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Oli, M. K. (1995). The Snow Leopard Dilema: Will they Persist. (pp. 433–441).
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Oshmarin P.G. (1990). Traces in nature.
Abstract: Traces of vital activity of various animal species such as footprints, faeces, food remains, etc. are identified. It also provides information about hunting behavior of predators. Snow leopards would hunt along rather than in groups. Near the remains of prey they leave pieces of skin, skull of victim remaining untouched.
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Plyaskin V.E. (1984). About a methodology of predatory mammals study under the conditions of mountain nature reserves.
Abstract: Methods of studying large predatory mammals in mountain nature reserves are described. The following was recommended in terms of snow leopard: methods of plotting encounter places based on oral questioning of local communities; counts on the sites of traces (1.5 x 1.5 m) with mellow flat soil with odor lure in the center; obtaining indirect data by analyzing data concerning numbers and herds of ibex.
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Puzanov I.I. (1938). Central Asia sub-area.
Abstract: The author describes fauna of the Central Asia sub-area. Snow leopard is a typical inhabitant of the sub-area highlands.
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Qiming, H., & Guoxin, L. (1994). Notes on the keeping of the snow leopard at the Beijing Zoo. In J.L.Fox, & D.Jizeng (Eds.), (pp. 195–197). Usa: Islt.
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Raghavan, B., Bhatnagar, Y., & Qureshi, Q. (2003). Interactions between livestock and Ladakh urial (Ovis vignei vignei); final report.
Abstract: The Ladakh urial (Ovis vignei vignei) is a highly endangered animal (IUCN Red List 2000) listed in the Appendix 1 of CITES and Schedule 1 of the Indian Wildlife Protection Act 1972. Its numbers had been reduced to a few hundred individuals in the 1960s and 70s through hunting for trophies and meat (Fox et al. 1991, Mallon 1983, Chundawat and Qureshi 1999, IUCN Red List 2000). However, with the protection bestowed by the IWPA 1972, and resultant decrease in hunting, the population seems to have shown a marginal increase to about 1000-1500 individuals in its range in Ladakh (Chundawat and Qureshi 1999, IUCN Red List 2000). Although the species had in the past, been able to coexist with the predominantly Buddhist society of Ladakh, the recent increase in the population of both humans and their livestock has placed immense pressures on its habitat (Shackleton 1997, Chundawat and Qureshi 1999, Raghavan and Bhatnagar 2003). This is especially important considering that the Ladakh urial habitat coincides with the areas of maximum human activity in terms of settlements, agriculture, pastoralism and development, in Ladakh (Fox et al. 1991, Chundawat and Qureshi 1999, Raghavan and Bhatnagar 2003). Increased developmental activities such as construction of roads, dams, and military bases in these areas have also increased the access to their habitat. This has consequently made the species more vulnerable to the threats of poaching and habitat destruction (Fox et al. 1991, Chundawat and Qureshi 1999, Raghavan and Bhatnagar 2002). Pressure from increased livestock grazing is one of the major threats faced by the species today (Shackleton 1997, Fox et al. 1991, Mallon 1983, IUCN Red List 2000 Chundawat and Qureshi 1999, Raghavan and Bhatnagar 2003). In the impoverished habitat provided by the Trans-Himalayas, there is great competition for the scarce resources between various animal species surviving here (Fox 1996, Mishra 2001). The presence of livestock intensifies this competition and can either force the species out of its niche (competitive exclusion) by displacing it from that area or resource, or lead to partitioning of resources between the species, spatially or temporally, for coexistence (Begon et al. 1986, Gause 1934).
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Rasool, G. (1994). The status of management of protected areas in the Northern Areas of Pakistan. Tigerpaper, Xxi(1), 23–26.
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Roberts, T. J. (1977). The Mammals of Pakistan. London and Tonbridge: Ernest Benn.
Abstract: Brief description of physical characteristics, ecology,status, and distribution of snow leopard in Pakistan
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Saparbayev, S.K., & Woodward, D. B. (2008). Snow Leopard (Uncia uncia) as an Indicator Species and Increasing Recreation Loads in the Almaty Nature Reserve.
Abstract: The purpose of this research is to analyze the data on ecology, biology and dynamics of snow leopard population in the Almaty Nature Reserve and to identify if the increasing numbers of ecotourists could contribute to the decrease of Uncia uncia population. The results of the study show that increasing recreation loads in the Reserve and adjacent territories elevate the disturbance level to the snow leopard's main prey Siberian Ibex and to the predator itself that could result in a decrease of population of this endangered species or its total extinction.
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Schaller, G. (1987). Surveys of Mountain Wildlife in China, Report # 6.
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