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	Author	Ismaili, R. R. R., Peng, X., Li., Y, Ali, A., Ahmad, T., Rahman, A. U., Ahmad, S., Shi, K.
	Title	Modeling Habitat Suitability of Snow Leopards in Yanchiwan National Reserve, China			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2024	Publication	Animals	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	14	Issue	1938	Pages	1-21
	Keywords	snow leopard; maximum entropy modeling; Yanchiwan National Nature Reserve; species conservation; environmental impact
	Abstract	Snow leopards (Panthera uncia) are elusive predators inhabiting high-altitude and mountainous rugged habitats. The current study was conducted in the Yanchiwan National Nature Reserve, Gansu Province, China, to assess the habitat suitability of snow leopards and identify key environmental factors inducing their distribution. Field data collected between 2019 and 2022 through scat sampling and camera trapping techniques provided insights into snow leopard habitat preferences. Spatial distribution and cluster analyses show distinct hotspots of high habitat suitability, mostly concentrated near mountainous landscapes. While altitude remains a critical determinant, with places above 3300 m showing increased habitat suitability, other factors such as soil type, human footprint, forest cover, prey availability, and human disturbance also play important roles. These variables influence ecological dynamics and are required to assess and manage snow leopard habitats. The MaxEnt model has helped us to better grasp these issues, particularly the enormous impact of human activities on habitat suitability. The current study highlights the importance of altitude in determining snow leopard habitat preferences and distribution patterns in the reserve. Furthermore, the study underscores the significance of considering elevation in conservation planning and management strategies for snow leopards, particularly in mountainous regions. By combining complete environmental data with innovative modeling tools, this study not only improves local conservation efforts but also serves as a model for similar wildlife conservation initiatives around the world. By understanding the environmental factors driving snow leopard distribution, conservation efforts can be more efficiently directed to ensure the long-term survival of this endangered species. This study provides valuable insights for evidence-based conservation efforts to safeguard the habitats of snow leopards amidst emerging anthropogenic pressure and environmental fluctuations.
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rakhee @			Serial	1751
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	Author	Esipov A.V.
	Title	The 56th anniversary of the Chatkal reserve			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	2003	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	15	Issue		Pages	15
	Keywords	Uzbekistan; Chatkal nature reserve; fauna; rare species; snow leopard.; 6610; Russian
	Abstract	Being one of nine nature reserves in Uzbekistan, Chatkal was established in 1947. Its area changed its size and administrative jurisdiction. Foothills adjacent to the nature reserve were long ago inhabited and developed by people. In Middle Ages, the area of juniperous forest reduced considerably because of mining operations. There are rare mammal species in the nature reserve, such as snow leopard, bear, Menzbier's marmot, and six rare bird species
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	Notes	Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Guliston Journal			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 639			Serial	256
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	Author	Freeman, H.
	Title	A preliminary study of the behaviour of captive snow leopards (Panthera uncia)			Type	Book Chapter
	Year	1974	Publication	International Zoo Yearbook	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	15	Issue		Pages	217-222
	Keywords	study; behaviour; captive; snow; snow leopards; snow leopard; snow-leopards; snow-leopard; leopards; leopard; panthera; panthera uncia; Panthera-uncia; uncia; International; zoo
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 1010			Serial	313
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	Author	Kitchener, S.L.; Meritt; Rosenthal, M.
	Title	Observations on the breeding and husbandry of snow leopards, Panthera uncia			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1975	Publication	Int.Zoo Yearbook	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	15	Issue		Pages	212-217
	Keywords	breeding; husbandry; behavior; captivity; zoos; zoo; browse; 3640; Adult; care; biology; growth; mortality; factor; young; snow; snow leopards; snow leopard; snow-leopards; snow-leopard; leopards; leopard; program; park
	Abstract	Describes adult care and breeding biology, and the care, growth, and mortality factors of young snow leopards in a successful breeding program in the Lincon Park Zoo, Chicago, Illinois.
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 31			Serial	535
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	Author	Yu, N.Z.C.; Wang, X.; He, G.; Zhang, Z.; Zhang, A.; Lu, W.; Tang, F.
	Title	A revision of genus Uncia Gray, 1854 based on mitochondrial DNA restriction site maps			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1996	Publication	Acta Theriologica Sinica	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	16	Issue	2	Pages	105-108
	Keywords	taxonomy; uncia; panthera; snow-leopard; snow leopard; browse; 1350; Chinese
	Abstract	The Snow leopard (Panthera uncia) is one of the most threatened wild big cats within its range of distribution, however, the question of its systematic status is a matter of debate. Is it a member of genus Panthera, or is it in its own genus (Uncia)? The analysis of genetic difference at the DNA level may provide useful data to clarify the issue. In the present study, ten hexanucleotide-specific restriction endonucleases were used to evaluate the patterns of mitochondrial DNA variation between the Snow leopard and leopard (P. pardus). The molecular size of mtDNA from the two species was about 16.5 kb. Ten enzymes surveyed 32-34 restriction sites, which corresponded to 192 apprx 204 base pairs, or 1.16% apprx 1.24% of the total mtDNA molecule. A total of 45 restriction sites were mapped; of these sites, twenty-four, which correspond to 53.3% of the total sites, were variable. The sequence divergence between them was 0.075 33, which was undoubtedly in the species-level distinction but did not reach the genus level. Therefore, the Snow leopard should be placed in the genus Panthera rather than in its own ganus. It also seems reasonable to recognize Uncia as a valid subgenus. This conclusion not only support but also supplement the viewpoint of Simpson who treated Uncia as a subgenus within Panthera.
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	Notes	Document Type: Chinese			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 295			Serial	1063
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	Author	Fox, J.L.
	Title	Conflict between predators and people in Ladakh			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1997	Publication	Cat News	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	17	Issue		Pages	18
	Keywords	asia; India; behavior; endangered; threatened-species; mammals; management; predation; public relations; reserves; refuges; parks; wildlife; human-relationships; livestock; sheep; goats; prey; International-Snow-Leopard-Trust; protected-area; Hemis; browse; Islt; International; snow; leopard; trust; public; Relations; Human; relationships; protected; 640
	Abstract	During a six-week period in Hemis National Park, Ladakh, India, snow leopards killed 10 sheep and goats and one leopard gained access to a livestock pen and killed many of the animals inside. Dholes also killed sheep and goats, and a wolf killed a young horse. Residents routinely remove snow leopard cubs from their dens to limit future damage by this species. How to deal with the plight of the people living in the area while still protecting the endangered species are major concerns of the International Snow Leopard Trust, which manages Hemis National Park. lgh.
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	Notes	AUTHOR ADDRESS: Dep. Ecol./Zool., IBG Univ. Tromso, Tromso, Norway, ORIGINAL SOURCE: Snow Leopard News, Autumn 1997 Document Type: English Call Number: WR99-007446			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 309			Serial	310
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	Author	Mishra, C.; Allen, P.; McCarthy, T.; Madhusudan, M.D.; Agvaantserengiin, B.; Prins H.
	Title	The role of incentive programs in conserving the snow leopard			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	2003	Publication	Conservation Biology	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	17	Issue		Pages	1512-1520
	Keywords	Central Asia; community; conservation; herder; incentive program; India; livestock; Mongolia; pastoralists; poaching; retaliatory killing; snow leopard; Uncia uncia
	Abstract	Pastoralists and their livestock share much of the habitat of the snow leopard (Uncia uncia) across south and central Asia. The levels of livestock predation by the snow leopard and other carnivores are high, and retaliatory killing by the herders is a direct threat to carnivore populations. Depletion of wild prey by poaching and competition from livestock also poses an indirect threat to the region's carnivores. Conservationists working in these underdeveloped areas that face serious economic damage from livestock losses have turned to incentive programs to motivate local communities to protect carnivores. We describe a pilot incentive program in India that aims to offset losses due to livestock predation and to enhance wild prey density by creating livestock-free areas on common land. We also describe how income generation from handicrafts in Mongolia is helping curtail poaching and retaliatory killing of snow leopards. However, initiatives to offset the costs of living with carnivores and to make conservation beneficial to affected people have thus far been small, isolated, and heavily subsidized. Making these initiatives more comprehensive, expanding their coverage, and internalizing their costs are future challenged for the conservation of large carnivores such as the snow leopard.
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 904			Serial	693
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	Author	Blomqvist, L.
	Title	First report on the snow leopard studbook (Panthera uncia) and 1976 world register			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1978	Publication	Int.Zoo Yearbook	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	18	Issue		Pages	227-231
	Keywords	panthera uncia; snow leopard; studbook
	Abstract
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	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 954			Serial	142
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	Author	Wegge, P., Shrestha, R., Flagstad, O.
	Title	Snow leopard Panthera uncia predation on livestock and wild prey in a mountain valley in northern Nepal: implications for conservation management			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2012	Publication	Wildlife Biology	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	18	Issue	10.2981/11-049	Pages	131-141
	Keywords	bharal, blue sheep, diet, genetic sampling, naur, Panthera uncia, predation, Pseudois nayaur, scat analysis, snow leopard, wildlife conflict
	Abstract	The globally endangered snow leopard Panthera uncia is sparsely distributed throughout the rugged mountains in Asia. Its habit of preying on livestock poses a main challenge to management. In the remote Phu valley in northern Nepal, we obtained reliable information on livestock losses and estimated predator abundance and diet composition from DNA analysis and prey remains in scats. The annual diet consisted of 42%livestock. Among the wild prey, bharal (blue sheep/ naur) Pseudois nayaur was by far the most common species (92%). Two independent abundance estimates suggested that there were six snow leopards in the valley during the course of our study. On average, each snow leopard killed about one livestock individual and two bharal permonth. Predation loss of livestock estimated fromprey remains in scats was 3.9%, which was in concordance with village records (4.0%). From a total count of bharal, the only large natural prey in the area and occurring at a density of 8.4 animals/km2 or about half the density of livestock, snow leopards were estimated to harvest 15.1% of the population annually. This predation rate approaches the natural, inherent recruitment rate of this species; in Phu the proportion of kids was estimated at 18.4%. High livestock losses have created a hostile attitude against the snow leopard and mitigation measures are needed. Among innovative management schemes now being implemented throughout the species’ range, compensation and insurance programmes coupled with other incentive measures are encouraged, rather than measures to reduce the snow leopard’s access to livestock. In areas like the Phu valley, where the natural prey base consists mainly of one ungulate species that is already heavily preyed upon, the latter approach, if implemented, will lead to increased predation on this prey, which over time may suppress numbers of both prey and predator.
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rakhee @			Serial	1386
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	Author	Desch, C.
	Title	A new species of hair follicle mite (Acari: Demodecidae) from the snow leopard, Panthera uncia (Schreber, 1775) (Felidae)			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1993	Publication	International Journal of Acarology	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	19	Issue	1	Pages	63-67
	Keywords	snow-leopard; mites; mite; zoo; zoos; veterinary; medical; medicine; snow leopard; browse; 1440
	Abstract	A new species of Demodex is described, in all instars, from the rare and endangered snow leopard, Panthera uncia. This represents only the second demodecid from the family Felidae and the first from a wild cat species. The mite specimens were taken from juvenile hosts raised in captivity. Demodex uncii sp. nov. closely resembles Demodex cati.
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	Notes	Document Type: English			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 190			Serial	236
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