| Records |
| Author |
Abramov V.K. |
| Title |
Ecological basis of the conservation of large predators in USSR |
Type |
Miscellaneous |
| Year |
1974 |
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Vol.I. |
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Pages |
7-8 |
| Keywords |
Ussr; large predators; conservation problems; snow leopard.; 5850; Russian |
| Abstract |
Problems of conservation of large predators (Felis tigris L., Panthera pardus L., Felis uncia Schreb., Acinonyx jubatus Schreb., Hyaena h¢…†n… L., Cuon alpinus Pall., Ursus maritimus Phipps, U.tibetanus Cuv.) inhabiting territory of USSR are discussed. |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Proceedings of 1st International Congress on mammals. |
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no |
| Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 564 |
Serial |
31 |
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| Author |
Shrestha, B. |
| Title |
Prey Abundance and Prey Selection by Snow Leopard (uncia uncia) in the Sagarmatha (Mt. Everest) National Park, Nepal |
Type |
Report |
| Year |
2008 |
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1-35 |
| Keywords |
project; snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard; network; conservation; program; prey; abundance; selection; uncia; Uncia uncia; Uncia-uncia; Sagarmatha; national; national park; National-park; park; Nepal; resource; predators; predator; ecological; impact; region; community; structure; number; research; population; status; density; densities; wild; prey species; prey-species; species; Himalayan; tahr; musk; musk-deer; deer; game; birds; diet; livestock; livestock depredation; livestock-depredation; depredation; awareness; co-existence; ungulates; ungulate; Human; using; areas; area; monitoring; transect; Hair; identification; scat; attack; patterns; sighting; 1760; populations; birth; Male; Female; young; domestic; domestic livestock; 120; scats; yak; Dog; pika; wildlife; Seasons; winter; horse; study; cover; land; predation; Pressure; development; strategy; threatened; threatened species; threatened-species; conflicts; conflict; people; control; husbandry; compensation; reintroduction; blue; blue sheep; blue-sheep; sheep; free ranging |
| Abstract |
Predators have significant ecological impacts on the region's prey-predator dynamic and community structure through their numbers and prey selection. During April-December 2007, I conducted a research in Sagarmatha (Mt. Everest) National Park (SNP) to: i) explore population status and density of wild prey species; Himalayan tahr, musk deer and game birds, ii) investigate diet of the snow leopard and to estimate prey selection by snow leopard, iii) identify the pattern of livestock depredation by snow leopard, its mitigation, and raise awareness through outreach program, and identify the challenge and opportunities on conservation snow leopard and its co-existence with wild ungulates and the human using the areas of the SNP. Methodology of my research included vantage points and regular monitoring from trails for Himalayan tahr, fixed line transect with belt drive method for musk deer and game birds, and microscopic hair identification in snow leopard's scat to investigate diet of snow leopard and to estimate prey selection. Based on available evidence and witness accounts of snow leopard attack on livestock, the patterns of livestock depredation were assessed. I obtained 201 sighting of Himalayan tahr (1760 individuals) and estimated 293 populations in post-parturient period (April-June), 394 in birth period (July -October) and 195 November- December) in rutting period. In average, ratio of male to females was ranged from 0.34 to 0.79 and ratio of kid to female was 0.21-0.35, and yearling to kid was 0.21- 0.47. The encounter rate for musk deer was 1.06 and density was 17.28/km2. For Himalayan monal, the encounter rate was 2.14 and density was 35.66/km2. I obtained 12 sighting of snow cock comprising 69 individual in Gokyo. The ratio of male to female was 1.18 and young to female was 2.18. Twelve species (8 species of wild and 4 species of domestic livestock) were identified in the 120 snow leopard scats examined. In average, snow leopard predated most frequently on Himalayan tahr and it was detected in 26.5% relative frequency of occurrence while occurred in 36.66% of all scats, then it was followed by musk deer (19.87%), yak (12.65%), cow (12.04%), dog (10.24%), unidentified mammal (3.61%), woolly hare (3.01%), rat sp. (2.4%), unidentified bird sp. (1.8%), pika (1.2%), and shrew (0.6%) (Table 5.8 ). Wild species were present in 58.99% of scats whereas domestic livestock with dog were present in 40.95% of scats. Snow leopard predated most frequently on wildlife species in three seasons; spring (61.62%), autumn (61.11%) and winter (65.51%), and most frequently on domestic species including dog in summer season (54.54%). In term of relative biomass consumed, in average, Himalayan tahr was the most important prey species contributed 26.27% of the biomass consumed. This was followed by yak (22.13%), cow (21.06%), musk deer (11.32%), horse (10.53%), wooly hare (1.09%), rat (0.29%), pika (0.14%) and shrew (0.07%). In average, domestic livestock including dog were contributed more biomass in the diet of snow leopard comprising 60.8% of the biomass consumed whilst the wild life species comprising 39.19%. The annual prey consumption by a snow leopard (based on 2 kg/day) was estimated to be three Himalayan tahr, seven musk deer, five wooly hare, four rat sp., two pika, one shrew and four livestock. In the present study, the highest frequency of attack was found during April to June and lowest to July to November. The day of rainy and cloudy was the more vulnerable to livestock depredation. Snow leopard attacks occurred were the highest at near escape cover such as shrub land and cliff. Both predation pressure on tahr and that on livestock suggest that the development of effective conservation strategies for two threatened species (predator and prey) depends on resolving conflicts between people and predators. Recently, direct control of free – ranging livestock, good husbandry and compensation to shepherds may reduce snow leopard – human conflict. In long term solution, the reintroduction of blue sheep at the higher altitudes could also “buffer” predation on livestock. |
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| Notes |
Project funded by Snow Leopard Network's Snow Leopard Conservation Grant Program. Forum of Natural Resource Managers, Nepal. |
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no |
| Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 1076 |
Serial |
887 |
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| Author |
Scheber |
| Title |
Snow Leopard in the south part of Gobi-Altai mountain range |
Type |
Miscellaneous |
| Year |
1975 |
Publication |
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Issue |
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Pages |
17 |
| Keywords |
Mongolia; asia; snow-leopard; herders; livestock; predators; prey; gobi; distribution; snow leopard; browse; 960 |
| Abstract |
Accorfing to the information from Gurvan its rumored that the snow leopards grow in number and many times they attacked the livestock entering into the domestic area causing damage, we investigated theGurvan Tes sumon of Umnogobi aimag and also Noyon sumon todisplay the reserve review and spreading area of snow leopard from 22 of December of 1975 to 10th of January of 1976. |
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| Notes |
The Snow Leopard Trust has a hand copied form of this document translated from Russian, |
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no |
| Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 28 |
Serial |
872 |
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| Author |
Sapozhnikov G.N. |
| Title |
Wild sheep in Tajikistan |
Type |
Miscellaneous |
| Year |
1976 |
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Issue |
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Pages |
199 p. |
| Keywords |
Tajikistan; urial; argali; taxonomy; morphology; variability; life history characteristics; distribution; number; diet; behavior; parasites; predators; snow leopard.; 8060; Russian |
| Abstract |
The monograph provides data concerning taxonomy, morphology, and age variability of wild sheep. There described distribution, number, population composition, behavioral patterns, reproduction, predators and parasites. Besides, a matter of conservation and sustainable use of the species is discussed. Together with wolf, snow leopard is called an enemy of O. o. vignei and argali (O. o. polii). |
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Full text available in Russian |
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no |
| Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 784 |
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845 |
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| Author |
Razmakhnin V.E. |
| Title |
Siberian wild ibex |
Type |
Miscellaneous |
| Year |
1977 |
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164-175 |
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Ussr; Siberian wild ibex; biology; distribution; number; variability; behavior; predators; snow leopard.; 8050; Russian |
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It provides a detailed description of biology, distribution, geographic variability, behavior, and locomotion features of ibex in the USSR. Its population was defined as 100,000 animals, main enemies being wolf, snow leopard, and golden eagle. Wolf mainly preys on ibex at the end of winter; old males, weakened during the heat mostly becoming a prey. Snow leopards prey on ibexes all year round. Golden eagles mostly prey on young ibexes. |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Ungulates. Rare animals of the USSR. |
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no |
| Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 783 |
Serial |
810 |
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| Author |
Poyarkov, A.D.; Subbotin, A.E. |
| Title |
Strategic Priorities and the System of Measures for Snow Leopard Conservation in Russia |
Type |
Conference Article |
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2002 |
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snow; leopard; range; conservation; habitats; cooridoors; reserve; reserves; Russia; competitors; Competition; predators prey; population; poaching; smuggling; grazers; program; 5060 |
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Islt |
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Islt |
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Title, Monographic: Proceedings of the Snow Leopard Survival SummitPlace of Meeting: Seattle,WA |
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SLN @ rana @ 492 |
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790 |
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| Author |
Plyaskin V.E. |
| Title |
About a methodology of predatory mammals study under the conditions of mountain nature reserves |
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Miscellaneous |
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1984 |
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25 |
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large predators; methodology of studing; snow leopard.; 7920; Russian |
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Methods of studying large predatory mammals in mountain nature reserves are described. The following was recommended in terms of snow leopard: methods of plotting encounter places based on oral questioning of local communities; counts on the sites of traces (1.5 x 1.5 m) with mellow flat soil with odor lure in the center; obtaining indirect data by analyzing data concerning numbers and herds of ibex. |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Study and protection of wildlife objects. |
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SLN @ rana @ 770 |
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776 |
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| Author |
Plakhov K.N. |
| Title |
Menzbier's marmot in Kazakhstan |
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Miscellaneous |
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2002 |
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106-109 |
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Kazakhstan; Menzbier's marmot; predators; snow leopard.; 7900; Russian |
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Menzbier's marmot is preyed on by snow leopard, bear, wolf, fox, bearded vulture, golden eagle, black vulture, and raven. A harm caused by the predators to the Kazakhstan population of marmot made up 2,000 3,000 in 2001. |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Zoological studies in Kazakhstan. |
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SLN @ rana @ 768 |
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774 |
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| Author |
Lydekker, R. |
| Title |
The Game Animals of India, Burma, Malaya, and Tibet |
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1907 |
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prey; predators; game; India; Burma; Malaya; Tibet; browse; 1930 |
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Rowland Ward |
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London |
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English |
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ProCite field [12]: (1907) |
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SLN @ rana @ 9 |
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630 |
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| Author |
Fedosenko A.K. |
| Title |
Relationship between the predators and wild ungulates in North Tien Shan and Jungar Alatau |
Type |
Miscellaneous |
| Year |
1979 |
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72-74 |
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Kazakhstan; predators-preys relationship; snow leopard; preys.; 6670; Russian |
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Ibex is a main prey for snow leopards. The role of marmots and snow cocks in snow leopard's consumption is negligent. It can prey on morals in the fir-wood. A case of snow leopard's attacking a dog is also known. |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Ecologic fundamentals of protection and sustainable use of predatory mammals. |
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| Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 645 |
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270 |
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