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Author |
Yanfa, L. |
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Title |
Snow leopard distribution, purchase locations and conservation in Qinghai Province, China |
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Conference Article |
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1994 |
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65-72 |
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Keywords |
conservation; Qinghai; China; scat; spray; kills; interviews; hunting; hunters; tracks; tracking; habitat; distribution; prey; livestock; blue-sheep; behavior; collection; blue; sheep; browse; 3400 |
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Islt |
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Usa |
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J.L.Fox; D.Jizeng |
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Full Text at URLTitle, Monographic: Seventh International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: ChinaDate of Copyright: 1994 |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 260 |
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1047 |
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Author |
Schaller, G. |
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Title |
Survey of Mountain Wildlife in Xinjiang, Report # 7 |
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Miscellaneous |
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1988 |
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Xinjiang; Arjin; shan; Kunlun; Taxkorgan; reserve; park; protected-area; China; antelope; wild-ass; argali; blue-sheep; gazzele; wolf; browse; 4290 |
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Full Text at URL |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 392 |
Serial |
855 |
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Author |
Yongsheng, L. |
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Title |
International hunting and the involvement of local people in Dulan, Qinghai, China |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
1994 |
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Volume ![sorted by Volume (numeric) field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
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305-314 |
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Keywords |
Qinghai; China; hunting; ungulates; blue-sheep; herders; herder; local; blue; sheep; browse; 3440 |
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Islt |
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Usa |
Editor |
J.L.Fox; D.Jizeng |
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Full Text at URLTitle, Monographic: Seventh International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: ChinaDate of Copyright: 1994 |
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no |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 262 |
Serial |
1061 |
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Author |
Suryawanshi, K., K. |
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Title |
Sunshine and the Shadow |
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Magazine Article |
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2011 |
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Hornbill |
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Volume ![sorted by Volume (numeric) field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
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April-June |
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34-37 |
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Keywords |
Spiti, Himachal Pradesh, India, snow leopard, sighting, observation, blue sheep, Pseudois nayaur |
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Abstract |
Kulbhushansingh Suryawanshi shares an update on his blog which describes snow leopard sightings in Spiti, Himachal Pradesh, while studying the foraging behavior and eating habits of blue sheep (Pseudois nayaur). |
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English |
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SLN @ rana @ |
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1360 |
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Author |
Ale, S., Shrestha, B., and Jackson, R. |
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Title |
On the status of Snow Leopard Panthera Uncia (Schreber 1775) in Annapurna, Nepal |
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Journal Article |
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2014 |
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Journal of Threatened Taxa |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume ![sorted by Volume (numeric) field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
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6(3) |
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5534-5543 |
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Keywords |
Annapurna, Blue Sheep, Buddhism, camera-trapping, Himalayas, Mustang, sign-survey, Snow Leopard. |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rakhee @ |
Serial |
1407 |
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Author |
Kohli, K., Sankaran, M., Suryawanshi, K. R., Mishra, C |
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Title |
A penny saved is a penny earned: lean season foraging strategy of an alpine ungulate |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2014 |
Publication |
Animal Behaviour |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume ![sorted by Volume (numeric) field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
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Issue |
92 |
Pages |
93-100 |
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Keywords |
blue sheep, grazing, herbivore, mountain ungulate, optimal foraging, Pseudois nayaur, trans-Himalaya |
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Abstract |
Lean season foraging strategies are critical for the survival of species inhabiting highly seasonal environments
such as alpine regions. However, inferring foraging strategies is often difficult because of
challenges associated with empirically estimating energetic costs and gains of foraging in the field. We
generated qualitative predictions for the relationship between daily winter foraging time, body size and
forage availability for three contrasting foraging strategies including time minimization, energy intake
maximization and net energy maximization. Our model predicts that for animals employing a time
minimization strategy, daily winter foraging time should not change with body size and should increase
with a reduction in forage availability. For energy intake maximization, foraging time should not vary
with either body size or forage availability. In contrast, for a net energy maximization strategy, foraging
time should decrease with increase in body size and with a reduction in forage availability. We contrasted
proportion of daily time spent foraging by bharal, Pseudois nayaur, a dimorphic grazer, across
different body size classes in two high-altitude sites differing in forage availability. Our results indicate
that bharal behave as net energy maximizers during winter. As predicted by the net energy maximization
strategy, daily winter foraging time of bharal declined with increasing body size, and was lower in the
site with low forage availability. Furthermore, as predicted by our model, foraging time declined as the
winter season progressed. We did not find support for the time minimizing or energy intake maximizing
strategies. Our qualitative model uses relative rather than absolute costs and gains of foraging which are
often difficult to estimate in the field. It thus offers a simple way to make informed inferences regarding
animal foraging strategies by contrasting estimates of daily foraging time across gradients of body size
and forage availability. |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rakhee @ |
Serial |
1409 |
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Author |
Ghoshal, A., Bhatnagar, Y. V., Pandav, B., Sharma, K., Mshra, C. |
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Title |
Assessing changes in distribution of the Endangered snow leopard Panthera uncia and its wild prey over 2 decades in the Indian Himalaya through interviewbased occupancy surveys |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Oryx |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume ![sorted by Volume (numeric) field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
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1-13 |
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Keywords |
Asiatic ibex, blue sheep, carnivore, occupancy, snow leopard, survey, threat, ungulate |
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Abstract |
Understanding species distributions, patterns of
change and threats can form the basis for assessing the conservation
status of elusive species that are difficult to survey.
The snow leopard Panthera uncia is the top predator of the
Central and South Asian mountains. Knowledge of the distribution
and status of this elusive felid and its wild prey is
limited. Using recall-based key-informant interviews we estimated
site use by snow leopards and their primary wild
prey, blue sheep Pseudois nayaur and Asiatic ibex Capra
sibirica, across two time periods (past: �; recent:
�) in the state of Himachal Pradesh, India. We
also conducted a threat assessment for the recent period.
Probability of site use was similar across the two time periods
for snow leopards, blue sheep and ibex, whereas for wild
prey (blue sheep and ibex combined) overall there was an
% contraction. Although our surveys were conducted in
areas within the presumed distribution range of the snow
leopard, we found snow leopards were using only % of
the area (, km). Blue sheep and ibex had distinct distribution
ranges. Snow leopards and their wild prey were not
restricted to protected areas, which encompassed only %
of their distribution within the study area. Migratory livestock
grazing was pervasive across ibex distribution range
and was the most widespread and serious conservation
threat. Depredation by free-ranging dogs, and illegal hunting
and wildlife trade were the other severe threats. Our
results underscore the importance of community-based, landscape-
scale conservation approaches and caution against reliance
on geophysical and opinion-based distribution maps that have been used to estimate national and global snow leopard ranges. |
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no |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rakhee @ |
Serial |
1463 |
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Author |
Hanson, J. H., Schutgens, M., Lama, R.P., Aryal, A., Dhakal, M. |
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Title |
Local attitudes to the proposed translocation of blue sheep Pseudois nayaur to Sagarmatha National Park, Nepal |
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Journal Article |
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2018 |
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Fauna & Flora International |
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Volume ![sorted by Volume (numeric) field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
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1-7 |
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Keywords |
Attitudes, blue sheep, human&wildlife conflict, Panthera uncia, Pseudois nayaur, Sagarmatha National Park, snow leopard, translocation |
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Abstract |
Translocations are an important tool for the conservation
of biodiversity, but although ecological feasibility
studies are frequently conducted prior to implementation,
social feasibility studies that consider how local communities
perceive such projects are less common. The translocation
of blue sheep Pseudois nayaur to Sagarmatha National
Park, Nepal, has been proposed, to reduce livestock depredation
by snow leopards Panthera uncia by providing an alternative
prey base in addition to the small population of
Himalayan thar Hemitragus jemlahicus. This study used
systematic sampling, a quantitative questionnaire and qualitative
interviews within the Park to provide data on the social
viability of the proposed translocation. Quantitative
analysis revealed moderate levels of support but qualitative
analysis suggested that there are significant concerns about
the proposal. In addition,multiple regression analysis found
that women and livestock owners were significantly less
supportive, although the model had low explanatory
power. Potential crop damage and competition for forage
were frequently cited as concerns, especially amongst
those with a high level of dependence on natural resources.
Given the mixed response to the proposed translocation of
blue sheep to the Everest region, alleviating the reservations
of local residents is likely to be key to any further consultation,
planning or implementation. |
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SLN @ rakhee @ |
Serial |
1475 |
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Author |
Thapa, K., Schmitt, N., Pradhan, N. M. B., Acharya, H. R., Rayamajhi, S. |
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Title |
No silver bullet? Snow leopard prey selection in Mt. Kangchenjunga, Nepal |
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Journal Article |
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2021 |
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Ecology and Evolution |
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Volume ![sorted by Volume (numeric) field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
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1-13 |
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Keywords |
blue sheep, common leopard, fecal, genetic analysis, snow leopard, wolf, yak |
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Abstract |
In this study, we investigated the impact of domestic and wild prey availability on snow leopard prey preference in the Kangchenjunga Conservation Area of eastern Nepal-a region where small domestic livestock are absent and small wild ungulate prey are present. We took a comprehensive approach that combined fecal genetic sampling, macro- and microscopic analyses of snow leopard diets, and direct observation of blue sheep and livestock in the KCA. Out of the collected 88 putative snow leopard scat samples from 140 transects (290km) in 27 (4x4km2) sampling grid cells, 73 (83%) were confirmed to be from snow leopard. The genetic analysis accounted for 19 individual snow leopards (10 males and 9 females), with a mean population size estimate of 24 (95% CI: 19-29) and an average density of 3.9 snow leopards/100km2 within 609km2. The total available prey biomass of blue sheep and yak was estimated at 355,236 kg (505 kg yak/km2 and 78kg blue sheep/km2). From the available prey biomass, we estimated snow leopards consumed 7% annually, which comprised wild prey (49%), domestic livestock (45%). and 6% unidentified items. the estimated 47,736 kg blue sheep biomass gives a snow leopard-to-blue sheep ratio of 1:59 on a weight basis. The high preference of snow leopard to domestic livestock appears to be influenced by a much smaller available biomass of wild prey then in other regions of Nepal (e.g., 78kg/km2 in the KCA compared with a range of 200-300 kg/km2 in other regions of Nepal?. Along with livestock insurance scheme improvement, there needs to be a focus on improved livestock guarding, predator-proof corrals as well as engaging and educating local people to be citizen scientists on the importance of snow leopard conservation, involving them in long-term monitoring programs and promotion of ecotourism. |
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1665 |
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Thapa, K., Jackson, R., Gurung, L, Acharya, H. B., Gurung, R. K., |
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Applying the double observer methodology for assessing blue sheep population size in Nar Phu valley, Annapurna Conservation Area, Nepal |
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2021 |
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Wildlife Biology |
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Volume ![sorted by Volume (numeric) field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
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1-11 |
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blue sheep, density estimation, double observer counts, Nepal, Panthera uncia, prey abundance, Pseudois nayaur, snow leopard, viewshed mapping |
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This study was undertaken in spring, 2019 to assess the applicability of the double-observer survey method for estimating blue sheep Pseudois nayaur abundance in Nar-Phu valley of Manang District located in Annapurna Conservation Area of northern Nepal. Since counting large mammals in rugged mountain habitat poses a special challenge, we tested the efficacy of the double observer method for generating robust population estimates for this important protected area. The overall detection probability for observers (O1 and O2) was 0.94 and 0.91 for a total of 106 groups comprised of 2059 individual blue sheep. We estimated the area’s blue sheep population at 2070 (SE ± 168.77; 95% CI 2059–2405) for the 246.2 km2 of sampled habitat. We determined blue sheep to be widely distributed within the study area with a mean density of 8.4 individuals per km2 based on a total study area of 246.2 km2. We discuss demographic population structure and identify limitations when applying the double observer approach, along with recommending viewshed mapping for ensuring more robust density estimates of mountain-dwelling ungulates like blue sheep or ibex that inhabit extremely heterogeneous terrain which strongly influences sighting distances and overall animal detection rates. |
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1666 |
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