| Records |
| Author |
Ale S. |
| Title |
Have snow leopards made a comeback to the Everest region of Nepal? |
Type |
Report |
| Year |
2005 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume  |
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Issue |
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Pages |
1-21 |
| Keywords |
snow; snow leopards; snow leopard; snow-leopards; snow-leopard; leopards; leopard; region; Nepal; Report; International; international snow leopard trust; International-Snow-Leopard-Trust; trust; program; 1960; endangered; Sagarmatha; High; Himalaya; tourism; impact; establishment; national; national park; National-park; park; 1980; area; Tibet; surveys; survey; status; Cats; cat; prey; research; project; sign; transects; transect; length; valley; Response; hunting; recovery; Himalayan; tahr; density; densities; range; pugmarks; sighting; 60; study; population; predators; predator; structure; prey species; prey-species; species; populations; mortality; effects; predation; population dynamics |
| Abstract |
In the 1960s, the endangered snow leopard was locally extirpated from the Sagarmatha (Mt. Everest) region of Nepal. In this Sherpa-inhabited high Himalaya, the flourishing tourism since the ascent of Mt Everest in 1953, has caused both prosperity and adverse impacts, the concern that catalyzed the establishment of Mt. Everest National Park in the region in 1976. In the late 1980s, there were reports that some transient snow leopards may have visited the area from adjoining Tibet, but no biological surveys exist to confirm the status of the cats and their prey. Have snow leopards finally returned to the top of the world? Exploring this question was the main purpose of this research project. We systematically walked altogether 24 sign transects covering over 13 km in length in three valleys, i.e. Namche, Phortse and Gokyo, of the park, and counted several snow leopard signs. The results indicated that snow leopards have made a comeback in the park in response to decades of protective measures, the virtual cessation of hunting and the recovery of the Himalayan tahr which is snow leopard's prey. The average sign density (4.2 signs/km and 2.5 sign sites/km) was comparable to that reported from other parts of the cats' range in the Himalaya. On this basis, we estimated the cat density in the Everest region between 1 to 3 cats per 100 sq km, a figure that was supported by different sets of pugmarks and actual sightings of snow leopards in the 60 km2 sample survey area. In the study area, tahr population had a low reproductive rate (e.g. kids-to-females ratio, 0.1, in Namche). Since predators can influence the size and the structure of prey species populations through mortality and through non-lethal effects or predation risk, snow leopards could have been the cause of the population dynamics of tahr in Sagarmtha, but this study could not confirm this speculation for which further probing may be required. |
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| Notes |
Progress report for the International Snow Leopard Trust Small Grants Program. |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 1063 |
Serial |
50 |
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| Author |
Froede, K. and Jackson, R. |
| Title |
Snow Leopard Manual Field Study Techniques for the Kingdom Nepal |
Type |
Report |
| Year |
2001 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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Issue |
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Pages |
1-69 |
| Keywords |
analysis, census, data, field work, forms, manual, method, methods, monitoring, research, signs, snow leopard, survey, techniques, transects, Uncia uncia |
| Abstract |
The publication of this manual aims sharing and facilitating the study on snow leopard and its prey species among mid-level professionals interested in conducting fieldwork on their own. The manual is derived from the 1996 “Snow Leopard Survey and Conservation Handbook” written by Dr. Rodney Jackson and Dr. Don Hunter and published by International Snow Leopard Trust (ISLT) based in seatle, Washington, USA. The first section introduces the topic, the second and third section deal with presence/ absence and abundance survey methods. The various survey-froms with instructions are given in the annexes. |
| Address |
Baluwatar, PO. Box: 7660, Kathmandu, Nepal |
| Corporate Author |
WWF Nepal Program |
Thesis |
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WWF Nepal |
Place of Publication |
Kathmandu, Nepal |
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SLN @ rana @ |
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1128 |
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| Author |
Ale, S., Shrestha, B., and Jackson, R. |
| Title |
On the status of Snow Leopard Panthera Uncia (Schreber 1775) in Annapurna, Nepal |
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Journal Article |
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2014 |
Publication |
Journal of Threatened Taxa |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Issue |
6(3) |
Pages |
5534-5543 |
| Keywords |
Annapurna, Blue Sheep, Buddhism, camera-trapping, Himalayas, Mustang, sign-survey, Snow Leopard. |
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SLN @ rakhee @ |
Serial |
1407 |
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| Author |
ud Din, J. |
| Title |
Assessing the Status of Snow Leopard in Torkhow Valley, District Chitral, Pakistan: Final Technical Report |
Type |
Report |
| Year |
2008 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
1-16 |
| Keywords |
status; snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard; valley; chitral; Pakistan; Report; study; prey; Base; conflict; threats; threat; wildlife; sign; transect; surveys; survey; Slims; Data; number; snow leopards; snow-leopards; leopards; Animals; Animal; population; livestock; livestock depredation; livestock-depredation; depredation; area; Case; ungulates; ungulate; Himalayan; himalayan ibex; ibex; rut; using; prey species; prey-species; species; marmot; game; birds; carnivores; carnivore; wolf; wolves; jackal; fox; survival; retaliatory; retaliatory killing; retaliatory-killing; killing; poisoning; poaching; loss; habitat; habitat degradation; habitat-degradation; degradation; grazing; collection; awareness; Gis; map; staff; field; training; conservation; community; distribution; resource; project; network; program |
| Abstract |
This study was aimed at assessing the status of Snow leopard, its major prey base, and the extent of human-Snow leopard conflict and major threats to the wildlife in north Chitral (Torkhow valley) Pakistan. Snow leopard occurrence was conformed through sign transect surveys i.e. SLIMS. Based on the data collected the number of Snow leopards in this survey block (1022 Kmý) is estimated to be 2-3 animals. Comparing this estimate with the available data from other parts of the district the population of snow leopard in Chitral district was count to be 36 animals. Livestock depredation reports collected from the area reflect the existence of human-snow leopard conflict and 138 cases were recorded affecting 102 families (in a period of eight years, 2001-2008). Ungulates (Himalayan Ibex) rut season surveys were conducted in coordination with NWFP Wildlife department. A total of 429 animals were counted using direct count (point method) surveys. Other snow leopard prey species recorded include marmot, hare, and game birds. Signs of other carnivores i.e. wolf, jackal, and fox were also noticed. Major threats to the survival of wildlife especially snow leopard reckoned include retaliatory killing (Shooting, Poisoning), poaching, loss of natural prey, habitat degradation (over grazing, fodder and fuel wood collection), lack of awareness, and over population. GIS map of the study area was developed highlighting the area searched for Snow leopard and its prey species. Capacity of the Wildlife Department staff was built in conducting SLIMS and ungulate surveys through class room and on field training. Awareness regarding the importance of wildlife conservation was highlighted to the students, teachers and general community through lectures and distribution of resource materials developed by WWF-Pakistan. |
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Project funded by Snow Leopard Network's Snow Leopard Conservation Grant Program. |
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no |
| Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 1065 |
Serial |
978 |
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| Author |
Suryawanshi, K.R.; Bhatnagar, Y.; Mishra, C. |
| Title |
Why should a grazer browse? Livestock impact on winter resource use by bharal Pseudois nayaur
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Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2009 |
Publication |
Oecologia |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
1-10 |
| Keywords |
browse; livestock; impact; winter; resource; use; bharal; Pseudois; pseudois nayaur; Pseudois-nayaur; nayaur; diet; variation; diets; conservation; Media; study; decline; areas; area; grazing; Pressure; plants; plant; sign; feeding; location; population; structure; populations; using; young; Female; times; High; Competition; species; predators; predator; endangered; snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard; trans-himalaya; transhimalaya |
| Abstract |
Many mammalian herbivores show a temporal diet variation between graminoid-dominated and browse dominated diets. We determined the causes of such a diet shift and its implications for conservation of a medium sized ungulate-the bharal Pseudois nayaur. Past studies show that the bharal diet is dominated by graminoids (>80%) during summer, but the contribution of graminoids declines to about 50% in winter. We tested the predictions generated by two alternative hypotheses explaining the decline: low graminoid availability during winter causes bharal to include browse in their diet; bharal include browse, with relatively higher nutritional quality, in their diet to compensate for the poor quality of graminoids during winter. We measured winter graminoid availability in areas with no livestock grazing, areas with relatively moderate livestock grazing, and those with intense livestock grazing pressures. The chemical composition of plants contributing to the bharal diet was analysed. The bharal diet was quantiWed through signs of feeding on vegetation at feeding locations. Population structures of bharal populations were recorded using a total count method. Graminoid availability was highest in areas without livestock grazing, followed by areas with moderate and intense livestock grazing. The bharal diet was dominated by graminoids (73%) in areas with highest graminoid availability. Graminoid contribution to the bharal diet declined monotonically (50, 36%) with a decline in graminoid availability. Bharal young to female ratio was 3 times higher in areas with high graminoid availability than areas with low graminoid availability. The composition of the bharal winter diet was governed predominantly by the availability of graminoids in the rangelands. Our results suggest that bharal include more browse in their diet during winter due to competition from livestock for graminoids. Since livestock grazing reduces graminoid availability, creation of livestock-free areas is necessary for the conservation of grazing species such as the bharal and its predators including the endangered snow leopard in the Trans-Himalaya. |
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Springer-Verlag |
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Online |
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This study was made possible by a grant from the Snow Leopard Network. Additional support was given by the Wildlife Conservation Society-India Program and Nature Conservation Foundation, the Whitley Fund for Nature, the Ford Foundation, and the Nadathur Conservation Trust. |
Approved |
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SLN @ rana @ 1062 |
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951 |
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Schaller, G.B.; Hong, L.; Talipu, J.; Mingjiang, R.Q. |
| Title |
The Snow Leopard in Xinjiang, China |
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Miscellaneous |
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1989 |
Publication |
Snow Line |
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winter |
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surveys; research; Tian-Shan; scrapes; sign; range; browse; 4780 |
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Islt |
Place of Publication |
Seattle |
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Full Text at URLJournal Title: Snow Line |
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no |
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SLN @ rana @ 465 |
Serial |
869 |
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| Author |
Ahlborn, G.; Jackson, R.M. |
| Title |
Marking in Free-Ranging Snow Leopards in West Nepal: A preliminary assesment |
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Conference Article |
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1988 |
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25-49 |
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Nepal; sign; markings; scrapes; spray; scat; habitat; status; behavior; browse; 1630 |
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Describes and Quantifies snow leopard marking behaviour, based primarily on sign, gatherd during a four year study in Nepal. Emphasis is on scrapes and spray markings, detailing their frequency of occurence realtive to habitat characteristics and season. Both sexes mark intensively, sign abundance is associated with intensity of use, and sign is concentrated along breaks in terrain. |
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Snow Leopard Trust and the Wildlife Institute of India |
Place of Publication |
India |
Editor |
H.Freeman |
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English |
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Full Text at URLTitle, Monographic: Fifth International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: Shrinagar, IndiaDate of Copyright: 1988 |
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no |
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SLN @ rana @ 102 |
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37 |
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| Author |
McCarthy, T. |
| Title |
Snow leopard conservation project, Mongolia: WWF Project Summary of Field Work |
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Miscellaneous |
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1999 |
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irbis-enterprises; Mongolia; gobi; Altai; Altay; habitat; status; distribution; Uvs; conservation; parks; preserves; refuge; protected-area; herders; livestock; predator; prey; field-work; field-study; field-studies; training; Slims; transects; sign; sprays; scrapes; markings; population; browse; irbis; enterprises; protected; area; field work; field; work; field study; study; 3870 |
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Full Text at URL: Project No. MN0004.01, reporting period 1998-1999 |
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SLN @ rana @ 367 |
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658 |
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| Author |
Kyes, R.; Chalise, M.K. |
| Title |
Assessing the Status of the Snow Leopard Population in Langtang National Park, Nepal |
Type |
Report |
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2005 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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Issue |
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Pages |
1-22 |
| Keywords |
status; snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard; population; Langtang; national; national park; National-park; park; Nepal; project; International; international snow leopard trust; International-Snow-Leopard-Trust; trust; program; biodiversity; research; study; Support; Islt; approach; Data; conservation; snow leopards; snow-leopards; leopards; survey; distribution; abundance; prey; prey species; prey-species; species; populations; programs; local; sign; pugmarks; scats; scat; primary; Himalayan; areas; area; Response; Pressure; domestic; domestic livestock; livestock; grazing |
| Abstract |
This project is part of an ongoing snow leopard study established in 2003 with support from the ISLT. The study involves a multifaceted approach designed to provide important baseline data on the status of the snow leopard population in Langtang National Park (LNP), Nepal and to generate long-term support and commitment to the conservation of snow leopards in the park. The specific aims include: 1) conducting a population survey of the snow leopards in LNP, focusing on distribution and abundance; 2) assessing the status of prey species populations in the park; and 3) providing educational outreach programs on snow leopard conservation for local school children (K-8) living in the park. During the 2004 study period, snow leopard signs were observed (including pugmarks and scats) although somewhat fewer than in 2003. Similarly, the average herd size of the snow leopards' primary prey species in LNP (the Himalayan thar) was a bit lower than in 2003. There is speculation that the thar populations and the snow leopards may be moving to more remotes areas of the park perhaps in response to increasing pressure from domestic livestock grazing. This possibility is being addressed during the 2005 study period. |
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Project funded by International Snow Leopard Trust Small Grants Program, 2004. University of Washington and Nepal Biodiversity Research Society/Tribhuvan University. |
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no |
| Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 1072 |
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607 |
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Khatiwada, J.R.; Chalise, M.K.; Kyes, R. |
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Survey of Snow Leopard (Uncia uncia) and Blue Sheep (Pseudois nayaur) populations in the Kangchenjunga Conservation Area (KCA), Nepal. Final report |
Type |
Report |
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2007 |
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Issue |
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1-13 |
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survey; snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard; uncia; Uncia uncia; Uncia-uncia; blue; blue sheep; blue-sheep; sheep; Pseudois; pseudois nayaur; Pseudois-nayaur; nayaur; populations; population; conservation; area; Nepal; Report; study; information; management; system; Slims; relative abundance; abundance; transects; transect; length; sign; scrapes; scrape; 20; feces; scent; pugmarks; hairs; Hair; using; livestock; livestock depredation; livestock-depredation; depredation; patterns; herders; herder; snow leopards; snow-leopards; leopards; Animals; Animal |
| Abstract |
This study was carried out in the Kangchenjunga Conservation Area (KCA), Eastern Nepal from Feb – Nov 2007. We used the Snow Leopard Information Management System, SLIMS (second order survey technique) to determine the relative abundance of snow leopard in the upper part of KCA. Altogether, 36 transects (total length of 15.21 km) were laid down in the major three blocks of KCA. 104 Signs (77 scrapes, 20 feces, 2 Scent mark, 3 Pugmarks and 2 hairs) were recorded. Fixed-point count method was applied for blue sheep from appropriate vantage points. We counted total individual in each herd using 8x42 binocular and 15-60x spotting scope. A total of 43 herds and 1102 individuals were observed in the area. The standard SLIMS questionnaire was conducted to find out relevant information on livestock depredation patterns. Out of 35 households surveyed in KCA, 48% of herders lost livestock due to snow leopards. A total of 21 animals were reportedly lost due to snow leopards from August to September 2007. |
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Project funded by Snow Leopard Network's Snow Leopard Conservation Grant Program. |
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SLN @ rana @ 1070 |
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533 |
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