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	Author	Ale, S.B.; Yonzon, P.; Thapa, K.
	Title	Recovery of snow leopard Uncia uncia in Sagarmatha (Mount Everest) National Park, Nepal			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	2007	Publication	Oryx	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	41	Issue		Pages	89-92
	Keywords	Nepal; recovery; Sagarmatha Mount Everest National Park; snow leopard; Uncia uncia; surveys; survey; snow; snow-leopard; leopard; uncia; Uncia-uncia; valley; Sagarmatha; national; national park; National-park; park; using; information; management; system; research; transects; transect; sign; areas; area; snow leopards; snow-leopards; leopards; 40; Himalayan; tahr; musk; musk-deer; deer; location; recent; species; grazing; land; Forest; habitat; domestic; wild; ungulates; ungulate; livestock; tourism; development; traditional; land use; land-use; use; wildlife
	Abstract	From September to November 2004 we conducted surveys of snow leopard Uncia uncia signs in three major valleys in Sagarmatha (Mount Everest) National Park in Nepal using the Snow Leopard Information Management System, a standardized survey technique for snow leopard research. We walked 24 transects covering c. 14 km and located 33 sites with 56 snow leopard signs, and 17 signs incidentally in other areas. Snow leopards appear to have re-inhabited the Park, following their disappearance c. 40 years ago, apparently following the recovery of Himalayan tahr Hemitragus jemlahicus and musk deer Moschus chrysogaster populations. Taken together the locations of all 73 recent snow leopard signs indicate that the species is using predominantly grazing land and shrubland/ open forest at elevations of 3,000-5,000 m, habitat types that are also used by domestic and wild ungulates. Sagarmatha is the homeland of c. 3,500 Buddhist Sherpas with .3,000 livestock. Along with tourism and associated developments in Sagarmatha, traditional land use practices could be used to ensure coexistence of livestock and wildlife, including the recovering snow leopards, and ensure the wellbeing of the Sherpas.
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	Notes	http://www.snowleopardnetwork.org/bibliography/Ale_2007.pdf			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 884			Serial	58
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	Author	Bohnett, E., Faryabi, S. P., Lewison, R., An, L., Bian, X., Rajabi, A. M., Jahed, N., Rooyesh, H., Mills, E., Ramos, S., Mesnildrey, N., Perez, C. M. S., Taylor, J., Terentyev, V., Ostrowski, S.
	Title	Human expertise combined with artificial intelligence improves performance of snow leopard camera trap studies			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2023	Publication	Global Ecology & Conservation	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	41	Issue	e02350	Pages	1-13
	Keywords	Snow leopard, Artificial intelligence, Camera trap misclassification, individual ID, HotSpotter
	Abstract	Camera trapping is the most widely used data collection method for estimating snow leopard (Panthera uncia) abundance; however, the accuracy of this method is limited by human observer errors from misclassifying individuals in camera trap images. We evaluated the extent Whiskerbook (www.whiskerbook.org), an artificial intelligence (AI) software, could reduce this error rate and enhance the accuracy of capture-recapture abundance estimates. Using 439 images of 34 captive snow leopard individuals, classification was performed by five observers with prior experience in individual snow leopard ID (“experts”) and five observers with no such experience (“novices”). The “expert” observers classified 35 out of 34 snow leopard individuals, on average erroneously splitting one individual into two, thus resulting in a higher number than true individuals. The success rate of experts was 90 %, with less than a 3 % error in estimating the population size in capture-recapture modeling. However, the “novice” observers successfully matched 71 % of encounters, recognizing 25 out of 34 individuals, underestimating the population by 25 %. It was found that expert observers significantly outperformed novice observers, making statistically fewer errors (Mann Whitney U test P = 0.01) and finding the true number of individuals (P = 0.01). These differences were contrasted with a previous study by Johansson et al. 2020, using the same subset of 16 individuals from European zoos. With the help of AI and the Whiskerbook platform, “experts” were able to match 87 % of encounters and identify 15 out of 16 individuals, with modeled estimates of 16 ± 1 individuals. In contrast, “novices” were 63 % accurate in matching encounters and identified 12 out of 16 individuals, modeling 12 ± 1 individuals that underestimated the population size by 12 %. When comparing the performance of observers using AI and the Whiskerbook platform to observers performing the tasks manually, we found that observers using Whiskerbook made significantly fewer errors in splitting one individual into two (P = 0.04). However, there were also a significantly higher number of combination errors, where two individuals were combined into one (P = 0.01). Specifically, combination errors were found to be made by “novices” (P = 0.04). Although AI benefited both expert and novice observers, expert observers outperformed novices. Our results suggest that AI effectively reduced the misclassification of individual snow leopards in camera trap studies, improving abundance estimates. However, even with AI support, expert observers were needed to obtain the most accurate estimates.
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rakhee @			Serial	1715
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	Author	Blomqvist, L.
	Title	The snow leopard in captivity in 1992			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1995	Publication	International Zoo News	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	42	Issue	3	Pages	152-159
	Keywords	captivity; snow leopard
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	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 958			Serial	166
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	Author	Egorov O.V.
	Title	Enemies, infections, parasites and mortality rate of ibex			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	1955	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	Vol. 42.	Issue		Pages	37-50
	Keywords	Ussr; ungulates; predators; snow leopard.; 6520; Russian
	Abstract	Reasons for ibex and argali mortality from natural enemies, parasites, infections, accidents, and hunters are analyzed. Snow leopard is one of the most dangerous enemies of ibex and argali, preying equally on both young and mature animals (mostly males). Snow leopard feeds upon ibex all year round. Unlike wolf, snow leopard would never kill several animals at a time, but only one selected victim. The food remains left by these predators are different in terms of the skull gnawing. Nasal bones and eye-sockets on the skull of ibex killed by snow leopard remain undamaged, while wolf gnaws off nasal part of the skull, breaks eye-sockets, eats lower jaw, widens occipital hole and pulls out brains. Snow leopard leaves large pieces of skin around the skeleton of the victim, whereas wolf tears it to shreds or eats up fully. Sometimes parts of the victim left by snow leopard are eaten by wolf. It is easy to mix the remains of snow leopard's or griffon vulture's food. The remains differ in skin being turned inside out rather than torn to large pieces.
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	Notes	Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Proceedings of ZIN of the Academy of Science of the USSR.			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 630			Serial	251
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	Author	Jackson, R.; Roe, J.; Wangchuk, R.; Hunter, D.
	Title	Camera-Trapping of Snow Leopards			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2005	Publication	Cat News	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	42	Issue	Spring	Pages	19-21
	Keywords	camera trapping; snow; snow leopards; snow leopard; snow-leopards; snow-leopard; leopards; leopard; felids; tigers; tiger; techniques; surveys; survey; information; factor; marking; behavior; Ahlborn; Jackson; habitat; status; range; census; India; Hemis; High; national; national park; National-park; park; Ladakh; leh
	Abstract	Solitary felids like tigers and snow leopards are notoriously difficult to enumerate, and indirect techniques like pugmark surveys often produce ambiguous information that is difficult to interpret because many factors influence marking behavior and frequency (Ahlborn & Jackson 1988). Considering the snow leopard's rugged habitat, it is not surprising then that information on its current status and occupied range is very limited. We adapted the camera-trapping techniques pioneered by Ullas Karanth and his associates for counting Bengal tigers to the census taking of snow leopards in the Rumbak watershed of the India's Hemis High Altitude National Park (HNP), located in Ladakh near Leh (76ø 50' to 77ø 45' East; 33ø 15' to 34ø 20'North).
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	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 1017			Serial	475
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	Author	Schaller, G.B.
	Title	Status of large mammals in the Taxkorgan Reserve, Xinjiang, China			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1987	Publication	Biological-Conservation	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	42	Issue	1	Pages	53-71
	Keywords	Marco-Polo; sheep; Ovis-ammon-poli; Asiatic; ibex; Capra-ibex; blue-sheep; Pseudois-nayaur; snow; leopard; Panthera-uncia; wolf; Canis-lupus; brown; bear; Ursus-arctos; marmot; survey; status; China; Taxkorgan; reserve; capra ibex; snow leopard; blue; browse; marco polo; ovis; ammon; poli; capra; pseudois nayaur; panthera; uncia; canis; lupus; ursus arctos; 880
	Abstract	A status survey of large mammals was conducted in the W half of 14 000 km“SUP 2” Taxkorgan Reserve. Only one viable population of fewer than 150 Marco Polo sheep Ovis ammon poli survives; it appears to be augmented by adult males from Russia and Afghanistan during the winter rut. Asiatic ibex Capra ibex occur primarily in the western part of the reserve and blue sheep Pseudois nayaur – the most abundant wild ungulate – in the E and SE parts. The 2 species overlap in the area of contact. Counts revealed an average wild ungulate density of 0.34 animals km“SUP -2”. Snow leopard Panthera uncia were rare, with possibly 50-75 in the reserve, as were wolves Canis lupus and brown bear Ursus arctos. The principal spring food of snow leopard was blue sheep (60%) and marmot (29%). Local people have greatly decimated wildlife. Overgrazing by livestock and overuse of shrubs for fuelwood is turning this arid steppe habitat into desert. -from Authors
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	Notes	Full Text Available at URLDocument Type: English			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 100			Serial	866
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	Author	Sulser, C.E.; Steck, B.L.; Baur, B.
	Title	Effects of construction noise on behaviour of and exhibit use by Snow leopards Uncia uncia at Basel zoo			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	2008	Publication	International Zoo Yearbook	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	42	Issue		Pages	199-205
	Keywords	behaviour; captive; construction noise; exhibit use; snow leopard; Uncia uncia; zoo
	Abstract	Noise caused by human activities can cause stress in animals. We examined whether noise from construction sites affects the behaviour of and exhibit use by three Snow leopards Uncia uncia at Basel zoo. The behaviour and location of the animals were recorded at 1 minute intervals, using the instantaneous scan sampling method over a period of 216 hours (104 hours on noisy days and 112 hours on quiet days). The animals differed individually in their responses to the construction noise. On noisy days, the Snow leopards generally spent less time in locomotion and more time resting, but even on quiet days, resting was the predominant behaviour performed. Under noisy conditions, they increased social resting and decreased resting alone. Walking and social walking were also reduced on noisy days. Furthermore, the Snow leopards spent considerably more time in the remote offexhibit enclosure under noisy conditions. Independent of background noise, they stayed more than half of the time in the caves and the forecourts of the outdoor enclosure. On quiet days, the Snow leopards used more sectors of their exhibit than on noisy days. The results indicate that the Snow leopards responded to construction noise by increasing the amount of time spent resting and by withdrawing to the remote parts of their exhibit.
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	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 910			Serial	943
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	Author	Xu, A.; Jiang, Z.; Li, C.; Guo, J.; Da, S.; Cui, Q.; Yu, S.; Wu, G.
	Title	Status and conservation of the snow leopard Panthera uncia in the Gouli Region, Kunlun Mountains, China			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	2008	Publication	Oryx	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	42	Issue		Pages	460-463
	Keywords	Camera trapping,China,human-wildlife conflict,Kunlun Mountains,Panthera uncia,snow leopard,trace.
	Abstract	The elusive snow leopard Panthera unica is a rare and little studied species in China. Over 1 March-15 May 2006 we conducted a survey for the snow leopard in the Gouli Region, East Burhanbuda Mountain, Kunlun Mountains, Qinghai Province, China, in an area of c. 300 km2 at altitudes of 4,000-4,700 m. We surveyed 29 linear transects with a total length of c. 440 km, and located a total of 72 traces (pug marks, scrapes and urine marks) of snow leopard along four of the transects. We obtained eight photographs of snow leopard from four of six camera traps. We also recorded 1,369 blue sheep, 156 Tibetan gazelles, 47 argali, 37 red deer and one male white-lipped deer. We evaluated human attitudes towards snow leopard by interviewing the heads of 27 of the 30 Tibetan households living in the study area. These local people did not consider that snow leopard is the main predator of their livestock, and thus there is little retaliatory killing. Prospects for the conservation of snow leopard in this area therefore appear to be good. We analysed the potential threats to the species and propose the establishment of a protected area for managing snow leopard and the fragile alpine ecosystem of this region. (c) 2008 Fauna & Flora International.
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	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 900			Serial	1032
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	Author	Shi, K.; Jun, Z.F.S.; Zhigang, D.; Riordan, P.; MacDonald, D.
	Title	Reconfirmation of snow leopards in Taxkurgan Nature Reserve, Xinjiang, China			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2009	Publication	Oryx	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	43	Issue	2	Pages	169-170
	Keywords	administration; Beijing; China; conservation; global; habitat; management; nature; presence; province; range; research; reserve; snow-leopard; snow-leopards; snow leopard; snow leopards; species; uncia; wildlife; Xinjiang
	Abstract	China may hold a greater proportion of the global snow leopard Panthera uncia population than any other country, with the area of good quality suitable habitat, estimated at nearly 300,000 km2, comprising .50% of that available across the species' entire range. We can now reconfirm the presence of snow leopard in the Taxkurgan area of Xinjiang Province in north-west China after a period of 20 years.
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	Publisher	Fauna & Flora International	Place of Publication	United Kingdom	Editor
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	Notes	SHI KUN Institute of Wildlife Conservation and Management, Beijing Forestry University, China ZHU FUDE SHI JUN and DAI ZHIGANG Xinjiang Forestry Administration, China PHILIP RIORDAN and DAVID MACDONALD Wildlife Conservation Research Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Tubney House, Abingdon Road, Tubney, Abingdon, OX13 5QL, UK. E-mail philip.riordan@zoo.ox.ac.uk			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 1056			Serial	884
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	Author	Schaller, G.B.; Jurang, R.; Mingjiang, Q.
	Title	Status of snow leopard (Panthera-uncia) in Qinghai-Province and Gansu Province-China			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1988	Publication	Biological Conservation	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	45	Issue	3	Pages	179-194
	Keywords	status; population; China; Qinhai-province; Gansu-province; conservation; snow-leopard; Panthera-uncia; prey; ungulates; blue-sheep; marmot; snow leopard; blue; sheep; browse; qinhai province; qinhai; province; gansu province; gansu; panthera uncia; panthera; uncia; 860
	Abstract	The status and distribution of the snow leopard Panthera uncia was investigated in two provinces of China. The cats occur over about 65,000km2 or 9% of the Qinghai Province, and in a few places along the western edge of Gansu Province. In many areas the animals have in recent decades been decimated or locally eradicated, as have their prey. Counts of wild ungulates in 9 mountain block, totalling 1375km2, known for abundant wildlife, had an average of 1.4-5.4 animals km2, principally blue sheep Psuedois nayaur, which together with marmot Marmota himalayana, represent the snow leopards main prey. Possibly 650 snow leopards survive in Qinghai but shooting and trapping of this legally protected animal and the hunting of blue sheep for local consumtion and export threaten their existence.
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	Notes	Publisher:ELSEVIER SCI LTD, OXFORD			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 113			Serial	867
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	Author	McCarthy, T.; Khan, J.; Ud-Din, J.; McCarthy, K.
	Title	First study of snow leopards using GPS-satellite collars underway in Pakistan			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2007	Publication	Cat News	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	46	Issue	Spring	Pages	22-23
	Keywords	study; snow; snow leopards; snow leopard; snow-leopards; snow-leopard; leopards; leopard; using; collars; collar; Pakistan; uncia; Uncia uncia; Uncia-uncia; habitat; Cats; cat; sound; knowledge; ecology; behavior; conserve; information; radio; radio collars; radio collar; radio-collars; radio-collar; Nepal; 1980; Mongolia; 1990; Gps; Report; Data; Satellite
	Abstract	Snow leopards (Uncia uncia) are highly cryptic and occupy remote inaccessible habitat, making studying the cats difficult in the extreme. Yet sound knowledge of the cat's ecology, behavior and habitat needs is required to intelligently conserve them. This information is lacking for snow leopards, and until recently so was the means to fill that knowledge gap. Two long-term studies of snow leopards using VHF radio collars have been undertaken in Nepal (1980s) and Mongolia (1990s) but logistical and technological constraints made the findings of both studies equivocal. Technological advances in the interim, such as GPS collars which report data via satellite, make studies of snow leopards more promising, at least in theory.
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	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 1009			Serial	666
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	Author	Marma, B.B., Yunchis, V.V.
	Title	Biology of the snow leopard (Panthera uncia uncia)			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1969	Publication	Zoologicheskii Zhurnal	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	47	Issue	11	Pages	1689-1694
	Keywords	snow leopard, captivity, Panthera uncia, reproduction, Kaunas Zoo, Lithuania
	Abstract	The methods to obtain progeny of the snow-leopard (Panthera uncia uncia) in captivity were being elaborated in the zoological garden of Kaunas, Lithuanian SSR. The blood characteristics for snow-leopards is given and compared to that for African lions and Sumatran tigers. A series of internal, external and clinical indices is established. The rut lasts for 5-7 day, the duration of pregnancy equals 98 days. The duration of lactation varies from 3 to 4 months. Sexual maturity is attained on the 3rd-4th year. From 1960 to 1967 in zoological ghardens of the world abuot 29 snow-leopards were born. 14 of them -- in the Kauna zoological garden.
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	Language	Russian	Summary Language		Original Title
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @			Serial	1249
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	Author	Freeman, H., Braden, K.
	Title	Zoo location as a factopr in the reproductive behavior of captive snow leopards, Uncia uncia			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1977	Publication	Zoological Garten J.F.	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	47	Issue	3/4	Pages	280-288
	Keywords	snow leopard, captivity, behavior, breeding, reproduction
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	Call Number	SLN @ rana @			Serial	1256
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	Author	Singh, R., Krausman, P. R., Pandey, P., Maheshwari, A., Rawal, R. S., Sharma, S., Shekhar, S.
	Title	Predicting Habitat Suitability of Snow Leopards in the Western Himalayan Mountains, India			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2020	Publication	Biology bulletin	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	47	Issue	6	Pages	655-664
	Keywords	biogeographic distribution, climate, endangered cat, MaxEnt, snow leopard
	Abstract	The population of snow leopard (Panthera uncia) is declining across their range, due to poaching, habitat fragmentation, retaliatory killing, and a decrease of wild prey species. Obtaining information on rare and cryptic predators living in remote and rugged terrain is important for making conservation and management strategies. We used the Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) ecological niche modeling framework to predict the potential habitat of snow leopards across the western Himalayan region, India. The model was developed using 34 spatial species occurrence points in the western Himalaya, and 26 parameters including, prey species distribution, temperature, precipitation, land use and land cover (LULC), slope, aspect, terrain ruggedness and altitude. Thirteen variables contributed 98.6% towards predicting the distribution of snow leopards. The area under the curve (AUC) score was high (0.994) for the training data from our model, which indicates pre- dictive ability of the model. The model predicted that there was 42432 km2 of potential habitat for snow leop- ards in the western Himalaya region. Protected status was available for 11247 km2 (26.5%), but the other 31185 km2 (73.5%) of potential habitat did not have any protected status. Thus, our approach is useful for predicting the distribution and suitable habitats and can focus field surveys in selected areas to save resources, increase survey success, and improve conservation efforts for snow leopards.
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1629
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	Author	Tallian, A., Mattisson, J., Samelius, G., Odden, J., Mishra, C., Linnell, J. D. C., Lkhagvajav, P., Johansson, O.
	Title	Wild versus domestic prey: Variation in the kill-site behavior of two large felids			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2023	Publication	Global Ecology and Conservation	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	47	Issue	e026750	Pages	1-13
	Keywords	Eurasian lynx, Handling time, Landscape, Livestock, Predation, Snow leopard
	Abstract	Livestock depredation is an important source of conflict for many terrestrial large carnivore species. Understanding the foraging behavior of large carnivores on domestic prey is therefore important for both mitigating conflict and conserving threatened carnivore populations. Handling time is an important, albeit often overlooked, component of predatory behavior, as it directly influences access to food biomass, which can affect predator foraging efficiency and subsequent kill rates. We used long-term data on snow leopards (Panthera uncia) in Mongolia (Asia) and Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) in Norway (Europe) to examine how large carnivore foraging patterns varied between domestic and wild prey, and how the different landscape characteristics affected those patterns. Our results suggest handling time was generally shorter for domestic compared to wild prey. For snow leopards, rugged terrain was linked to increased handling time for larger prey. For lynx, handling time increased with terrain ruggedness for domestic, but not wild, prey, and was greater in closed compared to open habitats. There were also other differences in snow leopard and lynx foraging behavior, e.g., snow leopards also stayed longer at, and remained closer to, their kill sites than lynx. Shorter handling time suggests that felids may have utilized domestic prey less effectively than wild prey, i.e., they spent less time consuming their prey. This could a) result in an energetic or fitness cost related to decreased felid foraging efficiency caused by the risk of anthropogenic disturbance, or b) exacerbate conflict if reduced handling time associated with easy prey results in increased livestock depredation.
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rakhee @			Serial	1737
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	Author	Shafiq, M.M.; Abid, A.
	Title	Status of large mammal species in Khunjerab National Park			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1998	Publication	Pakistan Journal of Forestry	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	48	Issue	1-4	Pages	91-96
	Keywords	Khunjerab-National-Park; large-mammals; endangered species; snow leopard; Uncia uncia; wolf; fox; ibex; sheep; bear; prey; predator; protected-area; Khunjerab; browse; national; park; large; mammals; endangered; species; uncia; protected; 560
	Abstract	Study on the current status of large mammals species population was carried out in Khunjerab National Park, Northern Areas. The observation recorded showed that the population of Tibetan Red fox (Vulpes vulpes montana), Snow leopard (Uncia uncia), and Wolf (Canis lupus) have, though a bit, increased but are still in the rank of “Endangered”. While the population of Himalyan Ibex (Cpara ibex sibirica) is increasing more rapidly and their status is now “Common” in the Park. The limited population of Marcopolo sheep (Ovis ammon polii), Tibetan wild Ass (Equus hemionus kiang) and Brown bear (Urus arctos) is still under threat, and comes them under “Critical Endangered” category.
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	Corporate Author				Thesis
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	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	Document Type: English Call Number: 634.909547 PA			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 342			Serial	879
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	Author	Williams, N.
	Title	2008 International Conference on Range-wide Conservation Planning for Snow Leopards: Saving the Species Across its Range			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2008	Publication	Cat News	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	48	Issue		Pages	33-34
	Keywords	Panthera, conference,Beijing, China, 2008, planning, Wildlife Conservation Society, Snow Leopard Trust, Snow Leopard Network, Chinese Institute of Zoology
	Abstract	Over 100 snow leopard experts, enthusiasts, and government officials gathered in the outskirts of Beijing, China from March 7–11, 2008 for the firstever International Conference on Range-wide Conservation Planning for Snow Leopards. Conference organizers included Panthera, Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS), Snow Leopard Trust (SLT), Snow Leopard Network (SLN), and the Chinese Institute of Zoology.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @			Serial	1344
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	Author	Brown, J.L.; Wasser, S.K.; Wildt, D.E.; Graham, L.H.
	Title	Steroid Metabolism and the Effectiveness of Fecal Assays for Assessing Reproductive Status in Felids			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1994	Publication	Biology of Reproduction	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	50	Issue	suppl 1	Pages	185
	Keywords	fecal-analysis; breeding; reproduction; medicine; medical; zoo; zoos; veterinary; snow-leopard; snow leopard; browse; fecal; analysis; 1420
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	Twenty-seventh Annual Meeting of the Society for the Study of Reproduction, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA, July 24-27, 1994 Call Number: QP251 .B56			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 203			Serial	197
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	Author	Ming, M.; Chundawat R.S.; Jumabay, K.; Wu, Y.; Aizeizi, Q.; Zhu, M.H.
	Title	Camera trapping of snow leopards for the photo capture rate and population size in the Muzat Valley of Tianshan Mountains			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2006	Publication	Acta Theriologica Sinica	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	52	Issue	4	Pages	788-793
	Keywords	behavior; camera trapping; capture; China; Chinese; density; feces; fox; ibex; infrared trapping cameras; livestock; photo; population; research; reserve; sign; snow leopard; survey; Tianshan Mountains; Tomur; transect; Uncia uncia; Xinjiang
	Abstract	The main purpose of this work was to study the use of infrared trapping cameras to estimate snow leopard Uncia uncia population size in a specific study area. This is the first time a study of this nature has taken place in China. During 71 days of field work, a total of 36 cameras were set up in five different small vales of the Muzat Valley adjacent to the Tomur Nature Reserve in Xinjiang Province, E80ø35' – 81ø00' and N42ø00' – 42ø10', elevation 2'300 – 3'000 m, from 18th October to 27th December 2005. We expended approximately 2094 trap days and nights total (c. 50'256 hours). At least 32 pictures of snow leopards, 22 pictures of other wild species (e.g. chukor, wild pig, ibex, red fox, cape hare) and 72 pictures of livestock were taken by the passive Cam Trakker (CT) train monitor in about 16 points of the Muzat Valley. The movement distance of snow leopard was 3-10 km/day. And the capture rate or photographic rate of snow leopard was 1.53%. Meanwhile, 20 transects were run and 31 feces sample were collected. According to 32 photos, photographic rate and sign survey after snowing on the spot, were about 5-8 individuals of snow leopards in the research area, and the minimum density of snow leopard in Muzat Valley was 2.0 – 3.2 individuals/100 km2. We observed the behavior of ibex for 77.3 hours, and found about 20 groups and a total of approximately 264 ibexes in the research area.
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	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	In Chinese			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 971			Serial	683
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	Author	Zhang, L., Lian, X., Yang, X
	Title	Population density of snow leopards (Panthera Uncia) in the Yage Valley Region of the Sanjiangyuan National Park: Conservation Implications and future directions			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2020	Publication	Artic, Antartic and Alpine Research	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	52	Issue	1	Pages	541-550
	Keywords	Snow leopard; population density; camera trapping; Tibetan Plateau; alpine ecosystem
	Abstract	Population-based studies on snow leopard (Panthera uncia) are of theoretical and practical sig- nificance for the conservation of alpine ecosystems, though geographic remoteness and isolation hinder surveys in many promising regions. The Sanjiangyuan National Park on the Tibetan Plateau is acknowledged as a main snow leopard habitat, but most of the region remains unexplored and unknown. We adopted a combined approach of route survey and camera trapping survey to explore the population density of snow leopard in the Yage Valley region of the Sanjiangyuan National Park. Results indicated that (1) large populations of blue sheep contributed to the major food supply for snow leopards, along with diverse prey species as dietary supplementations, and (2) a population density of four to six snow leopards per 100 km2 on the north bank was estimated, and nine to fourteen individuals within the valley core areas were identified. We also argue that under the potential impacts of hydropower dams, this valley ecosystem should be symbolized as a conservation hotspot and therefore merits prioritized conservation. We recommend further surveys combined with novel methods/techniques and advocate a sustainable ecotourism model for the first V-shaped valley along the Yangtze mainstream.
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	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1619
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	Author	Ale, S., Thapa, K., Jackson, R., Smith, J.L.D.
	Title	The fate of snow leopards in and around Mt. Everest			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2010	Publication	Cat News	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	53	Issue	Autumn	Pages	19-21
	Keywords	Mt. Everest, Everest, Rolwaling, snow leopard, re-colonize, Nepal
	Abstract	Since the early 2000s snow leopards Panthera uncia have re-colonized the southern slopes of Mt. Everest after several decades of extirpation. Are they now beginning to disperse to the adjoining valleys that may serve as habitat corridors linking the Everest region to other protected areas in Nepal? We conducted a cursory survey in autumn 2009 in Rolwaling lying west of Mt. Everest and detected snow leopard presence. We conclude that in these remote valleys snow leopards must rely upon livestock given the low abundance of natural prey, Himalayan tahr. Livestock-rearing is unfortunately declining in the region. Rolwaling requires immediate conservation attention for the continued survival of the endangered snow leopard and other high altitude flora and fauna.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
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	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @			Serial	1181
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	Author	McCarthy, T.; Breitenmoser, U.; Breitenmoser-Wursten, C.
	Title	A king of snow peaks, another endangered flagship species			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2008	Publication	Man & the Biosphere	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	54	Issue	6	Pages	1-1
	Keywords	Chinese; endangered; flagship-species; snow leopard; species
	Abstract	The preface of this journal mainly introduces the distribution areas and present living situation of the Snow Leopards. For saving the endangered and solitary mountain species, The Snow Leopard Trust is a leader in effort to secure the future of the felines, besides the authors emphasize that China plays great important role in the protection, because among the snow leopards range countries, China has the most habit and is believed to harbor the largest number of snow leopard.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	China	Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	In Chinese			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 981			Serial	667
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	Author	Ming, M.; Yun, G.; Bo, W.
	Title	Man & the Biosphere: The special series for the conservation of Snow Leopards in China			Type	Journal
	Year	2008	Publication	Man & the Biosphere	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	54	Issue	6	Pages	1-80
	Keywords	conservation; snow; snow leopards; snow leopard; snow-leopards; snow-leopard; leopards; leopard; China; Chinese; national; 80; 200; endangered; McCarthy; awareness; action; surveys; survey; Tomur; mountain; Kunlun; mountains; Xinjiang; ecology; enterprises; Mongolia; Bayarjargal; 180; flagship-species; species; ecosystems; ecosystem; photography; Tianshan Mountains; attack; livestock; home; plateau; 30; snow-leopard-enterprises; 7080
	Abstract	The Chinese magazine <Man & the Biosphere> (Series No. 54, No. 6, 2008) -- A special series for the conservation of Snow Leopards was published by the Chinese National Committee for Man & the Biosphere in 15th December 2008. It is about 80 pages including ten articles with 200 color pictures. The special editors of this issue are the experts from SLT/XCF Prof. MaMing, Mrs. Ge Yun and Mr. Wen Bo. The first paper is “A King of Snow Peaks, Another Endangered Flagship Species” by Dr. Thomas McCarthy, Dr. Urs Breitenmmoser and Dr. Christine Breitenmoser-Wursten (Page 1-1). Another paper “ Conservation : Turning Awareness to Action ” is also from Dr. Thomas McCarthy (Pages from 6-17). There are four articles including the diary and story of the Surveys in Tomur Mountain and Kunlun Mountains written by Prof. MaMing, Mr. XuFeng, Miss Chen Ying and Miss Cheng Yun from the Xinjiang Snow Leopard Group and XCF, the Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences. The last is “Snow Leopard Enterprises ” -- A Story from Mongolia by Mrs. Jennifer Snell Rullman and Mrs. Agvaantseren Bayarjargal (Bayara). It is a very useful copy for the conservation in China. Cited as: Ma Ming, GeYun and WenBo (Special editors of this issue). 2008. The special series for the conservation of Snow Leopards in China. Man & the Biosphere 2008(6): 1-80. Contents 1, A king of snow peaks, another endangered flagship species (Synopsis) ------------- 1-1 The contents --------------------------------------------- ( pages from 2-3 ) 2, Protecting Snow Leopard means protecting a healthy eco-systems -------------- 4-5 3, Conservation: Turning awareness into action -------------- 6-17 4, Chinese Snow Leopard Team goes into action -------------- 18-25 5, A diary of infrared photography -------------- 26-35 6, Why have the snow leopards in the Tianshan Mountains begun to attack livestock? --- 36-43 7, The mystery of the Snow Leopards coming down the Tianshan Mountains ----------- 44-45 8, Snow leopards secluded Home on the Plateau ------------- 46-59 9, He saw Snow Leopards 30 years ago ------------- 60-69 10, Snow Leopard Enterprises -- A story from Mongolia ------------- 70-80
	Address
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	Notes	Articles are posted individually in the bibliography. Please look up articles by author. In Chinese.			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 977			Serial	684
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	Author	Ming, M.; Yun, G.; Bo, W.
	Title	Chinese snow leopard team goes into action			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2008	Publication	Man & the Biosphere	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	54	Issue	6	Pages	18-25
	Keywords	Chinese; snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard; action; China; country; countries; number; snow leopards; snow-leopards; leopards; survey; research; recent; Xinjiang; ecology; tracking; Animal; field; Kunlun; camera; capture; Animals; survival
	Abstract	China, the world's most populous country, also contains the largest number of Snow Leopards of any country in the world. But the survey and research of the snow leopard had been very little for the second half of the 20th century. Until recent years, the members of Xinjiang Snow Leopards Group (XSLG/SLT/XFC) , the Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences have been tracking down the solitary animal. The journal reporter does a face-to-face interview with professor Ma Ming who is a main responsible expert of the survey team. By the account of such conversation, we learn the achievements, advances and difficulty of research of snow leopards in the field, Tianshan and Kunlun, Xinjiang, the far west China, and we also know that why the team adopt the infrared camera to capture the animals. Last but not least professor talked about the survival menace faced by the Snow Leopards in Xinjiang.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	China	Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	In Chinese; Edited by this magazine <Man & the Biosphere>			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 978			Serial	685
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	Author	Ming, M.
	Title	A diary of infrared photography			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2008	Publication	Man & the Biosphere	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	54	Issue	6	Pages	26-35
	Keywords	photography; us; snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard; Tianshan Mountains; mountains; mountain; work; field; field survey; field-survey; survey; snow leopards; snow-leopards; leopards; Kunlun; Chinese
	Abstract	The vivid and interesting stories recorded by the diary which is written by the professor Ma Ming tell us specific details of surveying Snow Leopard in the Tianshan Mountains. The members of the team overcame all kinds of difficulties and dangers with persistent enthusiasm for this work, finally, satisfactorily finishing the field survey. Recently, Ma Ming just has accomplished the preliminary investigation of snow leopards in Kunlun Mountains. If you want to share the experience of the surveying, please read this diary (http://maming3211.blog.163.com). http://space.tv.cctv.com/act/video.jsp?videoId=VIDE1230446448556286 http://maming3211.blog.163.com/blog/static/109271612008112681931339/
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	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	In Chinese			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 980			Serial	686
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