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Author International Snow Leopard Trust
Title Snow Leopard News, Spring 2002 Type Miscellaneous
Year 2002 Publication Snow Leopard News Abbreviated Journal
Volume (up) Issue Pages
Keywords Snow-leopard-survival-strategy-summit; Slss; Islt; NGO's; Woodland-Park-Zoo; seattle; logo; Pakistan; behaviour; hunting; herders; conservation; tourism; Mongolia; Charudutt-Mishra; browse; 4330
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Publisher Islt Place of Publication Seattle, Washington Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
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ISSN ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Full Text at URLIndex of Articles:1. Snow Leopard Survival Strategy Summit2.Show Your Creativity: Eneter our Logo Contest3.Serious Snow Leopard fun in Pakistan4. Mission to Mongolia 20025.Spring Cleaning Treasures6.Another Doscter on the TeamDate of Copyright: 2002 Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 421 Serial 935
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Author ud Din, J.
Title Assessing the Status of Snow Leopard in Torkhow Valley, District Chitral, Pakistan: Final Technical Report Type Report
Year 2008 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume (up) Issue Pages 1-16
Keywords status; snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard; valley; chitral; Pakistan; Report; study; prey; Base; conflict; threats; threat; wildlife; sign; transect; surveys; survey; Slims; Data; number; snow leopards; snow-leopards; leopards; Animals; Animal; population; livestock; livestock depredation; livestock-depredation; depredation; area; Case; ungulates; ungulate; Himalayan; himalayan ibex; ibex; rut; using; prey species; prey-species; species; marmot; game; birds; carnivores; carnivore; wolf; wolves; jackal; fox; survival; retaliatory; retaliatory killing; retaliatory-killing; killing; poisoning; poaching; loss; habitat; habitat degradation; habitat-degradation; degradation; grazing; collection; awareness; Gis; map; staff; field; training; conservation; community; distribution; resource; project; network; program
Abstract This study was aimed at assessing the status of Snow leopard, its major prey base, and the extent of human-Snow leopard conflict and major threats to the wildlife in north Chitral (Torkhow valley) Pakistan. Snow leopard occurrence was conformed through sign transect surveys i.e. SLIMS. Based on the data collected the number of Snow leopards in this survey block (1022 Kmý) is estimated to be 2-3 animals. Comparing this estimate with the available data from other parts of the district the population of snow leopard in Chitral district was count to be 36 animals. Livestock depredation reports collected from the area reflect the existence of human-snow leopard conflict and 138 cases were recorded affecting 102 families (in a period of eight years, 2001-2008). Ungulates (Himalayan Ibex) rut season surveys were conducted in coordination with NWFP Wildlife department. A total of 429 animals were counted using direct count (point method) surveys. Other snow leopard prey species recorded include marmot, hare, and game birds. Signs of other carnivores i.e. wolf, jackal, and fox were also noticed. Major threats to the survival of wildlife especially snow leopard reckoned include retaliatory killing (Shooting, Poisoning), poaching, loss of natural prey, habitat degradation (over grazing, fodder and fuel wood collection), lack of awareness, and over population. GIS map of the study area was developed highlighting the area searched for Snow leopard and its prey species. Capacity of the Wildlife Department staff was built in conducting SLIMS and ungulate surveys through class room and on field training. Awareness regarding the importance of wildlife conservation was highlighted to the students, teachers and general community through lectures and distribution of resource materials developed by WWF-Pakistan.
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Notes Project funded by Snow Leopard Network's Snow Leopard Conservation Grant Program. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 1065 Serial 978
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Author Usgs; International Snow Leopard Trust
Title Snow Leopard Habitat Map Type Map
Year 1995 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume (up) Issue Pages
Keywords map; habitat; 4860; snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard; range; Pakistan; resource; Division; trust; International; symposium; Jackson
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Publisher ISLT and World Wide Fund for Nature - Pakistan Place of Publication Pakistan Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Snow leopard range map published in: Proceedings of the Eighth International Snow Leopard Symposium. Held in Islamabad, Pakistan 12-16 November 1995. Editors of proceedings: Rodney Jackson and Ashiq Ahmad. Map authors U.S.G.S. Biological Resources Division and Snow Leopard Trust. Page 9. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 471 Serial 979
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Author Schaller, G.B.
Title Mountain mammals in Pakistan Type Journal Article
Year 1976 Publication Tigerpaper Abbreviated Journal
Volume (up) III Issue 4 Pages 1-11
Keywords snow leopard, Pakistan
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Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language English Summary Language Original Title
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Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ Serial 1201
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Author Khan, J.
Title Availability of snow leopard pelt in Pakistan Type Report
Year 2002 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume (up) Issue Pages
Keywords snow leopard, Pakistan, pelt, wildlife trade
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Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language English Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
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ISSN ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ Serial 1246
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Author Anonymous
Title You can help save the snow leopard Type Miscellaneous
Year Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume (up) Issue Pages
Keywords Pakistan, snow leopard, conservation
Abstract
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Pakistani Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes English translation. Year unknown. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ Serial 1270
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Author Rosen, T. Hussain, S. Mohammad, G. Jackson, R. Janecka, J, E. Michel, S.
Title Reconciling Sustainable Development of Mountain Communities With Large Carnivore Conservation Type Journal Article
Year 2012 Publication Mountain Research and Development Abbreviated Journal
Volume (up) Issue 32(3) Pages 286-293
Keywords Carnivores; conflict; conservation; incentives; livestock; insurance scheme; community empowerment; Pakistan
Abstract While the world is becoming increasingly interconnected and interdependent, physically and culturally, the wildlife of remote mountain regions is being affected both positively and negatively by such interconnectedness. In the case of snow leopards, the conservation impact has been largely, and rather unexpectedly, positive: Species-focused conservation projects, such as Project Snow Leopard (PSL) in

Gilgit-Baltistan, remain mainly externally driven initiatives. PSL, initiated as a small pilot project in 1998, has relied on an approach that includes the use of an insurance scheme, the deployment of mitigation measures, and the empowerment of local governance. This approach has been successful in

reducing the conflict with snow leopards and has built greater tolerance toward them. PSL is managed by local communities and cofinanced by them. PSL communities throughout the region are bearing the burden of carnivore conservation, and they are unwittingly subsidizing their populations by ‘‘feeding’’

them their livestock even though they are an economic threat to them. In this article, we argue that external intervention in the form of efforts that help alleviate the consequences of conflict through local empowerment have had a positive impact on the local mountain societies. We also show that such interventions have resulted in tangible conservation results, with the number of snow leopards staying at least stable. Our experience also shows that while the incentive component is critical, it is also part of a larger approach—one that includes developing and supporting local governance structures, improving access to education, and offering a range of tools to reduce the conflict that can be implemented

locally. Finally, we suggest that investing in this approach— one that recognizes the species and local-context complexities surrounding the implementation of conservation incentives—can continue to inform international practices and guidelines for reducing human–wildlife conflicts worldwide.
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Notes Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rakhee @ Serial 1387
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Author Jackson. R
Title Fostering Community-Based Stewardship of Wildlife in Central Asia: Transforming Snow Leopards from Pests into Valued Assets Type Book Chapter
Year 2012 Publication Springer Science and Business Media Abbreviated Journal
Volume (up) Issue Pages 357-380
Keywords Gurvan Saikhan National Park,Annapurna National Park,Nepal,Pakistan,India,Mongolia,China,Tibet,Mining,Poaching,PRA,Holistic,Community engagement,Fuel,Habitat fragmentation
Abstract Book Title: Rangeland Stewardship in Central Asia: Balancing Improved Livelihoods, Biodiversity Conservation and Land Protection, 2012. Edited by Victor Squires. Published Springer Science+Business Media. 458 p. 91 illus., 61 in color.

Addressing human–wildlife conflict is an important requisite to managing

rangelands for livestock and wildlife. Despite high altitudes, aridity, and relatively

low primary productivity, the rangelands of Central Asia support a rich and diverse

biodiversity—including the endangered snow leopard that many herders perceive

as a predator to be eliminated. Conserving this and other wildlife species requires

carefully crafted interventions aimed at curbing depredation losses and/or reducing

competition for forage, along with offering locally sustainable, environmentally

friendly income-generating activities for supplementing pastoral household livelihoods.

This is best achieved through a combination of incentives designed to foster

sound rangeland and wildlife stewardship, along penalties or disincentives targeting

herders who violate mutually agreed rules and regulations (including grazing norms

and wildlife disturbance or poaching).

When working toward the harmonious coexistence of people and wildlife,

conservationists and rangeland practitioners need to seek the cooperation and

build goodwill among herders and other stakeholders, including local government

and private industry (especially the livestock production, mining, and tourism

sectors).
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Notes Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rakhee @ Serial 1393
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Author Khatoon, R., Hussain, I., Anwar, M., Nawaz, M. A.
Title Diet selection of snow leopard (Panthera uncia) in Chitral, Pakistan Type Journal Article
Year 2017 Publication Turkish Journal of Zoology Abbreviated Journal
Volume (up) Issue 14 Pages 914-923
Keywords Snow leopard, conservation, seasonal variation, diet composition, Chitral, Pakistan
Abstract Snow leopard (Panthera uncia) is an elusive endangered carnivore found in remote mountain regions of Central Asia, with

sparse distribution in northern Pakistan, including Chitral and Baltistan. The present study determined the food habits of snow leopard,

including preferred prey species and seasonal variation in diet. Fifty-six scat samples were collected and analyzed to determine the

diet composition in two different seasons, i.e. summer and winter. Hair characteristics such as cuticular scale patterns and medullary

structure were used to identify the prey. This evidence was further substantiated from the remains of bones, claws, feathers, and other

undigested remains found in the scats. A total of 17 prey species were identified; 5 of them were large mammals, 6 were mesomammals,

and the remaining 6 were small mammals. The occurrence of wild ungulates (10.4%) in the diet was low, while livestock constituted a

substantial part (26.4%) of the diet, which was higher in summer and lower in winter. Mesomammals altogether comprised 33.4% of

the diet, with palm civet (Paguma larvata) as a dominant (16.8%) species, followed by golden marmot (Marmota caudate) (8.8%), which

was higher in winter. There was a significant difference in seasonal variation in domestic livestock and small mammals. The livestock

contribution of 26.4% observed in the present study indicates a significant dependence of the population on livestock and suggests

that the study area is expected to be a high-conflict area for snow leopards. The results of the current study would help improve the

conservation efforts for snow leopards, contributing to conflict resolution and effective management of this endangered cat.
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Notes Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rakhee @ Serial 1459
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Author Aruge, S., Batool, H., Khan, F. M., Abbas, F. I., Janjua, S
Title A pilot study�genetic diversity and population structure of snow leopards of Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan, using molecular techniques. Type Journal Article
Year 2019 Publication PeerJ Abbreviated Journal
Volume (up) Issue 7672 Pages 1-14
Keywords Population, Genetics, Panthera uncia, Pakistan, Molecular markers
Abstract Background: The Hindu Kush and Karakoram mountain ranges in Pakistan�s northern areas are a natural habitat of the snow leopard (Panthera uncia syn. Uncia uncia) but the ecological studies on this animal are scarce since it is human shy by nature and lives in dif!cult mountainous tracts. The pilot study is conducted to exploit the genetic diversity and population structure of the snow leopard in this selected natural habitat of the member of the wildcat family in Pakistan.

Method: About 50 putative scat samples of snow leopard from !ve localities of Gilgit-Baltistan (Pakistan) along with a control sample of zoo maintained male snow leopard were collected for comparison. Signi!cant quality and quantity of genomic DNA was extracted from scat samples using combined Zhang�phenol�chloroform method and successful ampli!cation of cytochrome c oxidase I gene (190 bp) using mini-barcode primers, seven simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers and Y-linked AMELY gene (200 bp) was done.

Results: Cytochrome c oxidase I gene sequencing suggested that 33/50 (66%) scat samples were of snow leopard. AMELY primer suggested that out of 33 ampli!ed samples, 21 (63.63%) scats were from male and 12 (36.36%) from female leopards. Through successful ampli!cation of DNA of 25 out of 33 (75.75%) scat samples using SSR markers, a total of 68 alleles on seven SSR loci were identi!ed, showing low heterozygosity, while high gene "ow between population.

Discussion: The low gene flow rate among the population results in low genetic diversity causing decreased diversi!cation. This affects the adaptability to climatic changes, thus ultimately resulting in decreased population size of the species.
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Notes Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rakhee @ Serial 1491
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