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	Author	Kolbintsev V.G.
	Title	The role of the Aksu-Djabagly nature reserve in the vertebrate animals gene pool conservation		Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	1990	Publication	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	Part 3.	Issue	Pages	254-256
	Keywords	Kazakhstan; Aksu-Jabagly nature reserve; gene pool; fauna; rare species; mammals; birds; snow leopard.; 7170; Russian
	Abstract	The Aksu-Djabagly nature reserve is a real guarantor for conservation of gene pool of five species Tien Shan bear, golden eagle, bearded vulture, Blue whistling thrush, and probably Central Asia stone marten. To strengthen the role of the nature reserve in the rare species conservation it is necessary to extend its area to a number of additional land plots belonging to forestries.
	Address
	Corporate Author			Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Editor
	Language		Summary Language	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title	Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue	Edition
	ISSN		ISBN	Medium
	Area		Expedition	Conference
	Notes	Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Nature reserves of the USSR future and present.		Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 695		Serial	543
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	Author	Kydyraliev A.K.
	Title	Some animal species' habitat alteration in the Central Tien Shan		Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	1970	Publication	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	Part 1.	Issue	Pages	46-48
	Keywords	Kyrgyzstan; tien shan; human influence; water conservation activity; decline; range; number; birds; mammals; game species; moral; argali; snow leopard.; 7540; Russian
	Abstract	Irrigation and drainage activity in Tien Shan led some bird species to disappear. Number of species to build their nests in tree holes has dropped. Mongolian sandpiper and black-bellied sand grouse disappeared in the steppe areas. Great bustard, formerly nesting in this area, can now be rarely seen only in migration. The direct anthropogenic influence resulted in shrinkage of game animal and bird populations such as moral, goitered gazelle, argali, snow leopard, and stone marten.
	Address
	Corporate Author			Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Editor
	Language		Summary Language	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title	Abbreviated Series Title
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	Area		Expedition	Conference
	Notes	Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Influence of anthropogenic factors on the formation of zoogeographic complexes. The fifth inter-school zoogeographic conference.		Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 732		Serial	605
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	Author	Sosnovskiy I.P.
	Title	Backstage of the Zoo		Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	1981	Publication	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue	Pages	52-79
	Keywords	Russia; Moscow Zoo; zootechnik service; veterinary service; reptiles; birds; mammals; carnivores; snow leopard.; 8300; Russian
	Abstract	It describes the Moscow Zoo services organization in a popular form; examples from every day work of the technical staff and zoo technical and veterinary service, animals' behaviour outside the cages are given.
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	Corporate Author			Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Editor
	Language		Summary Language	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title	Abbreviated Series Title
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	Notes	Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Live museums.		Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 808		Serial	916
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	Author	Mongolian Biosphere & Ecology Association
	Title	Mongolian Biosphere & Ecology Association Report March 2010		Type	Manuscript
	Year	2010	Publication	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue	Pages
	Keywords	nature; tourism; surveys; survey; snow; snow leopards; snow leopard; snow-leopards; snow-leopard; leopards; leopard; attack; domestic; Animals; Animal; illegal; illegal hunting; hunting; territory; province; 2010; hunt; 1990; movements; movement; pasture; desert; number; species; birds; river; mountain; hunters; hunter; recent; government; structure; management; national; central; people; Report; gobi; Gobi Desert; reproduction; Adult; meat; food; ibex; wild; wild sheep; sheep; marmot; nutrition; schools; population; use; local; big; big game; big-game; game; 310; mountains; wolves; wolf; Seasons; times; zones; global; Mongolia; 40; history; ecology
	Abstract	In accordance with order of the Ministry of Nature and Tourism, zoologists of our association have made surveys in three ways such as reasons why snow leopards attack domestic animals, “Snow leopard” trial operation to count them and illegal hunting in territories of Khovd, Gobi-Altai, Bayankhongor, Uvurkhangai and Umnugobi provinces from September 2009 to January 2010. As result of these surveys it has made the following conclusions in the followings: Reason to hunt them illegally: the principal reason is that administrative units have been increased and territories of administrative units have been diminished. There have been four provinces in 1924 to 1926, 18 since 1965, 21 since 1990. Such situation limits movements of herdsmen completely and pastures digressed much than ever before. As result of such situation, 70% of pastures become desert. Such digression caused not only heads of animals and also number of species. Guarantee is that birds such as owls, cuckoo, willow grouse in banks of Uyert river, Burkhanbuudai mountain, located in Biger soum, Gobi-Altai province, which are not hunted by hunters, are disappearing in the recent two decades. For that reason we consider it is urgently necessary for the government to convert administrative unit structures into four provinces. This would influence herdsmen moving across hundreds km and pastures could depart from digression. Second reason: cooperative movement won. The issues related to management and strengthening of national cooperatives, considered by Central Committee of Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party in the meeting in March 1953 was the start of cooperatives' movement. Consideration by Yu. Tsedenbal, chairman of Ministers Council, chairman of the MPRP, on report “Result of to unify popular units and some important issues to maintain entity management of agricultural cooperatives” in the fourth meeting by the Central Committee of Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party /MPRP/ on December 16-17, 1959, proclaimed complete victory of cooperative. At the end of 1959, it could unify 767 small cooperative into 389 ones, unify 99.3 % of herdsmen and socialize 73.3 % of animals. The remaining of animals amount 6 million 163 thousands animals, and equals to 26.7% of total animals. This concerned number of animals related to the article mentioned that every family should have not more that 50 animals in Khangai zone and not more 75 animals in Gobi desert. It shows that such number could not satisfy needs of family if such number is divided into five main animals in separating with reproduction animals and adult animals. So herdsmen started hunt hoofed animals secretly and illegally in order to satisfy their meat needs. Those animals included main food of snow leopard such as ibex, wild sheep, and marmot. Third reason is that the state used to hunt ibex, which are main nutrition of snow leopards, every year. The administrative unit of the soum pursued policy to hunt ibex in order to provide meat needs of secondary schools and hospitals. That's why this affected decrease of ibex population. Preciously from 1986 to 1990 the permissions to hunt one thousands of wild sheep and two thousands of ibexes were hunt for domestic alimentary use every year. Not less than 10 local hunters of every soum used to take part in big game of ibexes. Also they hunted many ibexes, chose 3-10 best ibexes and hid them in the mountains for their consummation during hunting. Fourth reason: hunting of wolves. Until 1990 the state used to give prizes to hunter, who killed a wolf in any seasons of the year. Firstly it offered a sheep for the wolf hunter and later it gave 25 tugrugs /15 USD/. Every year, wolf hunting was organized several times especially picking wolf-cubs influenced spread and population of wolves. So snow leopard came to the places where wolves survived before and attack domestic animals. Such situation continued until 1990. Now population of ibexes has decreased than before 1990 since the state stopped hunting wolves, population of wolves increased in mountainous zones. We didn't consider it had been right since it was natural event. However population of ibexes decreased. Fifth reason: Global warming. In recent five years it has had a drought and natural disaster from excessive snow in the places where it has never had such natural disasters before. But Mongolia has 40 million heads of domestic animals it has never increased like such quantity in its history before. We consider it is not incorrect that decrease of domestic animals could give opportunities to raise population of wild animals. Our next survey is to make attempt to fix heads of snow leopards correctly with low costs.
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	Publisher		Place of Publication	Editor
	Language		Summary Language	Original Title
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	Series Volume		Series Issue	Edition
	ISSN		ISBN	Medium
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	Notes			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 1100		Serial	705
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	Author	Persianova L.A.
	Title	About the Red Book listing rare and endangered animal and plant species		Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	1980	Publication	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue	Pages	41-42
	Keywords	Uzbekistan; Red Data book; flora; fauna; rare species; categories of threat; mammals; birds; reptiles; fishes; snow leopard.; 7870; Russian
	Abstract	The Red Book includes data of rare and endangered fauna and flora species. The species are sub-divided into five categories by threat. Volume 1 of the Red Book of the Uzbek SSR includes 22 mammal species, 31 bird species, five reptile and five fish species. Among them there are endemic species and species included in the International Red list. Snow leopard is referred to a category of endangered species.
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	Publisher		Place of Publication	Editor
	Language		Summary Language	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title	Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue	Edition
	ISSN	http://www.snowleopard.org/islt/procite/lpabout80.doc	ISBN	Medium
	Area		Expedition	Conference
	Notes	Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Urgent problems of nature protection and sustainable use of natural resources. Proceedings of the second national conference of Uzbekistan.		Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 765		Serial	768
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	Author	Petrov B.M.
	Title	Game fauna in western extremities of the Tien Shan and specific issues of its enrichment and use		Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	1963	Publication	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue	Pages	224-225
	Keywords	Uzbekistan; Western Tien Shan; game species; hunting farm; birds; mammals; snow leopard.; 7890; Russian
	Abstract	It provides a brief description of game fauna in the West Tien Shan including the Ugam, Pskem, Chatkal, and Kurama ridges, characterized by high diversity and practical value of predatory mammal species (including snow leopard), Artiodactyls, rodents and birds. There arises a question of game fauna enrichment and game management regulating on this territory.
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	Notes	Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Zoogeography of land. Proceedings of third all-Union meeting.		Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 767		Serial	771
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	Author	Proskuryakov M.A.
	Title	Almaty nature reserve		Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	1969	Publication	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue	Pages	459-464
	Keywords	Kazakhstan; Almaty nature reserve; landscape; flora; fauna; birds; mammals; snow leopard.; 8010; Russian
	Abstract	A description of the Almaty nature reserve is given and includes as follows: data of establishment, location, physic and geographic description, types of soils, climate, flora and fauna. In the nature reserve there are 39 mammals and 117 birds. Snow leopard, wild ibex, brown bear, lynx, wild boar, red deer, wolf, fox etc. inhabited in the nature reserve.
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	Notes	Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Nature reserves of USSR.		Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 779		Serial	796
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	Author	Rashek V.A.
	Title	The Chatkal State nature reserve. Aksu Jabagly nature reserve		Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	1980	Publication	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue	Pages	157-161
	Keywords	Uzbekistan; Kazakhstan; Chatkal nature reserve; Aksu Jabagly nature reserve; landscape; flora; fauna; birds; mammals; rare species; snow leopard.; 8040; Russian
	Abstract	It describes history of the Chatkal and Aksu Jabagly nature reserves' establishment and provides data concerning hydrography, soils, climate, landscapes, altitude zoning, flora and fauna, and main aspects of scientific work.
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	Notes	Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Nature reserves of the USSR.		Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 782		Serial	806
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	Author	Shrestha, B.
	Title	*Prey Abundance and Prey Selection by Snow Leopard (uncia uncia) in the Sagarmatha (Mt. Everest) National Park, Nepal*		Type	Report
	Year	2008	Publication	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue	Pages	1-35
	Keywords	project; snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard; network; conservation; program; prey; abundance; selection; uncia; Uncia uncia; Uncia-uncia; Sagarmatha; national; national park; National-park; park; Nepal; resource; predators; predator; ecological; impact; region; community; structure; number; research; population; status; density; densities; wild; prey species; prey-species; species; Himalayan; tahr; musk; musk-deer; deer; game; birds; diet; livestock; livestock depredation; livestock-depredation; depredation; awareness; co-existence; ungulates; ungulate; Human; using; areas; area; monitoring; transect; Hair; identification; scat; attack; patterns; sighting; 1760; populations; birth; Male; Female; young; domestic; domestic livestock; 120; scats; yak; Dog; pika; wildlife; Seasons; winter; horse; study; cover; land; predation; Pressure; development; strategy; threatened; threatened species; threatened-species; conflicts; conflict; people; control; husbandry; compensation; reintroduction; blue; blue sheep; blue-sheep; sheep; free ranging
	Abstract	Predators have significant ecological impacts on the region's prey-predator dynamic and community structure through their numbers and prey selection. During April-December 2007, I conducted a research in Sagarmatha (Mt. Everest) National Park (SNP) to: i) explore population status and density of wild prey species; Himalayan tahr, musk deer and game birds, ii) investigate diet of the snow leopard and to estimate prey selection by snow leopard, iii) identify the pattern of livestock depredation by snow leopard, its mitigation, and raise awareness through outreach program, and identify the challenge and opportunities on conservation snow leopard and its co-existence with wild ungulates and the human using the areas of the SNP. Methodology of my research included vantage points and regular monitoring from trails for Himalayan tahr, fixed line transect with belt drive method for musk deer and game birds, and microscopic hair identification in snow leopard's scat to investigate diet of snow leopard and to estimate prey selection. Based on available evidence and witness accounts of snow leopard attack on livestock, the patterns of livestock depredation were assessed. I obtained 201 sighting of Himalayan tahr (1760 individuals) and estimated 293 populations in post-parturient period (April-June), 394 in birth period (July -October) and 195 November- December) in rutting period. In average, ratio of male to females was ranged from 0.34 to 0.79 and ratio of kid to female was 0.21-0.35, and yearling to kid was 0.21- 0.47. The encounter rate for musk deer was 1.06 and density was 17.28/km2. For Himalayan monal, the encounter rate was 2.14 and density was 35.66/km2. I obtained 12 sighting of snow cock comprising 69 individual in Gokyo. The ratio of male to female was 1.18 and young to female was 2.18. Twelve species (8 species of wild and 4 species of domestic livestock) were identified in the 120 snow leopard scats examined. In average, snow leopard predated most frequently on Himalayan tahr and it was detected in 26.5% relative frequency of occurrence while occurred in 36.66% of all scats, then it was followed by musk deer (19.87%), yak (12.65%), cow (12.04%), dog (10.24%), unidentified mammal (3.61%), woolly hare (3.01%), rat sp. (2.4%), unidentified bird sp. (1.8%), pika (1.2%), and shrew (0.6%) (Table 5.8 ). Wild species were present in 58.99% of scats whereas domestic livestock with dog were present in 40.95% of scats. Snow leopard predated most frequently on wildlife species in three seasons; spring (61.62%), autumn (61.11%) and winter (65.51%), and most frequently on domestic species including dog in summer season (54.54%). In term of relative biomass consumed, in average, Himalayan tahr was the most important prey species contributed 26.27% of the biomass consumed. This was followed by yak (22.13%), cow (21.06%), musk deer (11.32%), horse (10.53%), wooly hare (1.09%), rat (0.29%), pika (0.14%) and shrew (0.07%). In average, domestic livestock including dog were contributed more biomass in the diet of snow leopard comprising 60.8% of the biomass consumed whilst the wild life species comprising 39.19%. The annual prey consumption by a snow leopard (based on 2 kg/day) was estimated to be three Himalayan tahr, seven musk deer, five wooly hare, four rat sp., two pika, one shrew and four livestock. In the present study, the highest frequency of attack was found during April to June and lowest to July to November. The day of rainy and cloudy was the more vulnerable to livestock depredation. Snow leopard attacks occurred were the highest at near escape cover such as shrub land and cliff. Both predation pressure on tahr and that on livestock suggest that the development of effective conservation strategies for two threatened species (predator and prey) depends on resolving conflicts between people and predators. Recently, direct control of free – ranging livestock, good husbandry and compensation to shepherds may reduce snow leopard – human conflict. In long term solution, the reintroduction of blue sheep at the higher altitudes could also “buffer” predation on livestock.
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	Notes	Project funded by Snow Leopard Network's Snow Leopard Conservation Grant Program. Forum of Natural Resource Managers, Nepal.		Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 1076		Serial	887
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	Author	Kovshar A.F.
	Title	Preservation of gene pool of rare and endangered animal species		Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	1982	Publication	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue	Pages	100-107
	Keywords	Kazakhstan; gene pool; rare species; mammals; ungulates; carnivores; snow leopard; rodents; birds; reptiles; amphibians; fishes.; 7360; Russian
	Abstract	The rare species are protected in six nature reserves in Kazakhstan, including 9 mammals, 29 birds, and one reptile species. More than 20 rare and endangered species inhabiting Kazakhstan cannot be met within the nature reserves. The point is to establish a network of state nature reserves, particularly in steppe and desert area of the country.
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	Corporate Author			Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Editor
	Language		Summary Language	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title	Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue	Edition
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	Notes	Full text available in RussianJournal Title: The nature conservation in Kazakhstan.		Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 714		Serial	581
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