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Author Ali, S.M. url 
  Title The Cats of India Type Journal Article
  Year 1990 Publication Myforest Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume (up) 26 Issue 3 Pages 275-291  
  Keywords lion; clouded-leopard; cheetah; tiger; leopard; snow-leopard; India; Panthera-leo; Neofelis-nebylosa; Acinonyx-jubatus; Panthera-tigris; Panthera-pardus; Panthera-uncia; behavior; ecology; snow leopard; browse; panthera; uncia; pardus; clouded; leo; neofelis; nebylosa; ancinonyx; jubatus; 820  
  Abstract Describes the range, behaviour and ecology of lion Panthera leo, tiger P. tigris, leopard P. pardus, snow leopard P. uncia, clouded leopard Neofelis nebylosa and cheetah Acinonyx jubatus. -P.J.Jarvis  
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  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 144 Serial 59  
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Author Clyde, V.L.; Ramsay, E.C.; Bemis, D.A. url 
  Title Fecal shedding of Salmonella in exotic felids Type Journal Article
  Year 1997 Publication J.Zoo Wildl.Med Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume (up) 28 Issue 2 Pages 148-152  
  Keywords antibiotics; captive-animal-care; diarrhea; endangered; threatened-species; handling-methods; mammals parasites; Diseases; salmonella; zoos; snow-leopard; leopard; salmonellosis; husbandry; captive; Animal; care; threatened; species; handling; mammals; parasites; snow; browse; 1320  
  Abstract The authors discuss the occurrence of salmonellosis in collections of exotic felids. Data suggest that zoo employees having contact with cat feces or raw diets have a high rate of occupational exposure to Salmonella and should exercise appropriate hygienic precautions. pcp  
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  Notes Milwaukee Cty. Zoo, Milwaukee, WI 53226 Document Type: English Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 304 Serial 227  
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Author Reading, R.P.; Amgalanbaatar, S.; Mix, H.; Lhagvasuren, B. url 
  Title Argali Ovis ammon surveys in Mongolia's South Gobi Type Journal Article
  Year 1997 Publication Oryx Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume (up) 31 Issue 4 Pages 285-294  
  Keywords Mongolia; argali; gobi; livestock; population; status; 5220  
  Abstract Claims poaching and competition with domestic livestock are threatening the argali's survival in Mongolia. The author's conducted aerial and ground surveys in the South Gobi and estimated a populaton size of approximately 3,900 argali.  
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  Notes Full text available at URL. Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 507 Serial 811  
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Author Sundberg, J.P.; Van Ranst, M.; Montali, R.; Homer, B.L.; Miller, W.H.; Rowland, P.H.; Scott, D.W.; England, J.J.; Dunstan, R.W.; Mikaelian, I.; Jenson, A.B. url 
  Title Feline papillomas and papillomaviruses Type Journal Article
  Year 2000 Publication Vet Pathol Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume (up) 37 Issue 1 Pages 1-10  
  Keywords Animal; Antibodies; Monoclonal; Carnivora; pathology; virology; Cats; Dna; Viral; chemistry; Epitope; Mapping; veterinary; Female; Immunohistochemistry; Lions; Male; Microscopy; Electron; Papilloma; Papillomavirus; Papovaviridae; Infections; skin; neoplasms; Tongue; browse; 120  
  Abstract Papillomaviruses (PVs) are highly species- and site-specific pathogens of stratified squamous epithelium. Although PV infections in the various Felidae are rarely reported, we identified productive infections in six cat species. PV-induced proliferative skin or mucous membrane lesions were confirmed by immunohistochemical screening for papillomavirus-specific capsid antigens. Seven monoclonal antibodies, each of which reacts with an immunodominant antigenic determinant of the bovine papillomavirus L1 gene product, revealed that feline PV capsid epitopes were conserved to various degrees. This battery of monoclonal antibodies established differential expression patterns among cutaneous and oral PVs of snow leopards and domestic cats, suggesting that they represent distinct viruses. Clinically, the lesions in all species and anatomic sites were locally extensive and frequently multiple. Histologically, the areas of epidermal hyperplasia were flat with a similarity to benign tumors induced by cutaneotropic, carcinogenic PVs in immunosuppressed human patients. Limited restriction endonuclease analyses of viral genomic DNA confirmed the variability among three viral genomes recovered from available frozen tissue. Because most previous PV isolates have been species specific, these studies suggest that at least eight different cat papillomaviruses infect the oral cavity (tentative designations: Asian lion, Panthera leo, P1PV; snow leopard, Panthera uncia, PuPV-1; bobcat, Felis rufus, FrPV; Florida panther, Felis concolor, FcPV; clouded leopard, Neofelis nebulosa, NnPV; and domestic cat, Felis domesticus, FdPV-2) or skin (domestic cat, F. domesticus, FdPV-1; and snow leopard, P. uncia, PuPV-2).  
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  ISSN 0300-9858 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes Document Type: eng Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 385 Serial 948  
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Author Egorov O.V. url 
  Title Enemies, infections, parasites and mortality rate of ibex Type Miscellaneous
  Year 1955 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume (up) Vol. 42. Issue Pages 37-50  
  Keywords Ussr; ungulates; predators; snow leopard.; 6520; Russian  
  Abstract Reasons for ibex and argali mortality from natural enemies, parasites, infections, accidents, and hunters are analyzed. Snow leopard is one of the most dangerous enemies of ibex and argali, preying equally on both young and mature animals (mostly males). Snow leopard feeds upon ibex all year round. Unlike wolf, snow leopard would never kill several animals at a time, but only one selected victim. The food remains left by these predators are different in terms of the skull gnawing. Nasal bones and eye-sockets on the skull of ibex killed by snow leopard remain undamaged, while wolf gnaws off nasal part of the skull, breaks eye-sockets, eats lower jaw, widens occipital hole and pulls out brains. Snow leopard leaves large pieces of skin around the skeleton of the victim, whereas wolf tears it to shreds or eats up fully. Sometimes parts of the victim left by snow leopard are eaten by wolf. It is easy to mix the remains of snow leopard's or griffon vulture's food. The remains differ in skin being turned inside out rather than torn to large pieces.  
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  Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Proceedings of ZIN of the Academy of Science of the USSR. Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 630 Serial 251  
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Author Williams, N. url 
  Title 2008 International Conference on Range-wide Conservation Planning for Snow Leopards: Saving the Species Across its Range Type Journal Article
  Year 2008 Publication Cat News Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume (up) 48 Issue Pages 33-34  
  Keywords Panthera, conference,Beijing, China, 2008, planning, Wildlife Conservation Society, Snow Leopard Trust, Snow Leopard Network, Chinese Institute of Zoology  
  Abstract Over 100 snow leopard experts, enthusiasts, and government officials gathered in the outskirts of Beijing, China from March 7–11, 2008 for the firstever International Conference on Range-wide Conservation Planning for Snow Leopards. Conference organizers included Panthera, Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS), Snow Leopard Trust (SLT), Snow Leopard Network (SLN), and the Chinese Institute of Zoology.  
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  Call Number SLN @ rana @ Serial 1344  
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Author Brown, J.L.; Wasser, S.K.; Wildt, D.E.; Graham, L.H. url 
  Title Steroid Metabolism and the Effectiveness of Fecal Assays for Assessing Reproductive Status in Felids Type Journal Article
  Year 1994 Publication Biology of Reproduction Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume (up) 50 Issue suppl 1 Pages 185  
  Keywords fecal-analysis; breeding; reproduction; medicine; medical; zoo; zoos; veterinary; snow-leopard; snow leopard; browse; fecal; analysis; 1420  
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  Notes Twenty-seventh Annual Meeting of the Society for the Study of Reproduction, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA, July 24-27, 1994 Call Number: QP251 .B56 Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 203 Serial 197  
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Author Ming, M.; Yun, G.; Bo, W.   
  Title Man & the Biosphere: The special series for the conservation of Snow Leopards in China Type Journal
  Year 2008 Publication Man & the Biosphere Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume (up) 54 Issue 6 Pages 1-80  
  Keywords conservation; snow; snow leopards; snow leopard; snow-leopards; snow-leopard; leopards; leopard; China; Chinese; national; 80; 200; endangered; McCarthy; awareness; action; surveys; survey; Tomur; mountain; Kunlun; mountains; Xinjiang; ecology; enterprises; Mongolia; Bayarjargal; 180; flagship-species; species; ecosystems; ecosystem; photography; Tianshan Mountains; attack; livestock; home; plateau; 30; snow-leopard-enterprises; 7080  
  Abstract The Chinese magazine <Man & the Biosphere> (Series No. 54, No. 6, 2008) -- A special series for the conservation of Snow Leopards was published by the Chinese National Committee for Man & the Biosphere in 15th December 2008. It is about 80 pages including ten articles with 200 color pictures. The special editors of this issue are the experts from SLT/XCF Prof. MaMing, Mrs. Ge Yun and Mr. Wen Bo. The first paper is “A King of Snow Peaks, Another Endangered Flagship Species” by Dr. Thomas McCarthy, Dr. Urs Breitenmmoser and Dr. Christine Breitenmoser-Wursten (Page 1-1). Another paper “ Conservation : Turning Awareness to Action ” is also from Dr. Thomas McCarthy (Pages from 6-17). There are four articles including the diary and story of the Surveys in Tomur Mountain and Kunlun Mountains written by Prof. MaMing, Mr. XuFeng, Miss Chen Ying and Miss Cheng Yun from the Xinjiang Snow Leopard Group and XCF, the Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences. The last is “Snow Leopard Enterprises ” -- A Story from Mongolia by Mrs. Jennifer Snell Rullman and Mrs. Agvaantseren Bayarjargal (Bayara). It is a very useful copy for the conservation in China. Cited as:

Ma Ming, GeYun and WenBo (Special editors of this issue). 2008. The special series for the conservation of Snow Leopards in China. Man & the Biosphere 2008(6): 1-80. Contents 1, A king of snow peaks, another endangered flagship species (Synopsis) ------------- 1-1 The contents --------------------------------------------- ( pages from 2-3 )

2, Protecting Snow Leopard means protecting a healthy eco-systems -------------- 4-5

3, Conservation: Turning awareness into action -------------- 6-17

4, Chinese Snow Leopard Team goes into action -------------- 18-25

5, A diary of infrared photography -------------- 26-35

6, Why have the snow leopards in the Tianshan Mountains begun to attack livestock? --- 36-43

7, The mystery of the Snow Leopards coming down the Tianshan Mountains ----------- 44-45

8, Snow leopards secluded Home on the Plateau ------------- 46-59

9, He saw Snow Leopards 30 years ago ------------- 60-69

10, Snow Leopard Enterprises -- A story from Mongolia ------------- 70-80		  
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  Notes Articles are posted individually in the bibliography. Please look up articles by author. In Chinese. Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 977 Serial 684  
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Author Mishra, C.; Van Wieren S.; Ketner, P.; Heitkonig, I.; Prins H. url 
  Title Competition between domestic livestock and wild bharal Pseudois nayaur in the Indian Trans-Himalaya Type Journal Article
  Year 2004 Publication Journal of Animal Ecology Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume (up) 73 Issue Pages 344-354  
  Keywords blue sheep,diet,grazing,rangeland,resource,ungulate,wildlife; 5320  
  Abstract 1. The issue of competition between livestock and wild herbivores has remained contentious. We studied the diets and population structures of the mountain ungulate bharal Pseudois nayaur and seven species of livestock to evaluate whether or not they compete for forage. The study was conducted in the high altitude Spiti Valley, Indian Trans-Himalaya.

2. We compared resource (forage) availability and bharal population structures between rangelands differing in livestock density. Forage availability was estimated by clipping the standing graminoid biomass in sample plots. Livestock and bharal population structures were quantified through annual censuses. Seasonal diets of livestock were studied by direct observations, while those of bharal were quantified through feeding

signs on vegetation.

3. We found that livestock grazing causes a significant reduction in the standing crop of forage. Graminoid availability per unit livestock biomass was three times greater in a moderately grazed rangeland compared with an intensively grazed one.

4. There was considerable diet overlap among the herbivore species. In summer, bharal, yak Bos grunniens, horse Equus caballus, cow Bos indicus, and dzomo (yak-cow hybrids) fed predominantly on graminoids, while donkey E. asinus, sheep Ovis aries, and goat Capra hircus, consumed both graminoids and herbs. The summer diet of bharal was a subset of the diets of three livestock species. In winter, depleted graminoid availability caused bharal, yak and horse to consume relatively more herbs, while the remaining livestock species fed predominantly on graminoids. Diet overlap was less in winter but, in both seasons, all important forage species in the bharal diet were consumed

in substantial amounts by one or more species of livestock.

5. Comparison of the population structures of bharal between two rangelands differing in livestock density by

c. 30% yielded evidence of resource competition. In the intensively grazed rangeland, bharal density was 63% lower, and bharal population showed poorer performance (lower young : adult female ratios).

6.Synthesis and applications High diet overlap between livestock and bharal, together with density-dependent forage limitation, results in resource competition and a decline in bharal density. Under the present conditions of high livestock density and supplemental feeding, restricting livestock numbers and creating livestockfree areas are necessary measures for conserving Trans-Himalayan wild herbivores. Mediating competitive effects on bharal through supplemental feeding is not a feasible option.		  
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  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 517 Serial 695  
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Author Olaf, R.P.; Edmonds, B.; Gittleman, J.; Purvis, A. url 
  Title Building large trees by combining phylogenetic information: a complete phylogeny of the extant Carnivora (Mammalia) Type Journal Article
  Year 1999 Publication Biological Reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume (up) 74 Issue Pages 143-175  
  Keywords Carnivora; character-congruence; taxonomic-congruence; supertree; matrix-representation; parsimony; divergence-times; fossil-dates; molecular-clock; macroevolution; taxonomy; Evolution; browse; character; congruence; taxonomic; matrix; representation; divergence; times; fossil; dates; Molecular; clock; 1220  
  Abstract One way to build larger, more comprehensive phylogenies is to combine the vast amount of phylogenetic information already available. We review the two main strategies for accomplishing this (combining raw data versus combining trees), but employ a relatively new variant of the latter: supertree construction. The utility of one supertree technique, matrix representation using parsimony analysis (MRP), is demonstrated by deriving a complete phylogeny for all 271 extant species of the Carnivora from 177 literature sources. Beyond providing a `consensus' estimate of carnivore phylogeny, the tree also indicates taxa for which the relationships remain controversial (e.g. the red panda; within canids, felids, and hyaenids) or have not been studied in any great detail (e.g. herpestids, viverrids, and intrageneric relationships in the procyonids). Times of divergence throughout the tree were also estimated from 74 literature sources based on both fossil and molecular data. We use the phylogeny to show that some lineages within the Mustelinae and Canidae contain significantly more species than expected for their age, illustrating the tree's utility for studies of macroevolution. It will also provide a useful foundation for comparative and conservational studies involving the carnivores.

(Received June 2 1998)(Revised November 27 1998)(Accepted December 16 1998)		  
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  Notes Copyright c Cambridge Philosophical Society 1999 Document Type: English Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 371 Serial 739  
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