard demography, we developed deterministic and stochastic stage-structured demographic models to study the population dynamics of this large cat. Our results reveal that even small leopard populations can persist provided their demographic parameters remain high, but less favorable scenarios would require larger population sizes. Population growth rate is more sensitive to breeder survivals than to any other parameters. A snow leopard population would start declining if yearly mortality claims more than 1/5 of the population. This study identifies poaching as a major threat to snow leopard survival and stresses the importance of long-term studies to better understand snow leopard population dynamics. | ||||
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| Publisher | Islt | Place of Publication | Seattle | Editor | |
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| Notes | Title, Monographic: Proceedings of the Snow Leopard Survival SummitPlace of Meeting: Seattle,WA | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 477 | Serial | 213 | ||
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| Author | Aristov A.A. | ||||
| Title | Genus Irbises Uncia Gray, 1854. Irbis or snow leopard Uncia uncia (Schreber, 1775) | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
| Year |
2001 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 329-336 | ||
| Keywords | Russia and adjacent areas; carnivores; snow leopard; taxonomy; morphology; distribution; biology.; 6050; Russian | ||||
| Abstract | An identification table for genus and species of mammals of Russia and adjacent areas is given. The taxonomy, morphology, distribution and life history of carnivores are described. The features of genus Uncia and species Uncia uncia, geographical variability, distribution, biology and value are described in detail. | ||||
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| Notes | Full text available in RussianJournal Title: The mammals of Russia and adjacent territories. Carnivores and Pinnipeds. | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 584 | Serial | 97 | ||
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| Author | Kreuzberg-Mukhina E.A. | ||||
| Title | The Endangered species and Snow Leopard Conservation problems. Schoolbook | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
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2001 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 27 | ||
| Keywords | Uzbekistan; biology; distribution; number; conservation problems; snow leopard.; 7460; Russian | ||||
| Abstract | The manual contains the information on snow leopard species listed in Red Data book of Uzbekistan. The data on its biology, distribution and number in republic and within the world is given. Snow leopard conservation problems are considered. | ||||
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| Notes | Full text available in Russian | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 724 | Serial | 591 | ||
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| Author | Thorel, M.F.; Karoui, C.; Varnerot, A.; Fleury, C.; Vincent, V. | ||||
| Title | Isolation of Mycobacterium bovis from baboons, leopards and a sea-lion | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year |
1998 | Publication | Vet Res | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 29 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 207-212 |
| Keywords | Animal; Animals; zoo; Carnivora; microbiology; Case; Report; Cattle; Dna; Fingerprinting; Transposable; Elements; Disease; Outbreaks; veterinary; France; Genome; Bacterial; Germany; Male; Monkey; Diseases; diagnosis; epidemiology; Mycobacterium; Infections; bovis; classification; isolation; purification; Papio; Seals; browse; 440 | ||||
| Abstract | This study reports on two series of cases of Mycobacterium bovis infection in zoo animals. The first was in a captive population of baboons (Papio hamadryas) and the second in a mixed group of wild mammals, including four leopards (Panthera uncia and Panthera pardus) and a sea-lion (Otaria byrona). The isolation and identification of strains of M. bovis confirmed the presence of M. bovis infections in both zoos. The epidemiological study using genetic markers such as the IS6110-based DNA fingerprinting system made it possible to differentiate between M. bovis strains. The M. bovis strains isolated from baboons were shown to contain a single IS6110 copy, as usually do cattle isolates, whereas the M. bovis strains isolated from the other exotic animals presented multiple copies. This finding suggests that the origin of the contamination for the baboons in zoo A could be related to cattle. The origin of the contamination for the leopards and sea-lion in zoo B is more difficult to determine. In conclusion, the authors suggest some recommendations for avoiding outbreaks of tuberculosis infections in zoos. | ||||
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| ISSN | 0928-4249 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Document Type: eng | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 346 | Serial | 966 | ||
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| Author | Roth, T.L.; Swanson, W.F.; Wildt, D.E.; Collins, D.; Burton, M.; Garell, D.M. | ||||
| Title | Snow leopard (Panthera uncia) spermatozoa are sensitive to alkaline pH, but motility in vitro is not influenced by protein or energy supplements | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
| Year |
1996 | Publication | Journal of Andrology | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 17 | Issue | Pages | 558-566 | |
| Keywords | Felid,comparative biology,sperm culture medium,sperm function,capacitation,sodium bicarbonate. | ||||
| Abstract | To better understand the biology of snow leopard spermatozoa and to facilitate developing assisted reproduction, a series of studies was conducted to: 1) identify the component(s) of complex culture media responsible for the detrimental effect on sperm survival in vitro, 2) optimize medium for supporting sperm viability, and 3) evaluate sperm capacitation in vitro. Constituents of complex media were added systematically to phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) to isolate the factor(s) influencing snow leopard sperm motility in vitro. Sperm capacitation was also assessed following incubation in PBS with bovine serum albumin (BSA), fetal calf serum (FCS), or heparin. For maintaining sperm motility, there was no benefit (P ? 0.05) to supplementing PBS with low (5%) or high (20%) concentrations of snow leopard serum (SLS) versus FCS or BSA. Likewise, adding supplemental energy substrates (pyruvate, glucose, lactate, or glutamine) did not enhance or hinder (P ? 0.05) sperm motility. However, motility rapidly decreased (P < 0.05) with the addition of NaHCO3 to PBS or Ham's F10 nutrient mixture. Surprisingly, Ham's F10 with no buffering component or with both NaHCO3 and N-Z-hydroxyethylpiperazine-N'-2- ethanesulfonic acid (HEPES) maintained sperm motility at levels similar (P ? 0.05) to PBS. Although sperm motility in all treatments decreased with time, there was a strong inverse relationship (P < 0.01; r = 0.90) between motility and sample pH at 6 hours. Spermatozoa incubated in PBS containing FCS, BSA, or heparin did not undergo the acrosome reaction when exposed to calcium ionophore. In summary, alkaline pH has a profound detrimental effect on snow leopard sperm motility, and capacitation does not occur under conditions that normally promote this event in other felid species. These results clearly demonstrate a high degree of interspecific variation among felids in fundamental sperm function, and they provide evidence for the necessity of basic research when developing assisted reproduction in little-studied nondomestic species. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 897 | Serial | 831 | ||
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| Author | Aromov B. | ||||
| Title | The Biology of the Snow Leopard in the Hissar Nature Reserve | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
| Year |
1995 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 108-109 | ||
| Keywords | Uzbekistan; snow leopard; Hissar ridge; Hissar nature reserve; number; diet; breeding.; 6070; Russian; work; Data; biology; snow; snow-leopard; leopard; nature; reserve; snow leopards; snow-leopards; leopards; times; tracks; pugmarks; Feed; ibex; kills; kill; Age; records; predation; Case; horses; horse; marmot; Himalayan; domestic; goat; wild; wild boar; sheep; Cattle; attack | ||||
| Abstract | The work contains data on biology snow leopard in Hissar nature reserve, Uzbekistan. The number of snow leopards in this reserve has increased from two or four in 1981 to between 13 and 17 individuals in 1994. Since 1981, snow leopards have been sighted 72 times and their tracks or pugmarks 223 times. In the Hissar Nature Reserve snow leopards largely feed on ibex. Over a period of 14 years, 92 kills and remains of ibex aged from one to thirteen years of age have been examined. Other records of predation, by the number of events observed, include 33 cases of juvenile and mature horses, 25 long-tailed marmot (Marmota caudata). 18 Himalayan snowcock (Tetraogallus himalayemis), 17 domestic goat, 13 wild boar (Sus scrofa), five domestic sheep and three incidents involving cattle. Twenty-two attacks on domestic flocks were reported, and these occurred during both the daytime and at night. Snow leopards usually mate between the 20th of February and March 20th. The offspring are born in late April to May, and there are usually two per litter (23 encounters), although a single litter of three has also been recorded. | ||||
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| Notes | Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Proceeding of 8th International Snow Leopard Symposium Islamabad. | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 586 | Serial | 99 | ||
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| Author | Dhungel, S. | ||||
| Title | Conservation of the Snow Leopard in Nepal | Type | Conference Article | ||
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1994 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 47-50 | ||
| Keywords | Nepal; conservation; livestock; herder; herders; poaching; hunting; pelts; fur; coat; skin; distribution; status; behavior; predator; prey; breeding; Himalaya; park; parks; reserve; refuge; protected-area; biology; habitat; scent; spray; tracks; scrapes; home-range; mating; bharal; blue-sheep; goral; tahr; musk-deer; blue; sheep; browse; musk; deer; 3030 | ||||
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| Publisher | Islt | Place of Publication | Usa | Editor | Fox, J.L.; Jezing, D. |
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| Notes | full text available at URLTitle, Monographic: Seventh International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: ChinaDate of Copyright: 1994 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 306 | Serial | 241 | ||
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