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Author | Kinsel, M.J.; Kovarik, P.; Murnane, R.D. | ||||
Title | Gastric spiral bacteria in small felids | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1998 | Publication | Journal-of-Zoo-and-Wildlife-Medicine | Abbreviated Journal | |
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29 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 214-220 |
Keywords | Gastric-spinal-bacteria; snow-leopard; medical; zoo; snow leopard; browse; gastric; spinal; bacteria; 1270 | ||||
Abstract | Nine small cats, including one bobcat (Felis rufus), one Pallas cat (F. manul), one Canada lynx (F. lynx canadensis), two fishing cats (F. viverrina), two margays (F. wiedii), and two sand cats (F. margarita), necropsied between June 1995 and March 1997 had large numbers of gastric spiral bacteria, whereas five large cats, including one African lion (Panthera leo), two snow leopards (P. uncia), one Siberian tiger (P. tigris altaica), and one jaguar (P. onca), necropsied during the same period had none. All of the spiral organisms from the nine small cats were histologically and ultrastructurally similar. Histologically, the spiral bacteria were 5-14 mum long with five to nine coils per organism and were located both extracellularly within gastric glands and surface mucus, and intracellularly in parietal cells. Spiral bacteria in gastric mucosal scrapings from the Canada lynx, one fishing cat, and the two sand cats were gram negative and had corkscrew-like to tumbling motility when viewed with phase contrast microscopy. The bacteria were 0.5-0.7 mum wide, with a periodicity of 0.65-1.1 mum in all cats. Bipolar sheathed flagella were occasionally observed, and no periplasmic fibrils were seen. The bacteria were extracellular in parietal cell canaliculi and intracellular within parietal cells. Culture of mucosal scrapings from the Canada lynx and sand cats was unsuccessful. Based on morphology, motility, and cellular tropism, the bacteria were probably Helicobacter-like organisms. Although the two margays had moderate lymphoplasmacytic gastritis, the other cats lacked or had only mild gastric lymphoid infiltrates, suggesting that these organisms are either commensals or opportunistic pathogens. | ||||
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Notes | Document Type: English | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 354 | Serial | 534 | ||
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Author | Rothschild, B.M.; Rothschild, C.; Woods, R.J. | ||||
Title | Inflammatory arthritis in large cats: An expanded spectrum of spondyloarthropathy | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1998 | Publication | Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine | Abbreviated Journal | |
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29 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 279-284 |
Keywords | Acinonyx-jubatus; cheetah; Felidae; Felis-concolor; mountain-lion; Felis-pardalis; ocelot; Panthera-leo; African-lion; Panthera-onca; jaguar; Panthera-pardus; leopard; Panthera-tigris; tiger; Panthera-uncia; snow-leopard; snow leopard; Acinonyx; jubatus; felis; concolor; mountain; lion; pardalis; panthera; leo; african; onca; pardus; tigris; uncia; browse; 1240 | ||||
Abstract | Spondyloarthropathy was documented for the first time in 14 (3.7%) of 386 large cats, affecting eight species belonging to three genera. The limited distribution of joint erosions, associated with spine and sacroiliac joint pathology, was indistinguishable from that occurring in humans with spondyloarthropathy of the reactive type. This form of inflammatory arthritis is almost twice as common as osteoarthritis (for felids as a whole), and animal well-being may be enhanced by its recognition and by initiation of specific treatment. | ||||
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Notes | Document Type: English | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 353 | Serial | 832 | ||
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Author | Ikeda, N. | ||||
Title | Economic impacts of livestock depredation by snow leopard Uncia uncia in the Kanchenjunga Conservation Area, Nepal Himalaya | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
Year | 2004 | Publication | Environmental Conservation | Abbreviated Journal | |
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31 | Issue | Pages | 322-330 | |
Keywords | herder; Kanchenjunga Conservation Area; local resident; park people conflict; wildlife conservation; yak.; snow leopard | ||||
Abstract | It is necessary to fully understand the economic conditions of local herders in order to find solutions to the conflicts between wildlife conservation and livestock rearing in remote areas of low-income countries. In the Kanchenjunga Conservation Area (KCA), Nepal, livestock depredation by snow leopards impacts on yak herders' livelihoods. Retaliatory killings of snow leopard by the herders have been reported and the concerned authorities recently initiated snow leopard conservation programmes. In 2001, interviews with the yak herders who used the pastures in the Ghunsa valley in the preceding year collected data on the incidence of livestock death caused by snow leopards. The annual net cash income of the yak herders was estimated by obtaining baseline values of sales and expenditure per livestock head through field measurement of dairy products and interviews with a sample of herders. As yet, the average annual damage does not appear to have adversely affected fundamental livelihoods in households with an average herd size (36.6 head). However, in the worst scenario of livestock depredation, households with medium or small-sized herds (<40 head) might risk their living conditions becoming unsustainable or having to withdraw from yak pastoralism. A supplementary interview showed that the majority of the herders, except those who took completely neutral attitudes towards the regional conservation and development programme, had negative views of the snow leopard conservation policy. For the snow leopard conservation programme in the KCA to be a success, there must be a system to compensate the herders' households for livestock damage. | ||||
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Notes | Full article not available on SLN bibliography due to copyright concerns. | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 906 | Serial | 402 | ||
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Author | Jackson, R. | ||||
Title | Snow Leopards, Local People and Livestock Losses: Finding solutions using Appreciative Participatory Planning and Action (APPA) in the Markha Valley of Hemis National Park, Ladakh, October 6-26, 1999 | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1999 | Publication | Cat News | Abbreviated Journal | |
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31 | Issue | Autumn | Pages | 22-23 |
Keywords | snow; snow leopards; snow leopard; snow-leopards; snow-leopard; leopards; leopard; local; local people; people; livestock; loss; using; participatory; planning; action; valley; Hemis; national; national park; National-park; park; Ladakh | ||||
Abstract | Livestock depredation is emerging as a significant issue across the Himalaya, including the Hemis National Park (HNP) in Ladakh. Some consider that this protected area harbors the best snow leopard population in India, but local herders perceive the endangered snow leopard as a serious threat to their livelihood. | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 1018 | Serial | 463 | ||
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Author | Lui, C.-guang; Zheng, C.-wu; Ren, J.-rang | ||||
Title | Research Foods and Food Sources About Snow Leopard (Panthera uncia) | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
Year | 2003 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
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31 | Issue | Pages | 154-159 | |
Keywords | research; foods; food; snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard; panthera; panthera uncia; Panthera-uncia; uncia; Chinese; deer; kiang; argali; Qinghai; gansu; Sichuan; Comparative; congruence; species; distribution; variation | ||||
Abstract | During 1984-1987, 1992-1995, and 1998-2001, the author researched snow leopard, white lipped deer, kiang, and argali in Qinghai, Gansu, Xingiang, and Sichuan. He collected 644 snow leopard droppings, and analyzed kinds of foods and sources from perch. Snow leopard's foods include most main foods, main foods, comparative foods and lesser foods. Studied one another index of faunistic congruence of foods species that from various distribution and variation both perch vertical variety and foods of snow leopard. |
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Notes | Full text available in Chinese. Periodical: Journal of Shaanxi Normal University (Natural Science Edition) | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 877 | Serial | 626 | ||
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Author | Rode, J., Lambert, C., Marescot, L., Chaix, B., Beesau, J., Bastian, S., Kyrbashev, J., Cabanat, A.L. | ||||
Title | Population monitoring of snow leopards using camera trapping in Naryn State Nature Reserve, Kyrgyzstan, between 2016 and 2019 | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2021 | Publication | Global Ecology and Conservation | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume ![]() |
31 | Issue | e01850 | Pages | 1-6 |
Keywords | Snow leopard, camera trapping, Citizen science, Kyrgyzstan | ||||
Abstract | Four field seasons of snow leopard (Panthera uncia) camera trapping inside Naryn State Nature Reserve, Kyrgyzstan, performed thanks to citizen science expeditions, allowed detecting a minimal population of five adults, caught every year with an equilibrated sex ratio (1.5:1) and reproduction: five cubs or subadults have been identified from three litters of two different females. Crossings were observed one to three times a year, in front of most camera traps, and several times a month in front of one of them. Overlap of adults’ minimal territories was observed in front of several camera traps, regardless of their sex. Significant snow leopard presence was detected in the buffer area and at Ulan area which is situated at the reserve border. To avoid poaching on this apex predator and its preys, extending the more stringent protection measures of the core zone to both the Southern buffer area and land adjacent to Ulan is recommended. | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | SLN @ rakhee @ | Serial | 1660 | ||
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Author | Koshkarev, E.; Vyrypaev, V. | ||||
Title | The snow leopard after the break-up of the Soviet Union | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2000 | Publication | Cat News | Abbreviated Journal | |
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32 | Issue | Pages | 9-11 | |
Keywords | Ussr; Soviet-Union; survival; Extermination; endanger; poaching; Sociology; Russia; snow-leopard; browse; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; ecomomics; politics; herders; unting; trading; furs; pelts; agriculture; 40 | ||||
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Notes | Full text at URLDocument Type: English | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 378 | Serial | 566 | ||
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Author | Pfeil, A.; Lucker, H.; Pfeil, I. | ||||
Title | Leiomyoma in the urinary bladder of a female snow leopard (Uncia uncia, Schreber, 1776) | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2004 | Publication | Tier„rztliche Praxis Kleintiere | Abbreviated Journal | |
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32 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 40-44 |
Keywords | Bladder; captive; diagnostic; Female; german; leopard; origin; snow-leopard; snow-leopards; snow leopard; snow leopards; surgery; therapy; uncia; Uncia-uncia; Uncia uncia; urinary; veterinary; zoo | ||||
Abstract | Summary A leiomyoma of the urinary bladder in a 14-year-old female snow leopard exhibiting bloody vaginal discharge was removed by partial cystectomy. Gravel (struvite) was found in the urine of the inflammatory bladder. Additionally ovario-hysterectomy was performed. Histological findings showed a glandular-cystic hyperplasia. Tumors of the bladder are very rare in cats. Specifically the benign tumors of the bladder very often have no clinical relevance and rarely result in bladder dysfunction. Therefore they might remain undiagnosed in many cases, particularly since the diagnostic procedure in big cats is very extensive. Leiomyoma of the bladder in snow leopards have not been described yet. The present paper describes the surgery performed, the succeeding therapy, the struvit prophylaxis, and discusses the aetiology of the leiomyoma's origin on the basis of current literature. Zusammenfassung Bei einer 14-j„hrigen Schneeleopardin mit blutigem Vaginalausfluss wurde ein Leiomyom der Blase durch partielle Zystektomie entfernt. Im Urin und in der entzndeten Blase konnte Grieá (Struvit) nachgewiesen werden. Gleichzeitig wurde eine Ovariohysterektomie durchgefhrt. Der histologische Befund ergab eine glandul„r-zystische Hyperplasie des Endometriums. Tumoren der Harnblase sind bei Katzen sehr selten. Vor allem benigne Blasentumoren haben oft keine klinische Relevanz und fhren selten zu Blasenfunktionsst”rungen. Es ist daher m”glich, dass sie insbesondere bei Groákatzen wegen der aufwendigen Diagnostik bersehen werden. Leiomyome in der Blase sind beim Schneeleoparden bisher nicht beschrieben. In diesem Artikel werden die durchgefhrte Operation, die folgende Therapie und Struvitprophylaxe beschrieben sowie m”gliche Žtiologien der Entstehung des Leiomyoms anhand der Literatur diskutiert. |
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Notes | In German. Title: Leiomyom in der Blase bei einem weiblichen Schneeleoparden (Uncia uncia, Schreber, 1776). Aus dem Zoologischen Garten Dresden (Direktor: Dr. H. Lcker) und der Tier„rztlichen Klinik Dr. I. Pfeil, Dresden. | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 1055 | Serial | 772 | ||
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Author | Jackson, R. | ||||
Title | Linking Snow Leopard Conservation and People-Wildlife Conflict Resolution, Summary of a multi-country project aimed at developing grass-roots measures to protect the endangered snow leopard from herder retribution | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2000 | Publication | Cat News | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume ![]() |
33 | Issue | Pages | 12-15 | |
Keywords | livestock-depredation; livestock; pastoralists; herders; Pakistan; Nepal; Tibet; Mongolia; India; protected-areas; parks; reserves; refuge; snow-leopard-incentive-program; economics; tourism; pens; corrals; enclosures; trapping; poisoning; killing; cubs; dens; retribution; behavior; predator; prey; Qomolangma; habitat; feces; fecal-analysis; compensation; Dogs; guard-dogs; religion; conservation; browse; depredation; snow; leopard; incentive; program; fecal; analysis; guard; Dog; 4000 | ||||
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Notes | Full Text at URL | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 375 | Serial | 464 | ||
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Author | Sloane, A.; Kelly, C.; McDavitt, S.; Marples, N. | ||||
Title | Big cats in captivity: a quantitative analysis of enrichment | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1998 | Publication | Adv.Etho | Abbreviated Journal | |
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33 | Issue | Pages | 43 | |
Keywords | abnormal-behavior; behavior; captive-animal-care; endangered; threatened-species; zoos; enrichment; abnormal; captive; Animal; care; threatened; species; browse; 1280; study; big; big cats; Cats; cat; zoo; effects; Lions; lion; jaguar; snow; snow leopards; snow leopard; snow-leopards; snow-leopard; leopards; leopard; behaviour; using; activity; activities; change; presence; enclosures; range; scent; cage; horse; hides; management | ||||
Abstract | Studies on three species of big cats at Dublin Zoo have led to firm conclusions about the effects of certain forms of enrichment, some of which will be presented here. Lions, jaguars, and snow leopards were studied over two years and their behaviours quantified using focal animal sampling during selected hours during daylight. By comparison of these activity budgets with and without the enrichments being present, it was possible to identify the exact behavioural changes caused by each enrichment method, and to quantify these changes. In this contribution we present results showing that the presence of a platform in both lion and jaguar enclosures dramatically reduced stereotypic pacing behaviour. We will demonstrate that the effects of short term enrichment devices may have a wide range of effects on behaviours which outlast the presence of the stimulus. For instance scents added to the cage, or food/play items such as horse hides, hidden fish or ice-blocks often reduce pacing and increase resting later in the day, even after the cats have ceased using the enrichment items. This reduction in pacing and increase in resting time often meant that the amount of the enclosure used per hour was actually reduced with the presence of new stimuli, as result opposite to what might have been expected. The results of these studies will be discussed in relation to effective animal management. | ||||
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Notes | WILDLIFE REVIEW ABSTRACTS (“Contributions to the International Symposium on Physiology and Ethology of Wild and Zoo Animals, Berlin, Germany, 7-10 October 1998”; Hofer, Heribert; Pitra, Christian; Hofmann, Reinhold R., editors). | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 349 | Serial | 897 | ||
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