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Shrestha, B. |
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Title |
Prey Abundance and Prey Selection by Snow Leopard (uncia uncia) in the Sagarmatha (Mt. Everest) National Park, Nepal |
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2008 |
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1-35 |
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project; snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard; network; conservation; program; prey; abundance; selection; uncia; Uncia uncia; Uncia-uncia; Sagarmatha; national; national park; National-park; park; Nepal; resource; predators; predator; ecological; impact; region; community; structure; number; research; population; status; density; densities; wild; prey species; prey-species; species; Himalayan; tahr; musk; musk-deer; deer; game; birds; diet; livestock; livestock depredation; livestock-depredation; depredation; awareness; co-existence; ungulates; ungulate; Human; using; areas; area; monitoring; transect; Hair; identification; scat; attack; patterns; sighting; 1760; populations; birth; Male; Female; young; domestic; domestic livestock; 120; scats; yak; Dog; pika; wildlife; Seasons; winter; horse; study; cover; land; predation; Pressure; development; strategy; threatened; threatened species; threatened-species; conflicts; conflict; people; control; husbandry; compensation; reintroduction; blue; blue sheep; blue-sheep; sheep; free ranging |
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Predators have significant ecological impacts on the region's prey-predator dynamic and community structure through their numbers and prey selection. During April-December 2007, I conducted a research in Sagarmatha (Mt. Everest) National Park (SNP) to: i) explore population status and density of wild prey species; Himalayan tahr, musk deer and game birds, ii) investigate diet of the snow leopard and to estimate prey selection by snow leopard, iii) identify the pattern of livestock depredation by snow leopard, its mitigation, and raise awareness through outreach program, and identify the challenge and opportunities on conservation snow leopard and its co-existence with wild ungulates and the human using the areas of the SNP. Methodology of my research included vantage points and regular monitoring from trails for Himalayan tahr, fixed line transect with belt drive method for musk deer and game birds, and microscopic hair identification in snow leopard's scat to investigate diet of snow leopard and to estimate prey selection. Based on available evidence and witness accounts of snow leopard attack on livestock, the patterns of livestock depredation were assessed. I obtained 201 sighting of Himalayan tahr (1760 individuals) and estimated 293 populations in post-parturient period (April-June), 394 in birth period (July -October) and 195 November- December) in rutting period. In average, ratio of male to females was ranged from 0.34 to 0.79 and ratio of kid to female was 0.21-0.35, and yearling to kid was 0.21- 0.47. The encounter rate for musk deer was 1.06 and density was 17.28/km2. For Himalayan monal, the encounter rate was 2.14 and density was 35.66/km2. I obtained 12 sighting of snow cock comprising 69 individual in Gokyo. The ratio of male to female was 1.18 and young to female was 2.18. Twelve species (8 species of wild and 4 species of domestic livestock) were identified in the 120 snow leopard scats examined. In average, snow leopard predated most frequently on Himalayan tahr and it was detected in 26.5% relative frequency of occurrence while occurred in 36.66% of all scats, then it was followed by musk deer (19.87%), yak (12.65%), cow (12.04%), dog (10.24%), unidentified mammal (3.61%), woolly hare (3.01%), rat sp. (2.4%), unidentified bird sp. (1.8%), pika (1.2%), and shrew (0.6%) (Table 5.8 ). Wild species were present in 58.99% of scats whereas domestic livestock with dog were present in 40.95% of scats. Snow leopard predated most frequently on wildlife species in three seasons; spring (61.62%), autumn (61.11%) and winter (65.51%), and most frequently on domestic species including dog in summer season (54.54%). In term of relative biomass consumed, in average, Himalayan tahr was the most important prey species contributed 26.27% of the biomass consumed. This was followed by yak (22.13%), cow (21.06%), musk deer (11.32%), horse (10.53%), wooly hare (1.09%), rat (0.29%), pika (0.14%) and shrew (0.07%). In average, domestic livestock including dog were contributed more biomass in the diet of snow leopard comprising 60.8% of the biomass consumed whilst the wild life species comprising 39.19%. The annual prey consumption by a snow leopard (based on 2 kg/day) was estimated to be three Himalayan tahr, seven musk deer, five wooly hare, four rat sp., two pika, one shrew and four livestock. In the present study, the highest frequency of attack was found during April to June and lowest to July to November. The day of rainy and cloudy was the more vulnerable to livestock depredation. Snow leopard attacks occurred were the highest at near escape cover such as shrub land and cliff. Both predation pressure on tahr and that on livestock suggest that the development of effective conservation strategies for two threatened species (predator and prey) depends on resolving conflicts between people and predators. Recently, direct control of free – ranging livestock, good husbandry and compensation to shepherds may reduce snow leopard – human conflict. In long term solution, the reintroduction of blue sheep at the higher altitudes could also “buffer” predation on livestock. |
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Project funded by Snow Leopard Network's Snow Leopard Conservation Grant Program. Forum of Natural Resource Managers, Nepal. |
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SLN @ rana @ 1076 |
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887 |
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Author |
Shukurov E.J. |
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Title |
List of of species included in Red data Book of Republic of Kyrgyzstan |
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Miscellaneous |
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2004 |
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83 |
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Kyrgyzstan; Red Data book; list of species; snow leopard.; 8160; Russian |
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It gives List of species included in Red data Book of Republic of Kyrgyzstan (1984). Totally 13 mammals including snow leopard listed in Kyrgyz Red data book. |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Annals of nature in protected areas of Kyrgyz Republic. Metodical guide. |
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SLN @ rana @ 794 |
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892 |
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Author |
Sludskiy A.A. |
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Mammals |
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Miscellaneous |
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1982 |
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55-79 |
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Ussr; extinct species; endangered species; Cats; tiger; leopard; snow leopard; caracal; Lynx; manul.; 8180; Russian |
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The author describes the lot of extinct and endangered mammal species inhabitants of various continents. Over the last 2,000 years, on the territory now occupied by the USSR, 11 species and sub-species of mammals died away and several dozens of species and sub-species are now endangered or rare and require special conservation measures. Big Felidae species include tiger (150 170 animals), leopard (38-48 animals, of which 20-25 permanently live in the Far East, the rest migrating), snow leopard, whose population reduced drastically (about 1,000 animals), caracal, Central Asia lynx, and manul. |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: To preserve for descendants. |
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SLN @ rana @ 796 |
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899 |
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Author |
Sokolov V.E. |
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Snow leopard genus |
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Miscellaneous |
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1979 |
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Volume ![sorted by Volume (numeric) field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
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238-240 |
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snow leopard; taxonomy; species range; habitats; reproduction; diet; Pregnancy; birth; cubs; lifetime; endangered species.; 8240; Russian |
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Genus Uncia has only one species snow leopard. Described is the length of body, length of tail, body weight, colour, skull, number of teeth, habitat, reproduction, and life expectancy. This species has no essential practical value and is included in the Red Data Book as an endangered species. |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Taxonomy of mammals. |
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SLN @ rana @ 802 |
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907 |
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Sokov A.I. |
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About rare carnivores of Tajikistan |
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1976 |
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Volume ![sorted by Volume (numeric) field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
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97-102 |
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Tajikistan; Pamir; conservation; rare species; carnivores; distribution; number; snow leopard.; 8210; Russian |
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The data on distribution of 10 species of rare carnivores in Tajikistan are given. Uncia uncia uncia inhabits in high mountain regions of Central Tajikistan and Mountain-Badakhshan province. Tajikistan has banned the hunting of snow leopard since 1968. Author proposes to establish of nature reserves in Eastern Pamir in Aksay and Modur, in basin of Istyk river as well as in area from Matcha village to Zeravshan glacier including Southern Turkestan ridge and Northern Zeravshan ridge for purpose of snow leopard conservation. |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Rare mammals of USSR fauna. |
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SLN @ rana @ 799 |
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912 |
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Sosnovskiy I.P. |
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Snow leopard or irbis |
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1987 |
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106-110 |
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Ussr; Red Data book; endangered species; snow leopard.; 8310; Russian |
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In a popular form, it tells about rare vertebrate animals included in the Red Data Book of the USSR, their biology, behavioral patterns, threats and measures being taken to protect them. Total number of snow leopard in the USSR is defined as 2,000 animals. 200 snow leopards live in zoos throughout the world. The animals successfully reproduce themselves in the Moscow, Kaunas, and Alma-Ata zoos. Snow leopard's maximum life expectancy in enclosures is 22 years. |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Rare and endangered animals: leafing through the Red Data Book of the USSR. |
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SLN @ rana @ 809 |
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917 |
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International Snow Leopard Trust |
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Snow Leopard News Spring 1999 |
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1999 |
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Snow Leopard News |
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Chitrol-Gol; Pakistan; Turner-foundation-grant; zoos; cooperation; conservation; Islt; Jackson; Slims; Singh; indictator-species; prey; browse; 4400 |
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Islt |
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Seattle, WA |
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Full Text at URLTable of Contents1.Chitrol Gol National Park, Pakistan Febuary 19992.ISLT Recieves Turner Foundation Grant3.ISLT and Zoos Continue Link for Conservation Success4.News and Notes5.Field Notes6.Jay Singh7.Snow Leopard Spot |
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SLN @ rana @ 428 |
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925 |
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International Snow Leopard Trust |
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Snow Leopard News |
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1999 |
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Snow Leopard News |
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Hongfei; Natural-Partnership-Program; conservation; education; retribution; herders; livestock; killing; indicator-species; training; workshops; NGO's; Wwf; SLC's; web-of-life-poster; browse; 4410 |
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Islt |
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Seattle, WA |
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Full Text at URLTable of Contents:1.ISLT Hires Snow Leopard Conservationist in China2.Six New Zoos Join Natural Partnership Program3.1999Field Conservation Program of Work4.1999 Conservation Education Program of Work |
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SLN @ rana @ 429 |
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926 |
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Strautman Ye.I.Bekenov A. |
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Rare and endangered vertebrate animas of Kazakhstan, and their protection |
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1978 |
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Volume ![sorted by Volume (numeric) field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
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33-34 |
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Kazakhstan; Red Data book; conservation measures; extinction risk; endangered species; snow leopard; protected areas.; 8330; Russian |
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In Kazakhstan, there are 158 mammal species, 485 bird species, 52 reptile and 12 amphibian species, and about 150 fish species, of which 31 mammal species, 43 bird species, eight reptile, one amphibian and four fish species need protection. Snow leopard is referred to endangered species. Six nature reserves and 43 preserves have been established to protect rare and endangered animal and plant species in Kazakhstan. |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Protection of flora and fauna in Uzbekistan. |
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SLN @ rana @ 811 |
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940 |
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Sultanov G.S. |
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Animals protection, reproduction and use |
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1974 |
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30-37 |
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Uzbekistan; fauna; extinct; close to extinct; rare species; snow leopard; conservation measures; territorial protection.; 8340; Russian |
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Caspian tiger, cheetah, moral have disappeared from the region's fauna. Species such as hyena, leopard, manul are endangered, honey badger and caracal available only on the south of Karakalpakstan, lynx, snow leopard and saiga are rare species. The implemented protection measures helped Iranian otter, Bukhara red deer, marchor, and Severtsev's sheep escape a total extermination. To preserve many valuable animals in Uzbekistan small investments in their habitats improvement are required. Nature reserves and preserves occupy a total area of more than 220,000 ha in the country. All rare species of Central Asia's fauna are under protection of the state. |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Nature and man. |
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SLN @ rana @ 812 |
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944 |
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Sultanov G.S. |
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Some results of nature conservation in Uzbekistan |
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1982 |
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Volume ![sorted by Volume (numeric) field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
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3-4 |
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Uzbekistan; vertebrates; rare species; Red Data book; snow leopard.; 8350; Russian |
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Last years scientists from Zoology institute have analyzed the modern status of vertebrates of Uzbekistan and trend of the populations. As a result 63 vertebrates including 22 mammals including snow leopard were recommended to be include into preparing Red Data book of Uzbekistan as endangered species. Unfortunately many of specialists' recommendations connected with establishing new protected areas are not putting into practice. |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Wild life protection and rehabilitation. |
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SLN @ rana @ 813 |
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945 |
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Sultanov G.S. |
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The Red Book of Uzbekistan and animal protection issues |
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1984 |
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36-40 |
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Uzbekistan; rare species; habitats; poaching; introduction; re-introduction; mammals; birds; reptiles; fishes; snow leopard.; 8360; Russian |
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Due to development of new lands and increased anthropogenic pressure animals are displaced from their habitats. Intense poaching caused dying away a number of animals such as Turan tiger, moral, and kulan in Uzbekistan at the end of 19th beginning of 20th century. The endangered species are marchor, cheetah, lynx, snow leopard, caracal, and cobra. Species put on the verge of a total extermination are included in the national Red Data Book (22 mammal species, 31 bird species, five reptile and five fish species). The introduction of some species such as raccoon, European fallow deer, nylghau, and chinchilla was unsuccessful. |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Hunting and wildlife conservation in Uzbekistan. |
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SLN @ rana @ 814 |
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946 |
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Author |
Suryawanshi, K.R.; Bhatnagar, Y.; Mishra, C. |
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Title |
Why should a grazer browse? Livestock impact on winter resource use by bharal Pseudois nayaur
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2009 |
Publication |
Oecologia |
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1-10 |
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Keywords |
browse; livestock; impact; winter; resource; use; bharal; Pseudois; pseudois nayaur; Pseudois-nayaur; nayaur; diet; variation; diets; conservation; Media; study; decline; areas; area; grazing; Pressure; plants; plant; sign; feeding; location; population; structure; populations; using; young; Female; times; High; Competition; species; predators; predator; endangered; snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard; trans-himalaya; transhimalaya |
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Many mammalian herbivores show a temporal diet variation between graminoid-dominated and browse dominated diets. We determined the causes of such a diet shift and its implications for conservation of a medium sized ungulate-the bharal Pseudois nayaur. Past studies show that the bharal diet is dominated by graminoids (>80%) during summer, but the contribution of graminoids declines to about 50% in winter. We tested the predictions generated by two alternative hypotheses explaining the decline: low graminoid availability during winter causes bharal to include browse in their diet; bharal include browse, with relatively higher nutritional quality, in their diet to compensate for the poor quality of graminoids during winter. We measured winter graminoid availability in areas with no livestock grazing, areas with relatively moderate livestock grazing, and those with intense livestock grazing pressures. The chemical composition of plants contributing to the bharal diet was analysed. The bharal diet was quantiWed through signs of feeding on vegetation at feeding locations. Population structures of bharal populations were recorded using a total count method. Graminoid availability was highest in areas without livestock grazing, followed by areas with moderate and intense livestock grazing. The bharal diet was dominated by graminoids (73%) in areas with highest graminoid availability. Graminoid contribution to the bharal diet declined monotonically (50, 36%) with a decline in graminoid availability. Bharal young to female ratio was 3 times higher in areas with high graminoid availability than areas with low graminoid availability. The composition of the bharal winter diet was governed predominantly by the availability of graminoids in the rangelands. Our results suggest that bharal include more browse in their diet during winter due to competition from livestock for graminoids. Since livestock grazing reduces graminoid availability, creation of livestock-free areas is necessary for the conservation of grazing species such as the bharal and its predators including the endangered snow leopard in the Trans-Himalaya. |
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Springer-Verlag |
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Online |
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This study was made possible by a grant from the Snow Leopard Network. Additional support was given by the Wildlife Conservation Society-India Program and Nature Conservation Foundation, the Whitley Fund for Nature, the Ford Foundation, and the Nadathur Conservation Trust. |
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no |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 1062 |
Serial |
951 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Suryawanshi, K.R. |
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Title |
Towards snow leopard prey recovery: understanding the resource use strategies and demographic responses of bharal Pseudois nayaur to livestock grazing and removal; Final project report |
Type |
Report |
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Year |
2009 |
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Volume ![sorted by Volume (numeric) field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
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Pages |
1-43 |
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Keywords |
project; snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard; network; conservation; program; prey; recovery; resource; use; strategy; demographic; Response; bharal; Pseudois; pseudois nayaur; Pseudois-nayaur; nayaur; livestock; grazing; Report; decline; wild; populations; population; Himalayan; region; Competition; threats; threat; uncia; Uncia uncia; Uncia-uncia; study; diet; winter; Test; browse; nutrition; areas; area; young; Female; times; High; Adult; mortality; species; predators; predator; endangered; trans-himalaya; transhimalaya |
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Abstract |
Decline of wild prey populations in the Himalayan region, largely due to competition with livestock, has been identified as one of the main threats to the snow leopard Uncia uncia. Studies show that bharal Pseudois nayaur diet is dominated by graminoids during summer, but the proportion of graminoids declines in winter. We explore the causes for the decline of graminoids from bharal winter diet and resulting implications for bharal conservation. We test the predictions generated by two alternative hypotheses, (H1) low graminoid availability caused by livestock grazing during winter causes bharal to include browse in their diet, and, (H2) bharal include browse, with relatively higher nutrition, to compensate for the poor quality of graminoids during winter. Graminoid availability was highest in areas without livestock grazing, followed by areas with moderate and intense livestock grazing. Graminoid quality in winter was relatively lower than that of browse, but the difference was not statistically significant. Bharal diet was dominated by graminoids in areas with highest graminoid availability. Graminoid contribution to bharal diet declined monotonically with a decline in graminoid availability. Bharal young to female ratio was three times higher in areas with high graminoid availability than areas with low graminoid availability. No starvation-related adult mortalities were observed in any of the areas. Composition of bharal winter diet was governed predominantly by the availability of graminoids in the rangelands. Since livestock grazing reduces graminoid availability, creation of livestock free areas is necessary for conservation of grazing species such as the bharal and its predators such as the endangered snow leopard in the Trans-Himalaya. |
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Project funded by Snow Leopard Network's Snow Leopard Conservation Grant Program, 2008. Nature Conservation Foundation, Mysore. Post-graduate Program in Wildlife Biology and Conservation, National Centre for Biological Sciences, Wildlife Conservation Society -India program, Bangalore, India. |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 1077 |
Serial |
952 |
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Author |
Taber, R.D. |
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Title |
Toward a Free-Living Snow Leopard Recovery Plan |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
1988 |
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261 |
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snow-leopard-recovery-plan; recovery; conservation; Islt; Species-survial-plan; management; browse; 4240 |
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ISLT and Wildlife Institute of India |
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Usa |
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H.Freeman |
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Full Text Available at URLAuthor Affiliation: ISLTTitle, Monographic: Proceedings of the Fifth International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: Srinagar, IndiaDate of Copyright: 1988 |
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no |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 412 |
Serial |
956 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Taryannikov V.I. |
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Title |
Distribution, biology, and current population status of rare predatory mammals in the Western Hissar |
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Miscellaneous |
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1986 |
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107-109 |
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Uzbekistan; Western Hissar ridge; distribution; number; diet; rare species; decline; poaching; Lynx; otter; ibex; snow leopard.; 8380; Russian |
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Described are distribution, biotopical distribution, food, and some biological features of Uncia uncia, Felis lynx, Lutra lutra. New finds of Lutra lutra were observed at the Kashkadarya river. All the species' populations were counted and the reasons for their decrease given. In the author's opinion, number of snow leopard is decreasing as number of Siberian ibex is decreasing too and snow leopard is being poached for. There are 10-12 snow leopards on the slopes of the Hissar ridge. |
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Full text available in Russian |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 816 |
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957 |
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Author |
Tsherbakov B.V. |
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Title |
About rare and endangered mammal species in the East Kazakhstan region |
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Miscellaneous |
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1982 |
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203-204 |
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Kazakhstan; Eastern Kazakhstan province; distribution; number; rare species; snow leopard.; 8400; Russian |
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Given is data concerning numbers and distribution of yellow lemming on the Korjun cape and in the Karakas tract; dhole in the tundra zoneof the Azu-Tau ridge (South Alati) between Matabay and Urunkhaikoy, in the Salkanchok mountains; concering an encounter with snow leopard (March 25, 1981) in the upper river Bukhtarma near eastern extremity of the South Altai ridge, and argali in the mountain group Kalby-Baicha, the Taldy, Koktau, Monraka mountains (an area between Kusty and Kizil-Gain), near summit Shorbas. |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Fauna of Kazakhstan and its conservation problems. |
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SLN @ rana @ 818 |
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972 |
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Tursunov Kh. |
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The Ugam-Chatkal national park. The Chatkal state biosphere nature reserve |
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Miscellaneous |
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2003 |
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7-10 |
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Uzbekistan; Ugam Chatkal national park; Chatkal nature reserve; flora; fauna; endangered species; snow leopard.; 8430; Russian |
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Established in 1990, the Ugam-Chatkal national park occupies an area of 668,350 ha and is the largest protected natural area in Uzbekistan. This area is famous for its rich species diversity. A number of rare and endangered plant and animal species, including among the others snow leopard, is found here. Being a core zone (strictly protected natural area), the Chatkal nature reserve is an integral part of the park. Snow leopard is periodically observed in the Tereksay river valley in the Maidantal area. |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Ecologic problems of the West Tien Shan. |
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no |
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SLN @ rana @ 820 |
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976 |
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ud Din, J. |
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Assessing the Status of Snow Leopard in Torkhow Valley, District Chitral, Pakistan: Final Technical Report |
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2008 |
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1-16 |
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status; snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard; valley; chitral; Pakistan; Report; study; prey; Base; conflict; threats; threat; wildlife; sign; transect; surveys; survey; Slims; Data; number; snow leopards; snow-leopards; leopards; Animals; Animal; population; livestock; livestock depredation; livestock-depredation; depredation; area; Case; ungulates; ungulate; Himalayan; himalayan ibex; ibex; rut; using; prey species; prey-species; species; marmot; game; birds; carnivores; carnivore; wolf; wolves; jackal; fox; survival; retaliatory; retaliatory killing; retaliatory-killing; killing; poisoning; poaching; loss; habitat; habitat degradation; habitat-degradation; degradation; grazing; collection; awareness; Gis; map; staff; field; training; conservation; community; distribution; resource; project; network; program |
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This study was aimed at assessing the status of Snow leopard, its major prey base, and the extent of human-Snow leopard conflict and major threats to the wildlife in north Chitral (Torkhow valley) Pakistan. Snow leopard occurrence was conformed through sign transect surveys i.e. SLIMS. Based on the data collected the number of Snow leopards in this survey block (1022 Kmý) is estimated to be 2-3 animals. Comparing this estimate with the available data from other parts of the district the population of snow leopard in Chitral district was count to be 36 animals. Livestock depredation reports collected from the area reflect the existence of human-snow leopard conflict and 138 cases were recorded affecting 102 families (in a period of eight years, 2001-2008). Ungulates (Himalayan Ibex) rut season surveys were conducted in coordination with NWFP Wildlife department. A total of 429 animals were counted using direct count (point method) surveys. Other snow leopard prey species recorded include marmot, hare, and game birds. Signs of other carnivores i.e. wolf, jackal, and fox were also noticed. Major threats to the survival of wildlife especially snow leopard reckoned include retaliatory killing (Shooting, Poisoning), poaching, loss of natural prey, habitat degradation (over grazing, fodder and fuel wood collection), lack of awareness, and over population. GIS map of the study area was developed highlighting the area searched for Snow leopard and its prey species. Capacity of the Wildlife Department staff was built in conducting SLIMS and ungulate surveys through class room and on field training. Awareness regarding the importance of wildlife conservation was highlighted to the students, teachers and general community through lectures and distribution of resource materials developed by WWF-Pakistan. |
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Project funded by Snow Leopard Network's Snow Leopard Conservation Grant Program. |
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SLN @ rana @ 1065 |
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978 |
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Vashetko, E.; Esipov A.; Bykova, E.; Kreuzberg, E. |
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Snow Leopard Bibliography. Central Asia (Abstracts) |
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Manuscript |
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2005 |
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Volume ![sorted by Volume (numeric) field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
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analysis; asia; bibliography; central; Central Asia; conservation; ecology; International; International-Snow-Leopard-Trust; international snow leopard trust; Islt; leopard; project; region; Russian; snow; snow-leopard; snow leopard; species; trust; work |
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Bibliography of the Snow Leopard included publications on the studying various questions of ecology and conservation of the Snow Leopard in Central Asia (305) for the period 1873 to 2004. The most important works on this species in the region, as well as results of the analysis of timing of publications was described. |
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English version. Also available in Russian in the SLN bibliography. Project supported by International Snow Leopard Trust (ISLT), was carried out in 2004-2005. |
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SLN @ rana @ 1061 |
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983 |
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Vereschagin N.K., S.T.B. |
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Rare mammals in the USSR: protection challenges |
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1976 |
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3-9 |
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Ussr; mammals; game species; non-game species; rare species; vanishing species; IUCN Red Data Book; snow leopard.; 8480; Russian |
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A group of rare and endangered species was segregated within the game and non-game mammals of the USSR. Some species in the group were formerly referred to game species. But due to over-hunting and the absence of measures aimed at their reproduction the population dropped sharply. Mammal fauna of the USSR includes more than 80 species that require special protection. The Red list of IUCN includes, among the others, white bear, Transcaucasian sub-species of brown bear, Amur and Turan tigers, snow leopard, Caucasian and Amur leopards, caracal, cheetah, Tien-Shan and Ussuri sub-species of dhole, Atlantic walrus, island seal, kulan, Bukhara red deer, New Land reindeer, goitered gazelle, Menzbier's marmot. |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Rare mammals of USSR fauna. |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 825 |
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985 |
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Author |
Voronov A.G. |
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Predatory mammals |
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1985 |
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Volume ![sorted by Volume (numeric) field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
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233-235 |
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predators; mountains; endangered species; Red Data bok; snow leopard.; 8540; Russian |
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Predatory mammal in mountains are submitted by widely widespread species, such, as wolves, to a lynx and bears, and characteristic species for the high mountains, well adapted to mountain conditions and not going down below Alpine zone (a snow leopard, or irbis, occupying mountains of the Central Asia, etc.). |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Biogeography of the world. |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 831 |
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994 |
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Author |
Wharton, D.; Freeman, H. |
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Title |
The Snow Leopard in North America: Captive Breeding Under the Species Survival PLan |
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1988 |
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Volume ![sorted by Volume (numeric) field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
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131-136 |
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Species-Survival-Plan; captivity; breeding; genetics; zoos; studs; captive; browse; species; survival; plan; 1720 |
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International Snow Leoaprd Trust and WIldlife Institute of India |
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India |
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H.Freeman |
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Full Text at URLTitle, Monographic: Fifth International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: Srinagar, IndiaDate of Copyright: 1988 |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 134 |
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1016 |
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Author |
Yanushevich A.I. |
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Status of hunting industry in Kyrgyzstan |
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1969 |
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Part. II. |
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110-113 |
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Kyrgyzstan; game species; fur-trade; snow leopard.; 8600; Russian |
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In Kyrgyz SSR, there are 26 fur animal species, including three acclimatized, six wild ungulate and 70 bird species. They all can serve as objects of commercial and sport hunting. 56 snow leopards, 120 wild boars, 96 roe-deers, 121 ibexes, and 14 argalis were caught 1962 1967. A majority of the animals were exported from the country. The Kyrgyz SSR is one of the main suppliers of snow leopards, hunting for which for the sake of its fur-skin is prohibited. |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Proceedings of conference “Capacity and production of game preserves in the USSR”. |
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SLN @ rana @ 837 |
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1053 |
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Author |
Ying-xiang, W. |
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A complete checklist of mammal species and subspecies in China, a taxonomic and geographic reference |
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Miscellaneous |
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2003 |
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5610; species; China; taxonomic |
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China Forestry Publishing House |
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Beijing |
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1059 |
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