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Changxi, X., Bai, D., Lambert, J. P., Li, Y., Cering, L., Gong, Z., Riordan, P., Shi, K. |
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Title |
How Snow Leopards Share the Same Landscape with Tibetan Agro-pastoral Communities in the Chinese Himalayas |
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Journal Article |
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2022 |
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Journal of Resources and Ecology |
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13 |
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3 |
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483-500 |
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habitat use; landscape ecology; occupancy model; Qomolangma; Panthera uncia |
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The snow leopard (Panthera uncia) inhabits a human-altered alpine landscape and is often tolerated by residents in regions where the dominant religion is Tibetan Buddhism, including in Qomolangma NNR on the northern side of the Chinese Himalayas. Despite these positive attitudes, many decades of rapid economic development and population growth can cause increasing disturbance to the snow leopards, altering their habitat use patterns and ultimately impacting their conservation. We adopted a dynamic landscape ecology perspective and used multi-scale technique and occupancy model to better understand snow leopard habitat use and coexistence with humans in an 825 km2 communal landscape. We ranked eight hypothetical models containing potential natural and anthropogenic drivers of habitat use and compared them between summer and winter seasons within a year. HABITAT was the optimal model in winter, whereas ANTHROPOGENIC INFLUENCE was the top ranking in summer (AICcw≤2). Overall, model performance was better in the winter than in the summer, suggesting that perhaps some latent summer covariates were not measured. Among the individual variables, terrain ruggedness strongly affected snow leopard habitat use in the winter, but not in the summer. Univariate modeling suggested snow leopards prefer to use rugged land in winter with a broad scale (4000 m focal radius) but with a lesser scale in summer (30 m); Snow leopards preferred habitat with a slope of 22° at a scale of 1000 m throughout both seasons, which is possibly correlated with prey occurrence. Furthermore, all covariates mentioned above showed inextricable ties with human activities (presence of settlements and grazing intensity). Our findings show that multiple sources of anthropogenic activity have complex connections with snow leopard habitat use, even under low human density when anthropogenic activities are sparsely distributed across a vast landscape. This study is also valuable for habitat use research in the future, especially regarding covariate selection for finite sample sizes in inaccessible terrain. |
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SLN @ rakhee @ |
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1698 |
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Dang, H. |
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Title |
The snow leopard and its prey |
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1967 |
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The Cheetal |
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11 |
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47-58 |
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India; predator; prey; hunting; status; distribution; kills; behavior; predation; habitat; browse; 2330 |
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Discusses distribution and habitat of snow leopard in India. Estimates population of 200-400 in entire Himalayan region. Reports seventeen occasions of observing snow leopards in the wild, one involving the killing of Himalayan thar. Discusses snow leopard hunting methods and food habits, and provides evidence of predation from examination of 17 snow leopard kills. |
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SLN @ rana @ 17 |
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231 |
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Sultan, H., Rashid, W., Shi, J., Rahim, I. U., Nafees, M., Bohnett, E., Rashid, S., Khan, M. T., Shah, I. A., Han, H., Ariza-Montes, A. |
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Title |
Horizon Scan of Transboundary Concerns Impacting Snow Leopard Landscapes in Asia |
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2022 |
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MDPI |
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Land |
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11 |
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248 |
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1-22 |
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collaboration; habitat; innovative solutions; integrated landscape approach; socio- ecological system; trade corridor; tourism |
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The high-altitude region of Asia is prone to natural resource degradation caused by a variety of natural and anthropogenic factors that also threaten the habitat of critical top predator species, the snow leopard (Panthera uncia). The snow leopard’s landscape encompasses parts of the twelve Asian countries and is dominated by pastoral societies within arid mountainous terrain. However, no investigation has assessed the vulnerability and pathways towards long-term sustainability on the global snow leopard landscape scale. Thus, the current study reviewed 123 peer-reviewed scientific publications on the existing knowledge, identified gaps, and proposed sustainable mitigation options for the longer term and on larger landscape levels in the range countries. The natural resource degradation in this region is caused by various social, economic, and ecological threats that negatively affect its biodiversity. The factors that make the snow leopard landscapes vulnerable include habitat fragmentation through border fencing, trade corridor infrastructure, non-uniform conservation policies, human–snow leopard conflict, the increasing human population, climatic change, land use and cover changes, and unsustainable tourism. Thus, conservation of the integrated Socio-Ecological System (SES) prevailing in this region requires a multi-pronged approach. This paper proposes solutions and identifies the pathways through which to implement these solutions. The prerequisite to implementing such solutions is the adoption of cross-border collaboration (regional cooperation), the creation of peace parks, readiness to integrate transnational and cross-sectoral conservation policies, a focus on improving livestock management practices, a preparedness to control human population growth, a readiness to mitigate climate change, initiating transboundary landscape-level habitat conservation, adopting environment-friendly trade corridors, and promoting sustainable tourism. Sustainable development in this region encompasses the political, social, economic, and ecological landscapes across the borders. |
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1671 |
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Islam, M., Sahana, M., Areendran, G., Jamir, C., Raj, K., Sajjad, H. |
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Prediction of potential habitat suitability of snow leopard (Panthera uncia) and blue sheep (Pseudois nayaur) and niche overlap in the parts of western Himalayan region |
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2023 |
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Geo: Geography and Environment |
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10 |
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e00121 |
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1-15 |
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bioclimatic variables, habitat suitability, MaxEnt model, niche overlap, western Himalayan region |
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The snow leopard (Panthera uncia) and blue sheep (Pseudois nayaur) are the inhabitants of remote areas at higher altitudes with extreme geographic and climatic conditions. The habitats of these least-studied species are crucial for sustaining the Himalayan ecosystem. We employed the Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) species distribution model to predict the potential habitat suitability of snow leopards and blue sheep and extracted common overlapped niches. For this, we utilised presence location, bio-climatic and environmental variables, and correlation analysis was applied to reduce the negative impact of multicollinearity. A total of 134 presence locations of snow leopards and 64 for blue sheep were selected from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF). The annual mean temperature (Bio1) was found to be the most useful and highly influential factor to predict the potential habitat suitability of snow leopards. Annual mean temperature, annual precipitation and isothermality were the major influencing factors for blue sheep habitat suitability. Highly influential bio-climatic, topographic and environmental variables were integrated to construct the model for predicting habitat suitability. The area under the curve (AUC) values for snow leopard (0.87) and blue sheep (0.82) showed that the models are under good representation. Of the total area investigated, 47% was suitable for the blue sheep and 38% for the snow leopards. Spatial habitat assessment revealed that nearly 11% area from the predicted suitable habitat class of both species was spatially matched (overlapped), 48.6% area was unsuitable under niche overlap and 40.5% area was spatially mismatched niche. The presence of snow leopards and blue sheep in some highly suitable areas was not observed, yet such areas have the potential to sustain these elusive species. The other geographical regions interested in exploring habitat suitability may find the methodological framework adopted in this study useful for formulating an effective conservation policy and management strategy. |
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1719 |
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Nolte-Wilson, B. |
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Soveriegn of menaced realm: the snow leopard |
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1990 |
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Natura WWF-Pakistan Newsletter |
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9 |
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2 |
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3-9 |
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Pakistan; browse; behavior; Chitrol-Gol; baiting; spays; pug; scrapes; habitat; 3130 |
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SLN @ rana @ 171 |
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723 |
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Karki, A., Panthi, S. |
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Factors affecting livestock depredation by snow leopards (Panthera uncia) in the Himalayan region of Nepal |
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2021 |
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PeerJ |
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9 |
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e11575 |
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1-14 |
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Conflict,Habitat,Himalaya,Livestockdepredation,Modeling,Snowleopard,Wildlife management |
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The snow leopard (Panthera uncia) found in central Asia is classified as vulnerable species by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Every year, large number of livestock are killed by snow leopards in Nepal, leading to economic loss to local communities and making human-snow leopard conflict a major threat to snow leopard conservation. We conducted formal and informal stakeholder’s interviews to gather information related to livestock depredation with the aim to map the attack sites by the snow leopard. These sites were further validated by district forest office staffs to assess sources of bias. Attack sites older than 3 years were removed from the survey. We found 109 attack sites and visited all the sites for geo location purpose (GPS points of all unique sites were taken). We maintained at least a 100 m distance between attack locations to ensure that each attack location was unique, which resulted in 86 unique locations. A total of 235 km2 was used to define livestock depredation risk zone during this study. Using Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) modeling, we found that distance to livestock sheds, distance to paths, aspect, and distance to roads were major contributing factors to the snow leopard’s attacks. We identified 13.64 km2 as risk zone for livestock depredation from snow leopards in the study area. Furthermore, snow leopards preferred to attack livestock near livestock shelters, far from human paths and at moderate distance from motor roads. These identified attack zones should be managed both for snow leopard conservation and livestock protection in order to balance human livelihoods while protecting snow leopards and their habitats. |
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1640 |
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Fox, J.L.; Nurbu, C. |
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Hemis, a national park for snow leopards in India's Trans-Himalaya |
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1990 |
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Int.Pedigree Book of Snow Leopards |
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6 |
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71-84 |
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protected-area; Hemis; park; parks; refuge; reserve; India; Himalaya; protected; area; areas; protected areas; protected area; browse; Jammu; Kashmir; habitat; tourism; land-use; humans; developement; conflict; management; 3170 |
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SLN @ rana @ 155 |
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296 |
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Jackson, R.; Ahlborn, G. |
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The role of protected areas in Nepal in maintaining viable populations of snow leopards |
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1990 |
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Int.Ped.Book of Snow Leopards |
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6 |
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51-69 |
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Nepal; conservation; management; parks; park; reserve; refuge; protected-area; browse; protected area; protected; area; island-biology-theory; population-limits; habitat; suitability; 3040 |
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SLN @ rana @ 165 |
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444 |
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Maheshwari, A., Sharma, D., Sathyakumar, S. |
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Snow Leopard (Panthera Uncia) surveys in the Western Himalayas, India |
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2013 |
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Journal of Ecology and Natural Environmnet |
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5 |
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10 |
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303-309 |
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Conflict, Himalayas, livestock depredation, prey, snow leopard, habitat, Uttarakhand. |
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We conducted surveys above 3000 m elevation in eight protected areas of Uttarakhand and Himachal Pradesh. These surveys provide new information on snow leopard in Uttarakhand on the basis of indirect evidence such as pugmark and scat. Snow leopard evidence (n = 13) were found between 3190 and 4115 m elevation. On an average, scats (n = 09) of snow leopard were found for every 56 km walked and pugmarks (n = 04) for every 126 km walked. Altogether, about 39% of the evidence were found on the hill-slope followed by valley floor (30%), cliff (15%) and 8% from both stream bed and scree slope. Genetic analysis of the scats identified three different individuals by using snow leopard specific primers. Snow leopard-human conflicts were assessed through questionnaire based interviews of shepherds from Govind Pashu Vihar Wildlife Sanctuary, Askot Wildlife Sanctuary and Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve areas of Uttarakhand. Surveys revealed that livestock depredation (mule, goat and sheep) is the only cause of snow leopard-human conflicts and contributed 36% of the diet of snow leopard. Blue sheep and rodents together comprised 36.4% of the total diet. We found that 68.1% of the surveyed area was used for pastoral activities in Uttarakhand and Himachal Pradesh and 12.3% area was under tourism, defence and developmental activities. |
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1401 |
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Jackson, R.; Ahlborn, G. |
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A preliminary habitat suitability model for the snow leopard, Panthera uncia, in West Nepal |
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1984 |
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International Pedigree Book of Snow Leopards |
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4 |
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43-52 |
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Nepal; Himalaya; habitat; browse; modeling; predator; prey; diet; reproduction; interspersion; cover; herders; livestock; habitat-suitability-model; Human; 2650 |
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SLN @ rana @ 404 |
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434 |
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Jackson, R. |
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Snow Cats of Nepal's Langue Gorge |
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1987 |
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Animal Kingdom |
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4 |
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44-53 |
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Nepal; tracking; home-range; habitat; home range; home; range; browse; 3630; snow; Cats; cat; gorge |
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Anecdotal account with some general research results of a four year tracking study of the snow leopard in Nepal's Langu valley |
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439 |
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Koshkarev, E.P. |
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Characteristics of snow leopard (Uncia uncia) movements in the Tien Shan |
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1984 |
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International Pedigree Book of Snow Leopards |
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4 |
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15-21 |
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Tien-Shan; Russia; Soviet-Union; Ussr; behavior; habitat; tracks; tracking; prey; predator; ibex; kills; browse; tien shan; soviet union; soviet; union; 2750 |
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Reports on a 3 yr winter study of snow leopard movements and activity, based on following tracks in the snow in Tien Shan Mountains of USSR. Travel route preference is examined with regard to snow and terrain characteristics, and prey abundance. Snow leopard kills of ibex and hare are noted |
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SLN @ rana @ 403 |
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570 |
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The Snow Leopard Conservancy |
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A Survey of Kathmandu-based Trekking Agencies: Market Opportunities for Linking Community-Based Ecotourism with the Conservation of Snow Leopard in the Annapurna Conservation Area. Report prepared for WWF-Nepal Programme |
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2002 |
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Volume |
SLC Field Series Document No. 4 |
Issue |
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Pages |
1-22 |
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Keywords |
survey; trekking; linking; community-based; ecotourism; conservation; snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard; annapurna; annapurna conservation area; Annapurna-Conservation-Area; area; Report; trust; nature; nature conservation; Acap; Snow Leopard Conservancy; project; Manang; local; community; environment; Culture; population; number; blue; blue sheep; blue-sheep; sheep; endangered; cat; prey; Himalaya; snow leopards; snow-leopards; leopards; kill; livestock; killing; herders; herder; conflict; local people; people; wildlife; tourism; incentive; protect; predator; conserve; alpine; habitat |
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Abstract |
In 2001 the King Mahendra Trust for Nature Conservation (KMTNC), Annapurna Conservation Area (ACAP), Snow Leopard Conservancy (SLC) and WWF-Nepal initiated a collaborative project aimed at enhancing ecotourism in the Manang area, in ways that strengthen benefits to local communities while also protecting the environment and the local culture. Manang is known for its relatively dense snow leopard population, along with supporting good numbers of blue sheep, the endangered cat's principal prey through much of the Himalaya. However, snow leopards periodically kill many livestock, leading to retributive killing by herders along with other associated people-wildlife conflict. In order to encourage the local people to better co-exist with snow leopards and other wildlife, SLC, WWF-Nepal and ACAP agreed to explore ways of providing tourism benefits to local communities as an incentive to protect this rare predator and conserve its alpine habitat. Key in this regard is the possibility of developing locally guided nature treks, and accordingly, this survey was conducted in order to assess existing market opportunities and constraints to such ecotourism enterprise. |
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Los Gatos, California |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 1022 |
Serial |
962 |
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Author |
Anonymous |
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Title |
Preserving the snow leopard and its habitat |
Type |
Magazine Article |
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Year |
1996 |
Publication |
The Rolex Awards for Enterprise Journal |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
3 |
Issue |
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Keywords |
habitat; Jackson; snow leopard |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 949 |
Serial |
85 |
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Author |
Braden, K. |
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Title |
The Geographical Distribution of the Snow Leopard in the USSR: Maps of Areas of Snow Leopard Habitation in the USSR |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1982 |
Publication |
International Pedigree Book of Snow Leopards |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
3 |
Issue |
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Pages |
25-39 |
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Keywords |
Russia; Ussr; U.S.S.R.; Soviet-Union; status; distribution; maps; browse; soviet union; soviet; union; habitat; 2320 |
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Abstract |
Reviews published information from the USSR vs past status of the snow leopard in various parts of its range within that country. Maps provide locations in the USSR of evidence of snow leopard occurence from published records of the species over the last 100 yrs. |
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no |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 64 |
Serial |
189 |
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Author |
The Snow Leopard Conservancy |
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Title |
Visitor Satisfaction and Opportunity Survey, Manang, Nepal: Market Opportunities for Linking Community-Based Ecotourism with the Conservation of Snow Leopards in the Annpurna Conservation Area. Report prepared for WWF-Nepal Programme |
Type |
Report |
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Year |
2002 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
SLC Field Document Series No 3 |
Issue |
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Pages |
1-18 |
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Keywords |
survey; Manang; Nepal; linking; community-based; ecotourism; conservation; snow; snow leopards; snow leopard; snow-leopards; snow-leopard; leopards; leopard; area; Report; valley; trekking; Southern; annapurna; Tibet; landscape; mountain; Culture; region; habitat; endangered; High; density; densities; abundance; blue; blue sheep; blue-sheep; sheep; primary; large; prey; prey species; prey-species; species; Himalayan; mountains; tibetan; tibetan plateau; tibetan-plateau; plateau |
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Abstract |
For the past two decades, the Manang or Nyeshang Valley has become one of the most popular
trekking routes in Nepal, attracting over 15,000 trekkers annually (Ale, 2001). The 21-day
circular trek takes the visitor from the lush southern slopes of the Annapurna massif around to
its dry northern slopes more reminiscent of Tibet, through a landscape of spectacular mountain
scenes, interesting villages and diverse cultures. The Manang region also offers prime habitat
for the endangered snow leopard, supporting an estimated 4.8 – 6.7 snow leopards per 100 sq.
km (Oli 1992). This high density has been attributed to the abundance of blue sheep, the snow
leopard's primary large prey species across the Himalayan Mountains and Tibetan Plateau. |
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no |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 1021 |
Serial |
961 |
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Author |
Allabergenov E. |
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Title |
Snow leopard or ilvirs |
Type |
Miscellaneous |
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Year |
1986 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
1 122 (6. 013) |
Issue |
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Pages |
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Keywords |
Uzbekistan; distribution; habitats; diet; behavior; snow leopard.; 5940; Russian |
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Abstract |
In Uzbekistan, snow leopard can be found in the Turkistan and Gissar ridges, in the mountains of Zaami, and in the Kurama, Chatkal and Ugam ridges. Here it keeps at up to 3,000 4,000 m above sea level. Snow leopard feeds upon wild ungulates ibex and sheep, and sometimes attacks livestock but never man. A brief information concerning peculiarities of snow leopard biology and behavioral patterns is provided. |
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Place of Publication |
1986 |
Editor |
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Language |
Russian |
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Notes |
Full text available in Russian Journal Title: Vecherniy Tashkent Newspaper. |
Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 573 |
Serial |
61 |
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Author |
Persianova L.A. |
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Title |
Snow leopard, or irbis Uncia uncia Scheber, 1775 |
Type |
Miscellaneous |
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Year |
1983 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
Vol. 1. |
Issue |
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Pages |
32-33 |
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Keywords |
Uzbekistan; Red Data book; endangered species; snow leopard; status of threat; distribution; habitats; number; life-history; threats; conservation measures.; 7880; Russian |
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Abstract |
Status of snow leopard in Uzbek Red Data Book is rare species with reducing population. It provides data concerning distribution, habitats, biology, threats, and existing and required snow leopard protection measures in Uzbekistan. This species is distributed in the Kurama, Chatkal, Pskem, Ugam, Turkistan, and Gissar ridges. Its population is about 10 animals. There are two snow leopards in the Tashkent zoo. This species is protected in Zaamin, Kizilsu, Miraka, and Chatkal nature reserves. |
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Notes |
Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Red Data Book of the Uzbek SSR. |
Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 766 |
Serial |
769 |
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Author |
Zhiryakov V.A. |
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Title |
Ecology and behavior of the Snow leopard in Kazakhstan |
Type |
Miscellaneous |
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Year |
2002 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
N 1-4. |
Issue |
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Pages |
184-199 |
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Keywords |
Kazakhstan; distribution; number; density; population size; habitats; marking; Migration; diet; prey species; hunting; faeces; Sex; Age; population dynamics; reproductive activity; competitors; mortality; snow leopard.; 8810; Russian |
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Abstract |
The data on spreading, numbers and population density of snow leopard in Kazakhstan are given in this article. The total number of the snow leopard in Kazakhstan is evaluated in 100-110 individuals. The everywhere occurred numbers' reduction under the influence of the anthropogenic factors is observed. The snow leopard' inhabitation area varies from 20 to 120 square kilometers depending on its regions. Sex and composition of the population and its aggregative behavior are given. The dynamics of numbers and mortality are estimated. |
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Full text available in Russian.Journal Title: Selevinia. The zoological journal of Kazakhstan. |
Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 858 |
Serial |
1087 |
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Author |
Abdunazarov B.B. |
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Title |
Biodiversity of mammals in the Western Tien Shan and its conservation |
Type |
Miscellaneous |
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Year |
2002 |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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22-23 |
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Uzbekistan; biodiversity; mammals; mountain ecosystems; Western Tien Shan; Pamir-Alai; endemic; number; human influence; illegal hunting; habitat degradation; snow leopard.; 5770; Russian |
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The mammal fauna of Uzbekistan's mountain ecosystems is represented by some 60 species. Data on mammal species composition in the Western Tien Shan (48 species) and Pamir-Alai (57 species) is given. A quantity of species endemic to the mountainous ecosystems of Uzbekistan is defined. Quantities of nine rare species inhabiting the mountain ecosystems, including snow leopard, are given. Number of snow leopard in Pamir-Alai and the Western Tien Shan is estimated to be 30-50 animals. |
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Russian |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Biodiversity of the Western Tien Shan: protection and sustainable use. |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 557 |
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22 |
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Author |
Ahlborn, G.; Jackson, R.M. |
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Title |
Marking in Free-Ranging Snow Leopards in West Nepal: A preliminary assesment |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
1988 |
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25-49 |
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Nepal; sign; markings; scrapes; spray; scat; habitat; status; behavior; browse; 1630 |
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Describes and Quantifies snow leopard marking behaviour, based primarily on sign, gatherd during a four year study in Nepal. Emphasis is on scrapes and spray markings, detailing their frequency of occurence realtive to habitat characteristics and season. Both sexes mark intensively, sign abundance is associated with intensity of use, and sign is concentrated along breaks in terrain. |
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Snow Leopard Trust and the Wildlife Institute of India |
Place of Publication |
India |
Editor |
H.Freeman |
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English |
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Full Text at URLTitle, Monographic: Fifth International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: Shrinagar, IndiaDate of Copyright: 1988 |
Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 102 |
Serial |
37 |
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Author |
Ale, S.B. |
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Title |
The Annapurna Conservation Area Project: A Case Study of an Integrated Conservation and Development Project in Nepal |
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1997 |
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155-169 |
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conservation; annapurna; park; parks; reserve; reserves; refuge; management; habitat; livestock; herders; herder; Acap; education; community-development; tourism; women; protected-area; browse; community; development; protected; area; 2960 |
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Islt |
Place of Publication |
Lahore, Pakistan |
Editor |
Jackson, R.; Ahmad, A. |
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English |
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Full text at URLTitle, Monographic: Eighth International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: Islamabad, PakistanDate of Copyright: 1997 |
Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 394 |
Serial |
55 |
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Author |
Allayarov A.M. |
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Title |
Materials on geographical distribution of wild cats in Uzbekistan |
Type |
Miscellaneous |
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1963 |
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15-16 |
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Uzbekistan; Felidae; distribution; habitats; snow leopard.; 5980; Russian |
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It describes the distribution and habitats of eight Felidae species in Uzbekistan, such as snow leopard, leopard, lynx, caracal, chaus, manul, sand cat, and steppe cat. |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Proceedings of third all-Union meeting on zoogeography of land. |
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SLN @ rana @ 577 |
Serial |
64 |
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Author |
Allen, P.; Macray, D. |
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Title |
Snow Leopard Enterprises Description and Summarized Business Plan |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2002 |
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snow; leopard; enterprises; buisness; plan; habitat; humans; conflict; irbis; products; wool; conservation; marketing; Mongolia; social; economic; conflicts; country; countries; socks; hats; gloves; 4890; Human; snow leopards; snow leopard; snow-leopards; snow-leopard; leopards; central; Central Asia; asia; ecosystem; region; populations; population; herders; herder; threat; potential; impact; environment; Elements; landscape; International; international snow leopard trust; International-Snow-Leopard-Trust; trust; snow-leopard-enterprises |
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Abstract |
The habitat for both humans and snow leopards in Central Asia is marginal, the ecosystem fragile. The struggle for humans to survive has often, unfortunately, brought them into conflict with the region's dwindling snow leopard populations. Herders commonly see leopards as a threat to their way of life and well-being. Efforts to improve the living conditions of humans must consider potential impacts on the environment. Likewise, conservation initiatives cannot ignore humans as elements of the landscape with a right to live with dignity and pride. Based on these principles, the International Snow Leopard Trust has developed a new conservation model that addresses the needs of all concerned.
We call it Snow Leopard Enterprises.. |
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Islt |
Place of Publication |
Seattle |
Editor |
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English |
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Notes |
Title, Monographic: Proceedings of the Snow Leopard Survival SummitPlace of Meeting: Seattle,WA |
Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 475 |
Serial |
68 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Ammosov, B. |
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Title |
Central Asia mountains. Snow leopard or irbis |
Type |
Miscellaneous |
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Year |
1973 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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Issue |
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Pages |
92-93 |
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Keywords |
Central Asia; natural zones; snow leopard; distribution; habitats; number; trade.; 6010; Russian |
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Abstract |
All natural zones are represented in the mountains of Central Asia: deserts, semi-deserts, steppes, meadows, forests and shrubs, sub-alpine zones, alpine zones. Irbis (snow leopard) is a typical inhabitant of highlands. In the USSR, snow leopard is distributed in the mountains of Central Asia and southern Siberia. Outside the country this species is met in the Himalayas, Tibet, mountains of Mongolia. It is rare everywhere. The annual world trade is less than 1,000 animals. Being a non-numerous species, it causes negligible damage to farming and hunting industry. |
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Notes |
Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Hunting industry of the USSR. |
Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 580 |
Serial |
69 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
