The Snow Leopard Conservancy. (2002). Visitor Satisfaction and Opportunity Survey, Manang, Nepal: Market Opportunities for Linking Community-Based Ecotourism with the Conservation of Snow Leopards in the Annpurna Conservation Area. Report prepared for WWF-Nepal Programme (Vol. SLC Field Document Series No 3).
Abstract: For the past two decades, the Manang or Nyeshang Valley has become one of the most popular
trekking routes in Nepal, attracting over 15,000 trekkers annually (Ale, 2001). The 21-day
circular trek takes the visitor from the lush southern slopes of the Annapurna massif around to
its dry northern slopes more reminiscent of Tibet, through a landscape of spectacular mountain
scenes, interesting villages and diverse cultures. The Manang region also offers prime habitat
for the endangered snow leopard, supporting an estimated 4.8 – 6.7 snow leopards per 100 sq.
km (Oli 1992). This high density has been attributed to the abundance of blue sheep, the snow
leopard's primary large prey species across the Himalayan Mountains and Tibetan Plateau.
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Allabergenov E. (1986). Snow leopard or ilvirs (Vol. 1 122 (6. 013)). 1986.
Abstract: In Uzbekistan, snow leopard can be found in the Turkistan and Gissar ridges, in the mountains of Zaami, and in the Kurama, Chatkal and Ugam ridges. Here it keeps at up to 3,000 4,000 m above sea level. Snow leopard feeds upon wild ungulates ibex and sheep, and sometimes attacks livestock but never man. A brief information concerning peculiarities of snow leopard biology and behavioral patterns is provided.
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Persianova L.A. (1983). Snow leopard, or irbis Uncia uncia Scheber, 1775 (Vol. Vol. 1.).
Abstract: Status of snow leopard in Uzbek Red Data Book is rare species with reducing population. It provides data concerning distribution, habitats, biology, threats, and existing and required snow leopard protection measures in Uzbekistan. This species is distributed in the Kurama, Chatkal, Pskem, Ugam, Turkistan, and Gissar ridges. Its population is about 10 animals. There are two snow leopards in the Tashkent zoo. This species is protected in Zaamin, Kizilsu, Miraka, and Chatkal nature reserves.
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Zhiryakov V.A. (2002). Ecology and behavior of the Snow leopard in Kazakhstan (Vol. N 1-4.).
Abstract: The data on spreading, numbers and population density of snow leopard in Kazakhstan are given in this article. The total number of the snow leopard in Kazakhstan is evaluated in 100-110 individuals. The everywhere occurred numbers' reduction under the influence of the anthropogenic factors is observed. The snow leopard' inhabitation area varies from 20 to 120 square kilometers depending on its regions. Sex and composition of the population and its aggregative behavior are given. The dynamics of numbers and mortality are estimated.
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Abdunazarov B.B. (2002). Biodiversity of mammals in the Western Tien Shan and its conservation.
Abstract: The mammal fauna of Uzbekistan's mountain ecosystems is represented by some 60 species. Data on mammal species composition in the Western Tien Shan (48 species) and Pamir-Alai (57 species) is given. A quantity of species endemic to the mountainous ecosystems of Uzbekistan is defined. Quantities of nine rare species inhabiting the mountain ecosystems, including snow leopard, are given. Number of snow leopard in Pamir-Alai and the Western Tien Shan is estimated to be 30-50 animals.
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Ahlborn, G., & Jackson, R. M. (1988). Marking in Free-Ranging Snow Leopards in West Nepal: A preliminary assesment. In H.Freeman (Ed.), (pp. 25–49). India: Snow Leopard Trust and the Wildlife Institute of India.
Abstract: Describes and Quantifies snow leopard marking behaviour, based primarily on sign, gatherd during a four year study in Nepal. Emphasis is on scrapes and spray markings, detailing their frequency of occurence realtive to habitat characteristics and season. Both sexes mark intensively, sign abundance is associated with intensity of use, and sign is concentrated along breaks in terrain.
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Ale, S. B. (1997). The Annapurna Conservation Area Project: A Case Study of an Integrated Conservation and Development Project in Nepal. In R. Jackson, & A. Ahmad (Eds.), (pp. 155–169). Lahore, Pakistan: Islt.
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Allayarov A.M. (1963). Materials on geographical distribution of wild cats in Uzbekistan.
Abstract: It describes the distribution and habitats of eight Felidae species in Uzbekistan, such as snow leopard, leopard, lynx, caracal, chaus, manul, sand cat, and steppe cat.
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Allen, P., & Macray, D. (2002). Snow Leopard Enterprises Description and Summarized Business Plan.. Seattle: Islt.
Abstract: The habitat for both humans and snow leopards in Central Asia is marginal, the ecosystem fragile. The struggle for humans to survive has often, unfortunately, brought them into conflict with the region's dwindling snow leopard populations. Herders commonly see leopards as a threat to their way of life and well-being. Efforts to improve the living conditions of humans must consider potential impacts on the environment. Likewise, conservation initiatives cannot ignore humans as elements of the landscape with a right to live with dignity and pride. Based on these principles, the International Snow Leopard Trust has developed a new conservation model that addresses the needs of all concerned.
We call it Snow Leopard Enterprises..
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Ammosov, B. (1973). Central Asia mountains. Snow leopard or irbis.
Abstract: All natural zones are represented in the mountains of Central Asia: deserts, semi-deserts, steppes, meadows, forests and shrubs, sub-alpine zones, alpine zones. Irbis (snow leopard) is a typical inhabitant of highlands. In the USSR, snow leopard is distributed in the mountains of Central Asia and southern Siberia. Outside the country this species is met in the Himalayas, Tibet, mountains of Mongolia. It is rare everywhere. The annual world trade is less than 1,000 animals. Being a non-numerous species, it causes negligible damage to farming and hunting industry.
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