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	Author	Persianova L.A.
	Title	*Snow leopard, or irbis Uncia uncia* Scheber, 1775**			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	1983	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	Vol. 1.	Issue		Pages	32-33
	Keywords	Uzbekistan; Red Data book; endangered species; snow leopard; status of threat; distribution; habitats; number; life-history; threats; conservation measures.; 7880; Russian
	Abstract	Status of snow leopard in Uzbek Red Data Book is rare species with reducing population. It provides data concerning distribution, habitats, biology, threats, and existing and required snow leopard protection measures in Uzbekistan. This species is distributed in the Kurama, Chatkal, Pskem, Ugam, Turkistan, and Gissar ridges. Its population is about 10 animals. There are two snow leopards in the Tashkent zoo. This species is protected in Zaamin, Kizilsu, Miraka, and Chatkal nature reserves.
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	Notes	Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Red Data Book of the Uzbek SSR.			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 766			Serial	769
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	Author	Murray, D.; Kapke, C.; Evermann, J.; Fuller, T.
	Title	Infectious disease and the conservation of free-ranging large carnivores			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1999	Publication	Animal Conservation	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	2	Issue		Pages	241-254
	Keywords	infectous disease; free ranging; browse; infectious; Disease; 80
	Abstract	Large carnivores are of vital importance to the stability and integrity of most ecosystems, but recent declines in free-ranging populations have highlighted the potentially devastating effect of infectious diseases on their conservation. We reviewed the literature on infectious diseases of 34 large (maximum body mass of adults >20 kg) terrestrial carnivore species, 18 of which are considered to be threatened in the wild, and examined reports of antibody prevalence (seroprevalence) and cases of infection, mortality and population decline. Of 52 diseases examined, 44% were viral, 31% bacterial and the remainder were protozoal or fungal. Many infections were endemic in carnivores and/or infected multiple taxonomic families, with the majority probably occurring via inhalation or ingestion. Most disease studies consisted of serological surveys for disease antibodies, and antibody detection tended to be widespread implying that exposure to micro-organisms was common. Seroprevalence was higher in tropical than temperate areas, and marginally higher for infections known to occur in multiple carnivore groups. Confirmation of active infection via micro-organism recovery was less common for ursids than other taxonomic groups. Published descriptions of disease-induced population decline or extinction were rare, and most outbreaks were allegedly the result of direct transmission of rabies or canine distemper virus (CDV) from abundant carnivore species to less-common large carnivores. We conclude that the threat of disease epidemics in large carnivores may be serious if otherwise lethal infections are endemic in reservoir hosts and transmitted horizontally among taxa. To prevent or mitigate future population declines, research efforts should be aimed at identifying both the diseases of potential importance to large carnivores and the ecological conditions associated with their spread and severity.
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	Notes	Document Type: English			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 356			Serial	708
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	Author	Aromov, B.
	Title	Snow Leopard (Uncia uncia) in Hissar Nature Reserve			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	2001	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	Issue 3	Issue		Pages	121-125
	Keywords	Uzbekistan; snow leopard; Hissar ridge; Hissar nature reserve; number; population estimate; diet; wild ibex; livestock; rut; cubs; competitors.; 6080; Russian
	Abstract	Data on distribution, number, diet and breeding of snow leopard in NW spurs of the Hissar Ridge were collected over long-term studies in the span from 1981 to 1994. An increase in the number of this animal from 4 to 17 individuals has been recorded in the Hissar Nature Reserve (Uzbekistan).
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	Notes	Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Proceeding of Nature Reserves in Uzbekistan.			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 587			Serial	100
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	Author	Ishunin G.I.
	Title	Irbis, or snow leopard Felis (Uncia) uncia S¤hr†b†a 1778			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	1961	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	Vol. 3.	Issue		Pages	127-131
	Keywords	Uzbekistan; snow leopard; taxonomy; distribution; behavior; practical use.; 6880; Russian
	Abstract	It describes diagnostic signs and taxonomy of snow leopard as well as its distribution, behavioral patterns and use in Uzbekistan. This predator inhabits the Ugam, Pskem, Chatkal, Turkistan, and Gissar ridges. It mainly preys on ibex, and marmots, vole-mouse, and snow-cocks. Sometimes it attacks domestic sheep. Snow leopard is of low commercial value. The cost of skin is 4 roubles 70 kopecks. Only a few skins are purchased.
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	Notes	Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Fauna of the Uzbek SSR. Mammals (predators and ungulates).			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 666			Serial	412
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	Author	Koshkarev E.
	Title	What has happened to the snow leopard after the break-up of Soviet Union?			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	2000	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	4 (19)	Issue		Pages	72
	Keywords	Central Asia; status; poaching; conservation measures; snow leopard.; 7280; Russian
	Abstract	It describes status of snow leopard in republics of the former Soviet Union, main reasons for poaching and negative and positive experience on species conservation. The total number of snow leopard in Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan in the 1980's was at least 1200-1400. In Kazakhstan the snow leopard population totaled 180-200, in Uzbekistan around 100, and in Russia 150-200. The number and natural habitat of the species were in universal decline. Losses in Kyrgyzstan from poaching alone were no less than 30 animals per year in 1960-1980's. During this period the population in this area decreased by half, and the natural habitat by one third. With the break-up of the Soviet Union, poaching of the snow leopard and its pray grew by at least a factor of 3-4. It was estimated that 500-600 animals reduced the Kyrgyz snow leopard population in the 1990's. The population that remains today can barely be more than 150-200 individual snow leopards. The population has been physically decimated. Number of snow leopard in existence today in the former Soviet Union does not exceed 700-900 individual animals.
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	Notes	Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Nature conservation Journal.			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 706			Serial	556
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	Author	Mallon, D.
	Title	The snow leopard in Ladakh			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1984	Publication	International Pedigree Book of Snow Leopards	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	4	Issue		Pages	23-37
	Keywords	Ladakh; India; livestock; herders; tracking; tracks; surveys; sign; distribution; predator; prey; herder; mortality; conservation; status; browse; 2380
	Abstract	Reports on 1 summer survey and four winter surveys covering some 3100 km in Ladakh, India. Reports on snow leopard sign commonly found, distribution, prey, attacks on livestock and peoples reaction, mortality factors and conservation status. Suggest recomendations for preventing unnecessary killing of snow leopards and estimates population of 100 to 200 snow leopards in Ladakh
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	Notes	Full text available at URL			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 78			Serial	642
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	Author	McVittie, R.
	Title	Nursing behavior of snow leopard cubs			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1978	Publication	Applied-Animal-Ethology	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	4	Issue	2	Pages	159-168
	Keywords	suckling; behavior; veterinary; zoo; zoos; medical; browse; 1580
	Abstract	Reports that a preliminary project on nursing behavior in 3 young snow leopards revealed 2 phases in suckling pattern: nonnutritive and nutritive. The latter was distinguished by stereotypic rhythmical movements of the ears associated with swallowing. The cubs also demonstrated a teat preference, but the adaptive significance of such preferences and the accompanying agonistic behavior were unclear. (27 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2000 APA, all rights reserved)(unassigned)
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	Notes	Document Type: English			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 37			Serial	669
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	Author	The Snow Leopard Conservancy
	Title	A Learning Tour of the CBN (Corbett, Nainital and Binsar) Eco-tourism Initiative Sites by Villagers from Hemis National Park and the Surrounding Area (18-28th November 2002)			Type	Report
	Year	2002	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	SLC Field Document Series No 5	Issue		Pages
	Keywords	Ladakh; Himalayas; Himalaya; Karakoram; mountains; mountain; landscape; tourists; trans-himalayan; transhimalayan; biodiversity; home; snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard; tourism; number; ecotourism; 80; conservation; traditional; local; community; Culture; income; people; leh; travel; rural; Snow Leopard Conservancy; ecotourism activities; ecotourism-activities; activities; activity; Hemis; national; national park; National-park; park; livelihood; loss; livestock; Animals; Animal; local people; NGO's; eco-tourism; villagers; area
	Abstract	Ladakh lies between the Great Himalayas and the formidable Karakoram mountains. Its unique landscape and rich cultural heritage have been a great attraction to tourists all over the world. Apart from its uniqueness it has a rich Trans-Himalayan bio-diversity and is home to the rare and elusive snow leopard. It opened to tourism in 1974 with a handful of tourists and has gone up to the present number of about 18,000 visitors annually. Ecotourism started in Ladakh in mid 80s in the form of conservation of traditional architecture when local communities realized the importance of their rich culture and traditions being valued by the visiting tourists. However, while tourism became a major source of income to people in Leh, most of the benefits stayed with outside (Delhi) based travel agents thus leaving out the rural masses. During the last three years Snow Leopard Conservancy and The Mountain Institute have been initiating ecotourism activities with local communities in the Hemis National Park as an alternate livelihood and an indirect way to compensate losses of livestock from predatory animals. However, local people while venturing into such new initiatives have tended to be like blind men that are being led by NGO's so that they do not stumble along their paths.
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	Publisher		Place of Publication	Leh, Ladakh, India	Editor	Wangchuk, R.; Dadul, J.
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 1025			Serial	963
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	Author	Smirnov, M.N.; Sokolov, G.A.; Zyryanov, A.N.
	Title	The Snow Leopard (Uncia Uncia Scherber 1776) in Siberia			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1990	Publication	Int.Nat.Ped.Book of Snow Leopards	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	6	Issue		Pages	9-15
	Keywords	siberia; status; distribution; Russia; Ussr; Soviet-Union; browse; soviet union; soviet; union; Altai; Sayan; population; tracks; tracking; petroglyphs; skins; pelts; prey; 2880
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	Notes	Full text available at URL			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 77			Serial	901
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	Author	Wildt, D.; Pukazhenthi, B.; Brown, J.; Monfort, S.; Howard, J.; Roth, T.
	Title	Spermatology for understanding, managing and conserving rare species			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1995	Publication	Reproduction Fertility and Development	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	7	Issue	4	Pages	811-824
	Keywords	Assisted-Reproduction; Cryopreservation; reproduction; zoo; medical; veterinary; spermatology; genetics; browse; assisted; 1380
	Abstract	Most conventional spermatology research involves common mammalian species including livestock, laboratory animals and humans. Yet, there are more than 4500 mammalian species inhabiting the planet for which little is known about basic reproductive biology, including sperm characteristics and function. This information is important, not just as adjunct knowledge, but because the majority of these species are threatened with extinction, largely due to human-induced pressures. The field of conservation is changing rapidly, and global cooperation is emerging among a variety of wildlife enthusiasts, ranging from management authorities of nature reserves to curators of rare zoological collections. Conservation progress depends on systematic, multidisciplinary research first to answer basic questions, with new data then applied to endangered species management plans. The reproductive physiologist is a crucial component of this scheme. Reproduction is the essence of species survival, and enormous effort needs to be directed at these 'untraditional' research species, subspecies and populations. Spermatology research combined with simultaneous efforts in endocrinology, embryology and cryopreservation (among others) can lead to the successful application of assisted reproduction. Examples from this laboratory include an array of wild felid species and a rare cervid and mustelid. Obstacles to success are formidable, including unique species-specificities, diminished genetic diversity and a general lack of resources. Nonetheless, the field offers tremendous opportunities for generating unique knowledge of comparative interest and with conservation utility.
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	Notes	Document Type: English			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 278			Serial	1024
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