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Author | Ahmad, S., Rehman, E. U., Ali, H., Din, N., Haider, J., Din, J. U., Nawaz, M. A. | ||||
Title | Density Pattern of Flare-Horned Markhor (Capra falconeri) in Northern Pakistan | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2022 | Publication | Sustainability | Abbreviated Journal | |
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14 | Issue | 9567 | Pages | 1-13 |
Keywords | markhor; Capra falconeri; Gilgit-Baltistan; Karakoram; population; double-observer; CGNP | ||||
Abstract | Wild ungulates play vital roles in maintaining a balanced ecosystem through herbivory and are also an important determinant of carnivores’ density. The flare-horned markhor (Capra falconeri) is a threatened wild goat distributed across the mountain ranges of Pakistan, India, Afghanistan, Russia, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Tajikistan. The remote terrain and fragmented population limit our understanding of the population ecology of markhor, though knowledge of the target species population is vital for making informed management decisions. Therefore, the current study was designed to determine the markhor population across their range in Northern Pakistan and to evaluate the efforts made by the government and non-government organizations for the conservation of markhor. Double-observer surveys were conducted during 2019–2021 in nine major watersheds of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Gilgit-Baltistan covering an area of 4664 km2. Secondary data were collected for unassessed areas to gain a holistic overview of the markhor population and density in the region. Results revealed a markhor population of 7579, with a density of 0.30 animals per km2 in Northern Pakistan. Our analysis of the double-observer data through the Bayesian behavioral capture–recapture model estimated a population of 5993 individuals (95% CI) of markhor across nine study sites, with a density of 1.28 animals per km . A review of secondary data revealed that a population of about 1586 was present in the un-surveyed area (20,033.33 km2), with a density of 0.08 per km . A total of 146 groups of markhor were counted, with a mean group size of 23 (3–58) individuals. There were 109 males and 108 young per 100 females in the population. Among 1936 recorded males, Class I males accounted for 27.74%, followed by Class II (26.45%), Class IV (trophy-size) (23.40%), and Class III (22.42%). The overall detection probability was recorded as 0.87 and 0.68 for the first observer and second observer, respectively. Compared with the past reports, the population of markhor in Northern Pakistan appears to be increasing, particularly in protected areas (PAs) such as national parks and community-controlled hunting areas (CCHAs). Conservation programs, notably trophy hunting and PA networks, appear to be vital in sustaining markhor populations in parts of the species range. We recommend expansion in such programs in the markhor range in order to maintain a viable population of this majestic wild goat in the region. |
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | SLN @ rakhee @ | Serial | 1695 | ||
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Author | Ahlborn, G.; Jackson, R. | ||||
Title | Marking in Wild Snow Leopards: A preliminary assesment | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
Year | 1987 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
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No. 13 | Issue | Pages | ||
Keywords | estrus; estrual-cycle; reserach; behavior; scrapes; sprays; Langu-Gorge; Langu; China; browse; 4800 | ||||
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Publisher | Islt | Place of Publication | Seattle | Editor | |
Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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Notes | Full Text at URLJournal Title: Snow Line | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 467 | Serial | 36 | ||
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Author | Khanyari, M., Robinson, S., Milner-Gulland, E. J., Morgan, E. R., Rana, R. S., Suryawanshi, K. R. | ||||
Title | Pastoralism in the high Himalayas: Pastoralism: Research, Policy and Practice Open Access Understanding changing practices and their implications for parasite transmission between livestock and wildlife | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2022 | Publication | Springer Open | Abbreviated Journal | |
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12 | Issue | 44 | Pages | 1-16 |
Keywords | Migratory, Transhumance, Livestock, Asiatic ibex, Capra sibirica, Pasture, Rangelands, Gastro-intestinal nematodes | ||||
Abstract | Rangelands are increasingly being affected by climatic variations, fragmentation and changes in livestock management practices. Along with resource competition between livestock and wildlife, disease transmission has implications for people and wildlife in these shared landscapes. We worked with two pastoral communities in the Western Indian Himalayas: the migratory Kinnauras that travel to the Trans‐Himalayan Pin valley in summer and the resident herders of Pin Valley. Asiatic ibex (Capra sibirica) is the predominant wild herbivore in Pin. The pastures in Pin are grazed by both livestock (migratory and resident) and ibex, with the potential for disease transmission. We investigate the effects of herding practices on livestock health and disease transmission, while focusing on gastro‐intestinal nematodes (GINs) as they can spread by sharing pasture between wild and domestic ungulates. Surveys were carried out between June and August 2019, the period when migratory Kinnauras, local herders and Asiatic Ibex are found in Pin Valley. We found that the Kinnaura flocks share pasture with ibex during their time in Pin, exhibiting significantly higher endo‐parasite burdens than sedentary livestock, and the Kinnaura flocks are increasing in number. This suggests GIN cross‐transmission is possible, as GINs have low host specificity and a free‐living, environmental stage that is trophically acquired. As local (sedentary) sheep and goats rarely share pasture with ibex, have low endo‐parasite burdens and are few in number, they are unlikely to transmit parasites to ibex. However, increasingly large local stock numbers may be contributing to pasture degradation which could cause nutritional stress and resource competition, exacerbating GIN impacts. We also find evidence for transhumance persisting, in spite of signs of pasture degradation that are seemingly affecting livestock productivity and potentially disease transmission. It is critical that proactive measures are taken, like participatory disease management with the Kinnauras, to align livelihoods with wildlife and rangeland conservation. | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | SLN @ rakhee @ | Serial | 1703 | ||
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Author | International Snow Leopard Trust | ||||
Title | Indo-US Snow Leopard Project | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
Year | 1986 | Publication | Snowline | Abbreviated Journal | |
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No. 10 | Issue | Pages | ||
Keywords | Garhwal; Himalayas; Govind; Givind-Pashu-Vihar; depredation; killing; livestock; surveys; research; Himachal-Pradesh; Himachal; browse; 4810 | ||||
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Publisher | Islt | Place of Publication | Seattle | Editor | |
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Notes | Full Text at URL; Progress ReportJournal Title: Snow Line | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 468 | Serial | 921 | ||
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Author | Saberwal, V.K. | ||||
Title | Pastoral Politics:gaddi grazing, degradation and biodiversity conservation in Himachal Pradesh, India | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1996 | Publication | Conservation Biology | Abbreviated Journal | |
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10 | Issue | Pages | 741-749 | |
Keywords | grazing; livestock; herders; herder; conservation; biodiversity; Himachal-Pradesh; India; browse; himachal pradesh; 1980 | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 290 | Serial | 838 | ||
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Author | Bagchi, S.; Mishra, C.; Bhatnagar, Y. | ||||
Title | Conflicts between traditional pastoralism and conservation of Himalayan ibex (Capra sibirica) in the Trans-Himalayan mountains | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2004 | Publication | Animal Conservation | Abbreviated Journal | |
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7 | Issue | Pages | 121-128 | |
Keywords | conflicts; traditional pastoralism; himalayan ibex; ibex; capra sibirica; trans-himalayan mountains; pin valley national park; spiti region; non-metric multidimensional scaling; snow leopard; wolf; wild dog; Lynx; wild ass; Tibetan argali; Tibetan antelope; Tibetan gazelle; urial; bharal; Pin River; pin valley; Parahio; goat; sheep; Cattle; horses; yaks; donkeys; diet; free-ranging horses; herded horses; grazing; 5290 | ||||
Abstract | There is recent evidence to suggest that domestic livestock deplete the density and diversity of wild herbivores in the cold deserts of the Trans-Himalaya by imposing resource limitations. To ascertain the degree and nature of threats faced by Himalayan ibex (Capra sibirica) from seven livestock species, we studied their resource use patterns over space, habitat and food dimensions in the pastures of Pin Valley National Park in the Spiti region of the Indian Himalaya. Species diet profiles were obtained by direct observations. We assessed the similarity in habitat use and diets of ibex and livestock using Non-Metric Multidimensional Scaling. We estimated the influence of the spatial distribution of livestock on habitat and diet choice of ibex by examining their co-occurrence patterns in cells overlaid on the pastures. The observed co-occurrence of ibex and livestock in cells was compared with null-models generated through Monte Carlo simulations. The results suggest that goats and sheep impose resource limitations on ibex and exclude them from certain pastures. In the remaining suitable habitat, ibex share forage with horses. Ibex remained relatively unaffected by other livestock such as yaks, donkeys and cattle. However, most livestock removed large amounts of forage from the pastures (nearly 250 kg of dry matter/day by certain species), thereby reducing forage availability for ibex. Pertinent conservation issues are discussed in the light of multiple-use of parks and current socio-economic transitions in the region, which call for integrating social and ecological feedback into management planning. | ||||
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Notes | Document Type: English | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 514 | Serial | 106 | ||
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Author | Fox, J.L.; Freeman, H. | ||||
Title | An Internationally cooperative fiels study of the snow leopard in Northern India | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 1984 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
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4 | Issue | Pages | 39-42 | |
Keywords | India; conservation; ecology; training; Ladakh; Jammu; Himachal-Pradesh; Sikkem; Uttar; Arunachal; livestock; hunting; prey; pelts; browse; 4140 | ||||
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Publisher | Leif Blomqvist and Helsinki Zoo | Place of Publication | Helsinki, Finland | Editor | L.Blomqvist |
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Notes | Full text available atTitle, Monographic: International Pedigree Book of Snow Leopards, Panthera UnciaPlace of Meeting: Krefeld Zoo, GFRDate of Copyright: 1984 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 76 | Serial | 288 | ||
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Author | Ishunin G.I. | ||||
Title | Irbis, or snow leopard Felis (Uncia) uncia S¤hr†b†a 1778 | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
Year | 1961 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
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Vol. 3. | Issue | Pages | 127-131 | |
Keywords | Uzbekistan; snow leopard; taxonomy; distribution; behavior; practical use.; 6880; Russian | ||||
Abstract | It describes diagnostic signs and taxonomy of snow leopard as well as its distribution, behavioral patterns and use in Uzbekistan. This predator inhabits the Ugam, Pskem, Chatkal, Turkistan, and Gissar ridges. It mainly preys on ibex, and marmots, vole-mouse, and snow-cocks. Sometimes it attacks domestic sheep. Snow leopard is of low commercial value. The cost of skin is 4 roubles 70 kopecks. Only a few skins are purchased. | ||||
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Notes | Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Fauna of the Uzbek SSR. Mammals (predators and ungulates). | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 666 | Serial | 412 | ||
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Author | Zakhidov T.Z.Meklenburtsev R.N., B.O.P. | ||||
Title | Snow leopard Uncia uncia Schreb. Distribution of fauna elements over Central Asia | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
Year | 1971 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
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Vol. 2. Vertebrate animals. | Issue | Pages | 234-235 | |
Keywords | Central Asia; snow leopard; distribution; preys; behavior; practical value.; 8670; Russian | ||||
Abstract | Snow leopard inhabits the mountainous ecosystems from Tarbagatai to Hissar and Pamir. It feeds upon large animals such as ibex, argali, roe deer, and sometimes domestic sheep, rodents, and birds (most frequently snow cock). The skin of this animal is not of significant value and is rarely an item of trade. In many countries, zoos will readily buy snow leopards. There is no danger for a man to catch snow leopard since even being wounded during a hunt, the animal would never attack the man. An encounter with snow leopard in the mountains will always end safely for human being, as it is always first to spot a man and go away unnoticed. | ||||
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Notes | Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Nature and fauna of Central Asia. | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 844 | Serial | 1069 | ||
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Author | Suryawanshi, K., K. | ||||
Title | Sunshine and the Shadow | Type | Magazine Article | ||
Year | 2011 | Publication | Hornbill | Abbreviated Journal | |
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Issue | April-June | Pages | 34-37 | |
Keywords | Spiti, Himachal Pradesh, India, snow leopard, sighting, observation, blue sheep, Pseudois nayaur | ||||
Abstract | Kulbhushansingh Suryawanshi shares an update on his blog which describes snow leopard sightings in Spiti, Himachal Pradesh, while studying the foraging behavior and eating habits of blue sheep (Pseudois nayaur). | ||||
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Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ | Serial | 1360 | ||
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