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	Author	Lutz, H.; Hofmann-Lehmann, R.; Fehr, D.; Leutenegger, C.; Hartmann, M.; Ossent, P.; Grob, M.; Elgizoli, M.; Weilenmann, P.
	Title	Liberation of the wilderness of wild felids bred under human custody: Danger of release of viral infections			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1996	Publication	Schweizer Archiv fuer Tierheilkunde	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	138	Issue	12	Pages	579-585
	Keywords	endangered-species; European-Wild-Cat; Fiv; Fpv; Host; Human-Custody; infection; Pathogen; Reintroduction-Projects; Relocation-Projects; survival; Tibet; Veterinary-Medicine; Viral-Disease; Viral-Infection; Wild-Felid; Wild-Felid-Breeding; Wilderness-Liberation; Wildlife-Management; browse; endangered; species; european; wild; cat; Human; custody; reintroduction; project; relocation; veterinary; medicine; Viral; Disease; wild felid; breeding; wilderness; liberation; management; 690
	Abstract	There are several felidae amongst the numerous endangered species. Means of aiding survival are the reintroduction to the wild of animals bred under the auspices of man and their relocation from densely populated to thinly populated areas. It is unlikely that the dangers of such reintroduction or relocation projects have been examined sufficiently in respect to the risks of virus infections confronting individuals kept in zoos or similar situations. This report presents infections may be expected to occur when relo- three examples to illustrate that accidental virus cating and reintroducing wild cats. The first example is the reintroduction of captive snow leopards. Zoo bred snow leopards may be infected with FIV, a virus infection that is highly unlikely to occur in the original hirnalayan highlands of Tibet and China. A second example is of several cases of FIP that occured in European wild cats bred in groups in captivity. The third example mentioned is the relocation of hons from East Africa where all the commonly known feline viruses are wide-spread to the Etosha National Park. In the latter, virus infections such as FIV, FCV and FPV do not occur. The indiscriminate relocation and reintroduction of the wild cats mentioned here harbours a potential of undesirable consequences.
	Address
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	Notes	Document Type: German			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 287			Serial	629
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	Author	Golla, T. R., Tensen, L., Vipin, Kumar, K., Kumar, S., Gaur, A.
	Title	Neutral and adaptive genetic variation in Indian snow leopards, Panthera uncia			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2023	Publication	Current Science	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	125	Issue	2	Pages	204-209
	Keywords	Adaptive evolution, balancing selection, cap- tive breeding, genetic diversity, major histocompatibility complex.
	Abstract	In this study, we reveal patterns of genetic variation in snow leopards (Panthera uncia) by combining neutral (mtDNA, microsatellites) and adaptive (MHC II-DRB) genes. We collected 56 faecal samples from three locations in India. We observed moderate levels of microsatellite diversity (N = 30; A = 5.6; HO = 0.559). Nine unique MHC II-DRB sequences were identified in four snow leopard samples, of which 8 were novel. We found low levels of polymorphism in MHC class II-DRB exon, which was higher in captive (VA = 9.4%) compared to wild individuals (VA = 7.8%), likely as a result of a population bottleneck.
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	Corporate Author				Thesis
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rakhee @			Serial	1722
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	Author	Brown, J.L.; Wasser, S.K.; Wildt, D.E.; Graham, L.H.
	Title	Steroid Metabolism and the Effectiveness of Fecal Assays for Assessing Reproductive Status in Felids			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1994	Publication	Biology of Reproduction	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	50	Issue	suppl 1	Pages	185
	Keywords	fecal-analysis; breeding; reproduction; medicine; medical; zoo; zoos; veterinary; snow-leopard; snow leopard; browse; fecal; analysis; 1420
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
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	Notes	Twenty-seventh Annual Meeting of the Society for the Study of Reproduction, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA, July 24-27, 1994 Call Number: QP251 .B56			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 203			Serial	197
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	Author	Freeman, H., Braden, K.
	Title	Zoo location as a factopr in the reproductive behavior of captive snow leopards, Uncia uncia			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1977	Publication	Zoological Garten J.F.	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	47	Issue	3/4	Pages	280-288
	Keywords	snow leopard, captivity, behavior, breeding, reproduction
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
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	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @			Serial	1256
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	Author	Rieger, I.; Peters, G.
	Title	Observations on the mating and vocal behavior of snow leopards (Uncia-uncia) in zoological garden			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1981	Publication	Zeitschrift Fur Saugetierkunde International Journal of Mamamalian Biology	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	46	Issue	1	Pages	35-48
	Keywords	mating; breeding; vocalization; zoos; zoo; veterinary; behavior; browse; 1570
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
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	Notes	Publisher:GUSTAV FISCHER VERLAG, JENA Document Type: German			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 59			Serial	821
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	Author	Roth, T.L.; Swanson, W.F.; Wildt, D.E.
	Title	Snow leopard (Panthera unica) sperm longevity in vitro is not influenced by protein or energy source supplements but is affected by buffer source			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1995	Publication	Theriogenology	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	43	Issue	1	Pages	309
	Keywords	genetics; Sperm; captivity; medical; medicine; veterinary; zoo; breeding; browse; 1400
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
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	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
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	Notes	Annual Conference of the International Embryo Transfer Society, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, January 8-10, 1995 Document Type: English Call Number: QP251 .T44			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 280			Serial	829
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	Author	Wharton, D.; Mainka, S.A.
	Title	Management and husbandry of the snow leopard Uncia uncia			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1997	Publication	International Zoo Yearbook	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	35	Issue		Pages	139-147
	Keywords	breeding; captive-management; diet; enclosures; housing; husbandry; nutrition; veterinary-care; zoo; browse; veterinary; care; captive; management; 1290
	Abstract	The international studbook for the Snow leopard Uncia uncia was established in 1976. The species has been the focus of intensive captive management and as at 1 January 1992, 541 animals were maintained at 160 collections. This paper gives an overview of the diet, housing, breeding and captive management of the species with specific reference to animals maintained in North American collections. A summary of veterinary care reported in the Snow leopard captive-management survey is also given.
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	Notes	Document Type: English			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 331			Serial	1018
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	Author	Koivisto, I.; Wahlberg, C.; Muuronnen, P.
	Title	Breeding the snow leopard (Panthera Uncia) at the Helsinki Zoo 1967-1976			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1977	Publication	Int.Zoo Yearbook	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	17	Issue		Pages	39-44
	Keywords	breeding; captivity; husbandry; zoos; zoo; mating; browse; 3650
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
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	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 36			Serial	541
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	Author	Kitchener, S.L.; Meritt; Rosenthal, M.
	Title	Observations on the breeding and husbandry of snow leopards, Panthera uncia			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1975	Publication	Int.Zoo Yearbook	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	15	Issue		Pages	212-217
	Keywords	breeding; husbandry; behavior; captivity; zoos; zoo; browse; 3640; Adult; care; biology; growth; mortality; factor; young; snow; snow leopards; snow leopard; snow-leopards; snow-leopard; leopards; leopard; program; park
	Abstract	Describes adult care and breeding biology, and the care, growth, and mortality factors of young snow leopards in a successful breeding program in the Lincon Park Zoo, Chicago, Illinois.
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 31			Serial	535
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	Author	Graham, L.H.; Goodrowe, K.L.; Raeside, J.I.; Liptrap, R.M.
	Title	Non-invasive monitoring of ovarian function in several felid species by measurement of fecal estradiol-17-beta and progestins			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1995	Publication	Zoo Biology	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	14	Issue	3	Pages	223-237
	Keywords	Artificial-Breeding-Program; captive-management; Estradiol-17beta; Pregnancy; Progesterone; Progestin; sexual-behavior; genetics; zoo; medicine; veterinary; snow-leopard; feces; fecal-analysis; snow leopard; artificial; breeding; program; captive; management; Estradiol; 17beta; sexual; behavior; browse; snow; leopard; fecal; analysis; 1390
	Abstract	An extraction and assay procedure to measure fecal estradiol-17-beta and progestin concentrations in several cat species was developed and validated for use for noninvasive monitoring of ovarian function. Fecal samples were collected over a range of 3-20 months from female tigers (three), lions (three), snow leopards (three), cheetahs (two), caracals (two), and domestic cats (five). Samples were extracted with 90% methanol, lipids removed with petroleum ether, and the estradiol and progestins in the methanol measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA). High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) fractionation and subsequent RIA of the fractions indicated that the estradiol-17-beta antiserum cross-reacted primarily with estradiol-17-beta in the feces of lions and tigers and was assumed to be specific for estradiol-17-beta in the feces of other species as well. However, there were several immunoreactive compounds, presumably progesterone metabolites, excreted in the feces which varied both quantitatively and qualitatively among species. The behavior of tigers, lions, cheetahs, and caracals was visually monitored during the collection period and frequency of sexual behaviors was positively correlated with increases in fecal estradiol in all species observed. The mean fecal estradiol-17-beta peaks were as follows: tigers, 128.0 +- 13.1; lions, 186.0 +- 14.8; snow leopards, 136.7 +- 15.9; cheetahs, 140.9 +- 9.0; caracals, 24.5 +- 4.0; and domestic cats 158.9 +- 19.3 ng/gm. Fecal progestin concentrations rose significantly (P lt 0,001) only after breeding or during pregnancy and were as follows: tigers, 5.6 +- 0.6; lions, 1.9 +- 0.1; cheetahs, 8.4 +- 1.1; and caracals, 2.4 +- 0.4 mu-g/gm. Fecal progestins were elevated for one-half to two-thirds of the gestation length during presumed pseudopregnancy but remained elevated throughout successful pregnancies. These results suggest that ovarian function can be monitored noninvasively in the family Felidae by the measurement of fecal estradiol-17-beta and progestin concentrations.
	Address
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	Notes	Document Type: English			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 279			Serial	345
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	Author	Marma B.B.and Yunchis V.V.
	Title	A contribution to biology of the Snow-leopard (Panthera uncia uncia) (by observations in captivity)			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	1968	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	XLVII, issue 11.	Issue		Pages	1689-1694
	Keywords	Lithuania; Kaunas zoological garden; breeding; blood characteristics; physiological characteristics; captivity; duration of pregnancy; birth; cubs; feeding; snow leopard.; 7610; Russian
	Abstract	The methods to obtain the progeny of the snow leopard (Panthera uncia uncia) in captivity were being elaborated in the zoological garden of Kaunas, Lithuanian SSR. The blood characteristics for snow leopards is given and compared to that for African lions and Sumatrian tigers. A series of internal, external and clinical indices is established. The rat lasts for 5-7 day, the duration of pregnancy equals 98 days. The duration of lactation varies from 3 to 4 months. Sexual maturity is attained on the 3rd-4th year. From 1960 to 1967 in zoological garden of the world about 29 snow leopards were born, 14 of them in the Kaunas zoological garden.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
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	Notes	Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Zoological journal			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 739			Serial	648
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	Author	Nishine, Y.
	Title	Development of the captive breeding programme (SSCJ) in Japan 1997-2001			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	2003	Publication	International Pedigree Book of Snow Leopards	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	8	Issue		Pages	25-26
	Keywords	captive; captive breeding; Japan
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
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	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
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	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 925			Serial	722
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	Author	Frueh, R.
	Title	A note on breeding snow leopards at the Saint Louis Zoo			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1968	Publication	Int.Zoo Yearbook	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	8	Issue		Pages	74-76
	Keywords	zoos; zoo; breeding; cubs; behavior; browse; 3620
	Abstract	Breif comments on physical characteristics of the young, care and reproductive behavior of snow leopards
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 21			Serial	327
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	Author	Yanfa, L.; Huanwen, L.
	Title	A preliminary study on the rearing and breeding of ounce			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1986	Publication	Acta Theriologica Sinica	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	6	Issue	2	Pages	93-99
	Keywords	captivity; husbandry; zoos; breeding; reproduction; mating; rearing; browse; 3710; Chinese
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	China	Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
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	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	Document Type: Chinese			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 96			Serial	1045
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	Author	Liao, Y.F.
	Title	The Geographical Distribution of Ounces in Qinghai Province			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1985	Publication	Acta Theriologica Sinica	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	5	Issue	3	Pages	183-188
	Keywords	China; Qinghai; distribution; browse; 5470; ounce; panthera; panthera uncia; Panthera-uncia; uncia; province; 20; Qilian; number; 40; Male; Female; park; Adult; bharal; Pseudois; breeding; people; birth; young; Chinese
	Abstract	This paper deals with the geographical distribution of ounces (Panthera uncia) in Qinghai Province. Ounces are distributed in 20 counties- Guide, Huzhu, Menyuan, Qilian, Tianjun, Dulan, Golmud, Guinan, Xinghai, Zhidoi, Zadoi, Nangqen, Yushu, Chindu, Qumarleb, Madio, Maqen, Jigzhi, Baima, Darlag. Among them, there fore 4 counties- Qilian, Tianjun, Dulan, Zadoi, in which the number of ounces are bigger. The number of ounces are shown in table 2. There are altogether 73 ounces (40 male, 33 female) which is supported to every park of China for ornamental, they were captured by fellow-villagers, and 44 ounces (23 male, 21 female) of them are below 6 months old, 9 ounces (6 male, 3 female) of them are 1 year old, 2 ounces (male) are 2 years old, and 18 ounces (9 male, 9 female) are adults. Ounces live at an altitude of 3000-4100 metres above the sea, and prefer to eat Bharal (Pseudois noyour). Its breeding period goes from April to June, the number of embryos being 2-3. A female ounce was successfully reproduced for the first time at Xining People's Park of China, in Spetember, 1984, and she gave birth to 3 young ounces.
	Address
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	Notes	Document Type: Chinese			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 531			Serial	617
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	Author	Blomqvist, L.
	Title	Conservation Measurements taken for the Captive Snow Leopard, Panthera uncia, Population and a Report of Fluctuations in Stock in 1983			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1984	Publication	Int.Ped Book of Snow Leopards	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	4	Issue		Pages	55-71
	Keywords	captivity; zoo; zoos; status; breeding; reproduction; conservation; browse; 2920
	Abstract	Reports on conservation measures over the past 10 years. Notes current snow leopard exchange programs between zoos in the US and USSR and Europe. Describes status and reproductive success of the captive snow leopard population, list animals currently in captivity.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
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	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 79			Serial	160
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	Author	Phillips, L.; Simmons, L.; Newton Kelley, E.
	Title	Endodontics as a tool to compatibility in snow leopard pairings			Type	Book Chapter
	Year	1982	Publication	International Pedigree Book of Snow Leopards, Vol. 3	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	3	Issue		Pages	127-128
	Keywords	breeding; captive; International; pedigree; snow leopard; zoo
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Helsinki Zoo	Place of Publication	Helsinki	Editor	Blomqvist, L.
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 1036			Serial	773
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	Author	Nardelli, F.
	Title	Keeping and breeding snow leopards at the Rare Felids Increasing Centre, Nettuno, Italy			Type	Book Chapter
	Year	1982	Publication	International Pedigree Book of Snow Leopards, Vol. 3	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	3	Issue		Pages	63-66
	Keywords	breeding; captive; felids; International; pedigree; snow leopard; zoo
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Helsinki Zoo	Place of Publication	Helsinki	Editor	Blomqvist, L.
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 1033			Serial	715
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	Author	Kovalev A.K.
	Title	Markhor in the Ramit nature reserve, Tajikistan			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	1990	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	Vol.3.	Issue		Pages	247-248
	Keywords	Tajikistan; Khazratishok ridge; Darvaza ridge; markhor; number; nature conservation; zakaznik; Ramit nature reserve; captive breeding; prey species; snow leopard.; 7320; Russian
	Abstract	The marchor habitat in Tajikistan is fragmented. The animals are reproduced in enclosures of the Ramit nature reserve and released into wildlife in Khel canyon. Two females were killed by snow leopard.
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	Notes	Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Nature reserves of the USSR present and future.			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 710			Serial	577
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	Author	Rieger, I.
	Title	Breeding ounces, Uncia uncia (Schreber, 1775) in zoological gardens			Type	Book Chapter
	Year	1982	Publication	International Pedigree Book of Snow Leopards, Vol. 3	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	3	Issue		Pages	49-50
	Keywords	breeding; captive; International; ounce; pedigree; snow-leopard; snow-leopards; snow leopard; uncia; Uncia-uncia; Uncia uncia; zoo; zoological; zoological-gardens; zoological gardens
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Helsinki Zoo	Place of Publication	Helsinki	Editor	Blomqvist, L.
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 1038			Serial	822
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	Author	Turner, L.
	Title	Oklahoma City Zoo-Twenty Nine Snow Leopards			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1980	Publication	Int.Ped Book of Snow Leopards	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	2	Issue		Pages	96-111
	Keywords	zoos; captivity; husbandry; zoo; breeding; housing; browse; 3690
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	Discusses breeding, housing, aquisition, history			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 66			Serial	974
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	Author	Freeman, H.
	Title	Behavior in adult pairs of captive snow leopards (Panthera uncia)			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1983	Publication	Zoo Biology	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	2	Issue	1	Pages	1-22
	Keywords	behavior; zoo; zoos; captive; captivity; estrus; breeding; mating; veterinary; browse; 1600
	Abstract	Eight adult pairs of snow leopards (Panthera uncia) were observed for one to three years in the months December through March to determine the species' social and reproductive characteristics in captivity. To statistically examine the occurrence of behaviors as a function of estrus, the observation weeks were divided into three time blocks: before estrus, estrus, and after estrus. Using percentage of scan samples as an estimate of time spent in various behaviors, 16 behaviors and combined behavior categories were examined for (1) behaviors that differentiated successfully from unsuccessfully breeding pairs, (2) sex differences in behavior, (3) significant correlations between pair members, and (4) behaviors that showed time block effects. The rationale for identifying a behavioral profile of successful breeders in snow leopards was to aid zoos in their captive management programs by increasing their knowledge of the social behavior of this species. By finding correlates to breeding success, informed decisions on whether to change partners after a certain period of time, how to group the cats, and the optimum strategy for a survival plan can be made. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2000 APA, all rights reserved
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	Document Type: English			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 60			Serial	319
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	Author	Rieger, I.
	Title	Some difficulty breeding ounces, (Uncia uncia) at zoological gardens			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1980	Publication	Int.Ped Book of Snow Leopards	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	2	Issue		Pages	76-95
	Keywords	breeding; captivity; zoo; zoos; monagamy; behavior; browse; 3670
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	discusses monagamy in snow leopards			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 54			Serial	819
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	Author	Grachev Yu.A.
	Title	Snow leopard			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	1996	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	Vol.1.Animals. Part 1.Vertebrates.	Issue		Pages	246-247
	Keywords	Kazakhstan; Red Data book; category of threat; distribution; number; conservation measure; captive breeding; snow leopard.; 6810; Russian
	Abstract	Status: rare (Category III). Distribution: Tien Shan mountains, Tarbagatai, Saur and Altai mountains. Total number in Kazakhstan does not exceed 200 individuals. The main threats are poaching and reduction number of preys. In Almaty Zoo captive breeding was successful in 1976 and 1985. Snow leopard is protected in Aksu Jabagly, Almaty and Markakol nature reserves. To ensure the survival of the species it is necessary to establish a reserve in Dzhungar mountains and to improve protection in existing nature reserves.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	Full text available in RussianJournal Title: The Red data book of Kazakhstan.			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 659			Serial	343
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	Author	Rieger, I.
	Title	Management techniques of captive ounces, (Uncia uncia)			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1978	Publication	Int.Ped.Book of Snow Leopards	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	1	Issue		Pages	50-70
	Keywords	husbandry; rearing; captivity; zoos; zoo; housing; breeding; mating; browse; 3660
	Abstract	Presents a comparison of housing and techniques for care and breeding at 16 zoos. Includes comments on factors which may influence breeding
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 46			Serial	817
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