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Author | Xu, F.; Ming, M.; Yin, S.-jing; Munkhtsog, B. | ||||
Title | Autumn Habitat Selection by Snow Leopard (Uncia uncia) in Beita Mountain, Xinjiang, China | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
Year | 2006 | Publication | Zoological Research | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | Issue | Pages | 221-224 | ||
Keywords | habitat; Habitat selection; selection; snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard; uncia; Uncia uncia; Uncia-uncia; mountain; Xinjiang; China; Chinese; Altay; mountain system; system; 30; transects; transect; surveys; survey; study; area; analysis; primary; factor; 200; 600; Base; valley; Forest; region; south; grazing; status; topography | ||||
Abstract | Habitat selection of Snow Leopard ( Unica unica) in Beita Mountain of the Altay Mountain system in northeast Xinjiang was conducted from September to October 2004. Six habitat features of 59 sites used by Snow Leopard and 30 random plots were measured by locating 15 transects surveys in the study area . Vanderploge and Scaviaps selectivity index was used to assess Snow Leopardps selection for the different habitat parameters. Principal Component Analysis was used as the primary factor . The results indicated that Snow Leopard preferred the altitude between 2000 – 2 200 m and avoided 2 600 – 3 000 m ; selected cliff base , ridgeline and avoided hillside and valley bottom ; utilized the shrub and rejected the forest ; selected the nongrazing area and avoided the slightly broken region ; preferred north orientation and rejected the south orientation. The results show that grazing status , vegetation type , topography and the ruggedness are the primary factors for the habitat selection of Snow Leopard. | ||||
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Notes | Full text available in Chinese | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 872 | Serial | 1039 | ||
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Author | Yanfa, L.; Bangjie, T. | ||||
Title | A Preliminary Study on the Geographical Distribution of Snow Leopards in China | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 1988 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | Issue | Pages | 51-63 | ||
Keywords | China; conservation; range; distribution; surveys; survey; collecting; capturing; Qinghai; gansu; Sichuan; Xinjiang; poaching; hunting; pelts; furs; browse; 4260 | ||||
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Publisher | Interanational Snow Leopard Trust and The Wildlife Institute of India | Place of Publication | Editor | H.Freeman | |
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Notes | Full Text Available at URLTitle, Monographic: Fifth International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: Srinigar, IndiaDate of Copyright: 1988 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 415 | Serial | 1046 | ||
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Author | Durbach, I., Borchers, D., Sutherland, C., Sharma, K. | ||||
Title | Fast, flexible alternatives to regular grid designs for spatial capture–recapture. | Type | Research Article | ||
Year | 2020 | Publication | Methods in Ecology and Evolution | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | Issue | Pages | 1-13 | ||
Keywords | camera trap, population ecology,sampling, spatial capture-recapture, surveys | ||||
Abstract | Spatial capture–recapture (SCR) methods use the location of detectors (camera traps, hair snares and live-capture traps) and the locations at which animals were detected (their spatial capture histories) to estimate animal density. Despite the often large expense and effort involved in placing detectors in a landscape, there has been relatively little work on how detectors should be located. A natural criterion is to place traps so as to maximize the precision of density estimators, but the lack of a closed-form expression for precision has made optimizing this criterion computationally demanding. 2. Recent results by Efford and Boulanger (2019) show that precision can be well approximated by a function of the expected number of detected individuals and expected number of recapture events, both of which can be evaluated at low computational cost. We use these results to develop a method for obtaining survey designs that optimize this approximate precision for SCR studies using count or binary proximity detectors, or multi-catch traps. 3. We show how the basic design protocol can be extended to incorporate spatially varying distributions of activity centres and animal detectability. We illustrate our approach by simulating from a camera trap study of snow leopards in Mongolia and comparing estimates from our designs to those generated by regular or optimized grid designs. Optimizing detector placement increased the number of detected individuals and recaptures, but this did not always lead to more precise density estimators due to less precise estimation of the effective sampling area. In most cases, the precision of density estimators was comparable to that obtained with grid designs, with improvement in some scenarios where approximate CV(¬D) < 20% and density varied spatially. 4. Designs generated using our approach are transparent and statistically grounded. They can be produced for survey regions of any shape, adapt to known information about animal density and detectability, and are potentially easier and less costly to implement. We recommend their use as good, flexible candidate designs for SCR surveys when reasonable knowledge of model parameters exists. We provide software for researchers to construct their own designs, in the form of updates to design functions in the r package oSCR. |
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1618 | |||
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Author | Jackson, R. | ||||
Title | SSC Plan for Snow Leopard | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
Year | 1992 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | Issue | Pages | |||
Keywords | physiology; status; distribution; description; behavior; reproduction; mating; breeding; vocalization; gestation; biology; habitat; scrapes; sprays; scat; feces; longevity; homerange; home-range; prey; diet; Cites; Iunc; parks; preserves; reserves; refuge; protected-areas; movements; activity; livestock; herders; depredation; conflict; trade; poaching; hunting; research; captivity; management; zoos; Slims; surveys; transects; browse; home range; home; range; protected area; protected areas; protected; area; areas; 3920; plan; snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard | ||||
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Notes | Full Text at URL DRAFT – Revised September 22, 1992 by Rodney Jackson | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 201 | Serial | 450 | ||
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Author | Ale S. | ||||
Title | Have snow leopards made a comeback to the Everest region of Nepal? | Type | Report | ||
Year | 2005 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | Issue | Pages | 1-21 | ||
Keywords | snow; snow leopards; snow leopard; snow-leopards; snow-leopard; leopards; leopard; region; Nepal; Report; International; international snow leopard trust; International-Snow-Leopard-Trust; trust; program; 1960; endangered; Sagarmatha; High; Himalaya; tourism; impact; establishment; national; national park; National-park; park; 1980; area; Tibet; surveys; survey; status; Cats; cat; prey; research; project; sign; transects; transect; length; valley; Response; hunting; recovery; Himalayan; tahr; density; densities; range; pugmarks; sighting; 60; study; population; predators; predator; structure; prey species; prey-species; species; populations; mortality; effects; predation; population dynamics | ||||
Abstract | In the 1960s, the endangered snow leopard was locally extirpated from the Sagarmatha (Mt. Everest) region of Nepal. In this Sherpa-inhabited high Himalaya, the flourishing tourism since the ascent of Mt Everest in 1953, has caused both prosperity and adverse impacts, the concern that catalyzed the establishment of Mt. Everest National Park in the region in 1976. In the late 1980s, there were reports that some transient snow leopards may have visited the area from adjoining Tibet, but no biological surveys exist to confirm the status of the cats and their prey. Have snow leopards finally returned to the top of the world? Exploring this question was the main purpose of this research project. We systematically walked altogether 24 sign transects covering over 13 km in length in three valleys, i.e. Namche, Phortse and Gokyo, of the park, and counted several snow leopard signs. The results indicated that snow leopards have made a comeback in the park in response to decades of protective measures, the virtual cessation of hunting and the recovery of the Himalayan tahr which is snow leopard's prey. The average sign density (4.2 signs/km and 2.5 sign sites/km) was comparable to that reported from other parts of the cats' range in the Himalaya. On this basis, we estimated the cat density in the Everest region between 1 to 3 cats per 100 sq km, a figure that was supported by different sets of pugmarks and actual sightings of snow leopards in the 60 km2 sample survey area. In the study area, tahr population had a low reproductive rate (e.g. kids-to-females ratio, 0.1, in Namche). Since predators can influence the size and the structure of prey species populations through mortality and through non-lethal effects or predation risk, snow leopards could have been the cause of the population dynamics of tahr in Sagarmtha, but this study could not confirm this speculation for which further probing may be required. | ||||
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Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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Notes | Progress report for the International Snow Leopard Trust Small Grants Program. | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 1063 | Serial | 50 | ||
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Author | Ferguson, D.A. | ||||
Title | International Cooperation for Snow Leopard and Biodiversity Conservation: The Government Perspective | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 1997 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | Issue | Pages | 178-193 | ||
Keywords | snow leopard; biodiversity; management; development; India; Pakistan; conservation; hunting; poaching; hunter; pelt; skin; fur; coat; livestock; habitat; herder; herders; Ussr; park; parks; reserves; reserve; refuge; Slims; field study; survey; surveys; transects; transect; Khunjerab; protected area; browse; U.S.S.R.; 2990 | ||||
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Publisher | Islt | Place of Publication | Lahore, Pakistan | Editor | R.Jackson; A.Ahmad |
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Notes | full text available at URL Title, Monographic: Eighth International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: Islamabad, PakistanDate of Copyright: 1997 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 210 | Serial | 274 | ||
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Author | Fox, J.L.; Sinya, S.P.; Chundawat, R.S.; Das, P.K. | ||||
Title | A Survey of Snow Leopard and Associated Species in the Himalaya of Northwestern India, Project Completion Report | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
Year | 1986 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | Issue | Pages | |||
Keywords | Himalaya; India; prey; distribution; Arunachal; Jammu; Himachal-Pradesh; Uttar-Pradesh; Sikkim; hunting; poaching; pelts; livestock; surveys; field-work; herders; herding; parks; preserves; reserves; habiatat; conflict; human-interaction; behaviour; sanctuaries; scrapes; sprays; tracks; browse; 4220 | ||||
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Notes | Full Text Available at URL | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 410 | Serial | 289 | ||
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Author | Fox, J.L. | ||||
Title | A review of the status and ecology of the snow leopard (Panthera uncia) | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
Year | 1989 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | Issue | Pages | |||
Keywords | status; ecology; distribution; browse; behavior; Russia; China; Mongolia; Soviet-Union; Pakistan; India; Nepal; Afganastan; Bhutan; mating; sexual-behavior; research; surveys; scrapes; sprays; habitat; 2050 | ||||
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Notes | Full Text at URL | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 137 | Serial | 294 | ||
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Author | Freeman, H. | ||||
Title | What's Happening in Mongolia | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
Year | 1996 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | xiv | Issue | Pages | 1 | |
Keywords | Macne; Tserendeleg; Incentive-program; surveys; Tost; Monkhstog; conservation; gobi; browse; 4530 | ||||
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Publisher | Islt | Place of Publication | Seattle | Editor | |
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Notes | Full Text at URLJournal Title: Snowline | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 441 | Serial | 325 | ||
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Author | Henschel, P.; Ray, J. | ||||
Title | Leopards in African Rainforests: Survey and Monitoring Techniques | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
Year | 2003 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | Issue | Pages | |||
Keywords | forest leopards; african rainforests; survey; monitoring techniques; lope reserve; gabon; central africa; congo; zaire; field testing; populations; wild meat; relative abundance; density; live-trapping; presence and absense surveys; ad-hoc survey; bushmeat; systematic survey; monitoring; individual identification; tracks; Discriminant Function Analysis; genotyping; scat; Hair; Dna; remote photography; camera trapping; capture rates; Trailmaster; Camtrakker; bait; duikers; pigs; elephant; bongo; okapi; human hunters; 5300 | ||||
Abstract | Monitoring Techniques Forest leopards have never been systematically surveyed in African forests, in spite of their potentially vital ecological role as the sole large mammalian predators in these systems. Because leopards are rarely seen in this habitat, and are difficult to survey using the most common techniques for assessing relative abundances of forest mammals, baseline knowledge of leopard ecology and responses to human disturbance in African forests remain largely unknown. This technical handbook sums up the experience gained during a two-year study of leopards by Philipp Henschel in the Lop‚ Reserve in Gabon, Central Africa, in 2001/2002, supplemented by additional experience from carnivore studies conducted by Justina Ray in southwestern Central African Republic and eastern Congo (Zaire) . The main focus of this effort has been to develop a protocol that can be used by fieldworkers across west and central Africa to estimate leopard densities in various forest types. In developing this manual, Henschel tested several indirect methods to assess leopard numbers in both logged and unlogged forests, with the main effort devoted to testing remote photography survey methods developed for tigers by Karanth (e.g., Karanth 1995, Karanth & Nichols 1998; 2000; 2002), and modifying them for the specific conditions characterizing African forest environments. This handbook summarizes the results of the field testing, and provides recommendations for techniques to assess leopard presence/absence, relative abundance, and densities in African forest sites. We briefly review the suitability of various methods for different study objectives and go into particular detail on remote photography survey methodology, adapting previously developed methods and sampling considerations specifically to the African forest environment. Finally, we briefly discuss how camera trapping may be used as a tool to survey other forest mammals. Developing a survey protocol for African leopards is a necessary first step towards a regional assessment and priority setting exercise targeted at forest leopards, similar to those carried out on large carnivores in Asian and South American forests. | ||||
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Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | Wildlife Conservation Society | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 515 | Serial | 382 | ||
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Author | Hussain, S. | ||||
Title | Shafqat Hussain Research Proposal for Pakistan | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
Year | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | |||
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Keywords | Pakistan; Iucn; predation; predator; prey; livestock; conflict; herders; surveys; interviews; herding-techniques; browse; herding techniques; herding; techniques; 3900 | ||||
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Notes | Full Text at URL | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 3 | Serial | 398 | ||
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Author | Inayat, S.; Khan, A. | ||||
Title | Identifying Womens Roles in Snow Leopard Conservation | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
Year | 1998 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | xvi | Issue | Pages | 3 | |
Keywords | Pakistan; conservation; surveys; women; Gender; livestock; awareness; browse; 4480 | ||||
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Publisher | Islt | Place of Publication | Seattle | Editor | |
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Notes | Full Text at URLJournal Title: Snow Line | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 436 | Serial | 403 | ||
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Author | International Snow Leopard Trust | ||||
Title | Assessing Presence, relative abundance and habitat of snow leopards and their prey: a handbook of field techniques | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
Year | 1992 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | Issue | Pages | |||
Keywords | habitat; surveys; methods; field-techniques; assessment; prey; browse; field techniques; field; techniques; 2700 | ||||
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Notes | Seattle, Washington. Out of date; no longer in circulation. | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 197 | Serial | 405 | ||
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Author | Jackson, R.; Fox, J.L. | ||||
Title | Snow Leopard and Prey Species Workshop in Bhutan | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
Year | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | |||
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Keywords | Jigme-Dorji; Bhutan; workshop; Slims; blue-sheep; tourism; Islt; parks; reserves; protected-areas; tracks; surveys; international snow leopard trust; blue; sheep; browse; 4070 | ||||
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Notes | Full Text at URL | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 6 | Serial | 431 | ||
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Author | Kreuzberg, E.; Esipov, A.; Bykova, E.; Vashetko, E. | ||||
Title | Number, Distribution and Status of Habitats for Snow Leopard in Gissar Nature Reserve and Neighboring Areas | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
Year | 2000 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | xvi | Issue | Pages | 4 | |
Keywords | Uzbekistan; Gissar; habitat; distribution; status; field-study; research; surveys; poaching; hunting; grazing; livestock; browse; 4440 | ||||
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Publisher | Islt | Place of Publication | Seattle, Wa | Editor | |
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Notes | Full text at URLJournal Title: Snow Line | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 432 | Serial | 595 | ||
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Author | Jackson, R. | ||||
Title | Second SLIMS Workshop Held | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
Year | 1994 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | xii | Issue | Pages | ||
Keywords | Chitral-Gol; Pakistan; Slims; surveys; research; Project-snow-leopard; teqniques; conflict-resolution; training; browse; 4590 | ||||
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Publisher | Islt | Place of Publication | Seattle, WA | Editor | |
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Notes | Full Text at URLJournal Title: Snowline | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 273 | Serial | 453 | ||
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Author | Jackson, R.; Hunter, D.O. | ||||
Title | Snow Leopard Survey and Conservation Handbook (2nd Edition) | Type | Book Whole | ||
Year | 1995 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
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Keywords | surveys; survey; transect; field-study; browse; field study; field; study; 2790 | ||||
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Publisher | ISLT and National Biological Survey | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 281 | Serial | 454 | ||
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Author | Jackson, R. | ||||
Title | Third Slims Workshop held in Mongolia | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
Year | 1995 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | xiii | Issue | Pages | ||
Keywords | Slims; Mongolia; fieldwork; surveys; Project-snow-leopard; Islt; Macne; McCarthy; hunting; conflict; herders; prey; poaching; predation; gobi; browse; 4570 | ||||
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Publisher | Islt | Place of Publication | Seattle | Editor | |
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Notes | Full text at URLJournal Title: Snow Line | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 445 | Serial | 455 | ||
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Author | Jackson, R.; Hunter, D.; Emmerich, C. | ||||
Title | SLIMS: An Information Management System for Promoting the Conservation of Snow Leopards and Biodiversity in the Mountains of Central Asia | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 1997 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | Issue | Pages | 75-91 | ||
Keywords | Slims; conservation; biodiversity; asia; livestock; parks; park; protected-area; reserve; reserves; refuge; prey; habitat; distribution; status; Pakistan; Mongolia; India; China; Project-snow-leopard; survey; surveys; field; snow-line; Padu; Wwf; Macne; Merc; Gis; field-surveys; transects; protected area; protected areas; protected; area; areas; project snow leopard; project; snow leopard; snow; leopard; snow line; world wildlife fund; field surveys; browse; 2770 | ||||
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Publisher | Islt | Place of Publication | Lahore, Pakistan | Editor | R.Jackson; A.Ahmad |
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Notes | Full Text at URLTitle, Monographic: Eighth Interantional Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: Islamabad, PakistanDate of Copyright: 1997 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 398 | Serial | 457 | ||
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Author | Jackson, R.; Fox, J.L. | ||||
Title | Snow Leopard Conservation: Accomplishments and Research Priorities | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 1997 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | Issue | Pages | 128-144 | ||
Keywords | Slims; Islt; zoos; zoo; captivity; genetics; home-range; predator; prey; parks; park; reserve; reserves; refuge; Mongolia; China; India; Nepal; Khunjerab; surveys; survey; transect; habitat; scrap; marking; spray; Myanmar; Burma; blue-sheep; ibex; conservation; ecology; management; livestock; herders; Dna; Icimod; Himalaya; protected-area; scrape; blue; sheep; browse; international snow leopard trust; home range; home; range; protected area; protected areas; protected; area; areas; 2900 | ||||
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Publisher | Islt | Place of Publication | Pakistan | Editor | R.Jackson; A.Ahmad |
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Notes | Full Text at URLTitle, Monographic: Eighth International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: PakistanDate of Copyright: 1997 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 399 | Serial | 458 | ||
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Author | Jackson, R. | ||||
Title | Bhutan Workshop: Thimpu, Land of the Thunder Dragon | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
Year | 1997 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | xv | Issue | Pages | 1 | |
Keywords | Bhutan; Himalaya; Slims; surveys; Islt; Jigme-Dorgi; poisoning; herders; browse; 4510 | ||||
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Publisher | Islt | Place of Publication | Seattle, Wa | Editor | |
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Notes | Full text at URLJournal Title: Snowline | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 439 | Serial | 459 | ||
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Author | Jackson, R.; Fox, J.L. | ||||
Title | Report on Fifth Slims Training Workshop (Nepal) | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
Year | 2000 | Publication | Snow Line | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | xvii | Issue | Pages | 6-15 | |
Keywords | Slims; Nepal; training; techniques; Gps; field-work; surveys; Tibet; habitat; China; hunting; poaching; livestock; population; Shey-Phoksundo; parks; protected-area; reserves; annapurna; Dhorpatan; Manaslu; Sagarmatha; Langtang; Islt; Wwf; Hmg; Dnpwc; browse; 4460 | ||||
Abstract | Nepal's snow leopards (Uncia uncia) are mostly found along the northern border with Tibet (China). The largest populations are in Dolpa, Mugu, Manang, and Myagdi Districts. Potential habitat totals about 30,000 square kilometers. Numbers are estimated at 300-500, but surveys are urgently needed to confirm this rough guess. Like elsewhere, the primary threats center on poaching, depletion of natural prey, livestock depredation and resultant retributive killing of snow leopards by herders, and the lack of public awareness and support for conserving snow leoaprds, especially among local herders. | ||||
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Publisher | International Snow Leopard Trust | Place of Publication | Seattle | Editor | |
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 434 | Serial | 466 | ||
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Author | Jiang, Z. | ||||
Title | Snow leopards in the Dulan International Hunting Ground, Qinghai, China | Type | Report | ||
Year | 2005 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | Issue | Pages | 1-8 | ||
Keywords | snow; snow leopards; snow leopard; snow-leopards; snow-leopard; leopards; leopard; International; hunting; Qinghai; China; project; international snow leopard trust; International-Snow-Leopard-Trust; trust; program; surveys; survey; mountains; mountain; province; transect; study; area; transects; pug; pug marks; pug-marks; marks; scrapes; scrape; density; densities; wild; ungulates; ungulate; region; camera; environment; photo; capture; population; population size; population-size; Animals; Animal; 20; livestock; Human; attitudes; attitude; tibetan; 30; nature; reserve; uncia; Uncia uncia; Uncia-uncia; species; snow line; snow-line; endemic; alpine; central; Central Asia; asia; countries; country; fox; range; areas; Xinjiang; inner; Inner-Mongolia; Mongolia; Tibet; gansu; Sichuan; habitat; protection; nature reserves; reserves; cat; populations; domestic; laws; law; field; field surveys; field survey; field-surveys; field-survey; Kunlun; distribution; survival; status; Data; conservation | ||||
Abstract | From March to May, 2006œªwe conducted extensive snow leopard surveys in the Burhanbuda Mountain Kunlun Mountains, Qinghai Province, China. 32 linear transect of 5~15 km each, which running through each vegetation type, were surveyed within the study area. A total of 72 traces of snow leopard were found along 4 transects (12.5% of total transects). The traces included pug marks or footprints, scrapes and urine marks. We estimated the average density of wild ungulates in the region was 2.88ñ0.35 individuals km-2(n=29). We emplaced 16 auto2 trigger cameras in different environments and eight photos of snow leopard were shot by four cameras and the capture rate of snow leopard was 71.4%. The minimum snow leopard population size in the Burhanbuda Mountain was two, because two snow leopards were phototrapped by different cameras at almost same time. Simultaneously, the cameras also shot 63 photos of other wild animals, including five photos are unidentified wild animals, and 20 photos of livestock. We evaluated the human attitudes towards snow leopard by interviewing with 27 Tibetan householders of 30 householders live in the study area. We propose to establish a nature reserve for protecting and managing snow leopards in the region. Snow leopard (Uncia uncia) is considered as a unique species because it lives above the snow line, it is endemic to alpines in Central Asia, inhabiting in 12 countries across Central Asia (Fox, 1992). Snow leopard ranges in alpine areas in Qinghai, Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia, Tibet, Gansu and Sichuan in western China (Liao, 1985, 1986; Zhou, 1987; Ma et al., 2002; Jiang & Xu, 2006). The total population and habitat of snow leopards in China are estimated to be 2,000~2,500 individuals and 1,824,316 km2, only 5% of which is under the protection of nature reserves. The cat's current range is fragmented (Zou & Zheng, 2003). Due to strong human persecutions, populations of snow leopards decreased significantly since the end of the 20th century. Thus, the snow leopards are under the protection of international and domestic laws. From March to May, 2006, we conducted two field surveys in Zhiyu Village, Dulan County in Burhanbuda Mountain, Kunlun Mountains, China to determine the population, distribution and survival status of snow leopards in the area. The aim of the study was to provide ecologic data for snow leopard conservation. |
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Notes | Project funded by International Snow Leopard Trust Small Grants Program. | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 1068 | Serial | 493 | ||
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Author | Khan, A. | ||||
Title | Snow Leopard Occurrence in Mankial Valley, Swat: Final report | Type | Report | ||
Year | 2004 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | Issue | Pages | 1-17 | ||
Keywords | snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard; valley; Report; project; International; international snow leopard trust; International-Snow-Leopard-Trust; trust; program; ecosystem; habitat; species; plants; plant; Animals; Animal; birds; research; action; study; survey; Support; Islt; community; Organization; surveys; winter; information; local; sign; pugmarks; feces; scrapes; scrape; prey; prey species; prey-species; recent; population; markhor; hunting; Culture; Pressure; areas; area; feeding; livestock; burning; decline | ||||
Abstract | Mankial is a sub-valley of the Swat Kohistan. Temperate ecosystem of the valley is intact to a greater extent, which provides habitat to a variety of species of plants, animals and birds. Snow leopard is reported from the valley. To confirm its occurrence, the HUJRA (Holistic Understanding for Justified Research and Action), conducted the study titled “Snow Leopard Survey in Mankial Valley, district Swat, NWFP”. The author provided technical support, while ISLT (The International Snow Leopard Trust) funded the project under its small grants program. The World Wide Fund for Nature-Pakistan (WWF-Pakistan) and the Mankial Community Organization (MCO) facilitated surveys under the project. Surveys revealed that Snow leopard visits parts of the Mankial valley in winter months. Information from the local community shows that Snow leopard remains in the Serai (an off-shoot of the Mankial Valley) from early winter to early spring. Intensive surveys of the prime snow leopard winter habitat in the valley found several snow leopard signs including pugmarks, feces, and scrapes. The study also found occurrence of prey species through indirect evidence though. However, information from the local community confirmed that in the recent past there was a good population of markhor in the valley, which is now reduced to less than 50, mostly due to hunting and habitat disturbance. Hunting is part of the local culture and lifestyle. During winter months hunting pressure is low, as most of the local community migrates to warmer plain areas than Mankial Valley. However, those who live in the area lop oak branches for feeding their livestock and cut trees for burning, in addition to hunting prey species of snow leopard. This has resulted in stunted oak vegetation in most of the lower reaches of the valley and decline of the markhor population. | ||||
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Notes | Project funded by International Snow Leopard Trust Small Grants Program, 2003. | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 1069 | Serial | 530 | ||
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Author | Ahmad, I.; Hunter, D.O.; Jackson, R. | ||||
Title | A Snow Leopard and Prey Species Survey in Khunjerab National Park, Pakistan | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 1997 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | Issue | Pages | 92-95 | ||
Keywords | Slims; Islt; Wwf; predator; prey; Pakistan; Khunjerab; parks; park; reserve; reserves; refuge; Marco-Polo-sheep; blue-sheep; surveys; survey; transect; sighn; markings; marking; scrape; spray; ibex; tracks; pug marks; feces; livestock; kill; herder; herders; protected-area; blue; sheep; browse; international snow leopard trust; world wildlife fund; marco polo sheep; marco polo; pug; marks; protected area; protected areas; protected; area; areas; 2810 | ||||
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Publisher | Islt | Place of Publication | Lahore, Pakistan | Editor | R.Jackson; A.Ahmad |
Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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Notes | Title, Monographic: Eighth International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: Islamabad, PakistanDate of Copyright: 1997 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 300 | Serial | 42 | ||
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