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	Author	Jackson, R.; Zongyi, W.; Xuedong, L.; Yun, C.
	Title	Snow Leopards in the Qomolangma Nature Preserve of Tibet Autonomous Region			Type	Conference Article
	Year	1994	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	85-95
	Keywords	Qomolangma; protected-area; parks; preserves; refuge; Nepal; Tibet; China; field-study; blue-sheep; scrapes; sprays; scat; feces; pug-marks; sign; transects; interviews; herders; livestock; predation; predator; traps; trapping; habitat; status; distribution; threats; hunting; pelts; skins; fur; coats; poaching; bones; medicine; Cites; conflict; trade; conservation; management; protected area; protected; area; areas; protected areas; field study; field; study; pug marks; blue; sheep; browse; pug; marks; 3490
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Islt	Place of Publication	Usa	Editor	J.L.Fox; D.Jizeng
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	Full Text at URLTitle, Monographic: Seventh International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: ChinaDate of Copyright: 1994			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 231			Serial	452
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	Author	Jackson, R.
	Title	Second SLIMS Workshop Held			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	1994	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	xii	Issue		Pages
	Keywords	Chitral-Gol; Pakistan; Slims; surveys; research; Project-snow-leopard; teqniques; conflict-resolution; training; browse; 4590
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Islt	Place of Publication	Seattle, WA	Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	Full Text at URLJournal Title: Snowline			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 273			Serial	453
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	Author	Jackson, R.
	Title	Third Slims Workshop held in Mongolia			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	1995	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	xiii	Issue		Pages
	Keywords	Slims; Mongolia; fieldwork; surveys; Project-snow-leopard; Islt; Macne; McCarthy; hunting; conflict; herders; prey; poaching; predation; gobi; browse; 4570
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Islt	Place of Publication	Seattle	Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	Full text at URLJournal Title: Snow Line			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 445			Serial	455
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	Author	Jackson, R.
	Title	People-Wildlife Conflict Management in the Qomolangma Nature Preserve, Tibet			Type	Conference Article
	Year	1998	Publication		Abbreviated Journal	Tibet's Biodiversity: Conservation and Management.Proceedings of a Conference, August 30-September 4
	Volume		Issue		Pages	40-46
	Keywords	conflict; conflict management; management; Qomolangma; nature; preserve; Tibet; primary; Report; conflicts; damage; livestock; livestock depredation; livestock-depredation; depredation; reserve; protected; endangered; endangered mammals; mammals; biodiversity; conservation
	Abstract	The primary objective of this paper is to report on people-wildlife conflicts arising from crop damage and livestock depredation in the Qomolangma Reserve, with special reference to the management of protected and endangered mammals.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Tibet Forestry Department and World Wide Fund for Nature. China Forestry Publishing House.	Place of Publication	China	Editor	Ning, W.; Miller, D.; Zhu, L.; Springer, J.
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title	Tibet's Biodiversity: Conservation and Management.
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	188 pages in proceedings.			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 1013			Serial	461
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	Author	Jackson, R.
	Title	Managing people-wildlife conflict in Tibet's Qomolangma National Nature Preserve			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	1999	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	Qomolangma; livestock; Tibet; predator; predation; prey; protected-areas; parks; reserves; conflict; corrals; pens; depredation; livestock-depredation; browse; livestock depredation; protected; area; areas; protected area; protected areas; 4020
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	Full Text at URLMay 6, 1999Rodney M. Jackson (Author)Contact and Mailing Address: 18030 Comstock Ave,Sonoma, CA 95476Phone (707) 935-3851; Fax 933-9618; E-mail: rodjackson@mountain.org Author's Title: Senior Program Associate for Ecology and Biodiversity Conservation, The Mountain Institute, Dogwood and Main Streets, Franklin, WV 26807; and Conservation Director, International Snow Leopard Trust, Suite 325, 4649 Sunnyside Ave., North, Seattle, WA 98103 Title: Managing people-wildlife conflict in Tibet's Qomolangma National Nature Preserve Key Words: crop damage, wildlife depredation, conflict resolution, Tibet Subject: Managing conflict in protected areasPresentation Type: Oral paper			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 364			Serial	462
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	Author	Jackson, R.
	Title	The Snow Leopard Conservancy, Dedicated to demonstrating innovative, grassroots measures that lead local shepherds to become better stewards of the endangered snow leopard, its prey and habitat			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	2000	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	livestock-depredation; livestock; herders; conflict; Iucn; enclosures; pens; corrals; trap; poison; hunting; behavior; Ladakh; guard-dogs; Dogs; economics; incentives; compensation; depredation; guard; browse; 4060
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	Full Text at URL			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 377			Serial	465
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	Author	Jackson, R.; Wangchuk, R.; Hillard, D.
	Title	Grassroots Measures to Protect the Endangered Snow Leopard from Herder Retribution: Lessons Learned from Predator-Proofing Corrals in Ladahh			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2002	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	snow; leopard; livestock; depredation; herder; conflict; Ladakh; predator; protection; predation; protected; uncia; 4960
	Abstract	Livestock depredation is an increasingly contentious issue across the range of the endangered snow leopard (Uncia uncia). Depredation is most severe in or near protected areas offering core habitat for this cat. “Surplus killing,” in which as many as 100 sheep and goats have been killed in a single night, inevitably results in attempts at retaliatory killing of predators by herders suffering significant loss. Ironically, such predation by snow leopard, wolf, or lynx can be avoided by adequately predator-proofing nighttime enclosures. Predation on the open range is far more difficult to address, but may be reduced to acceptable levels through improved day-time guarding of livestock, educating herders on the importance of protecting the predator's natural prey base, and by providing economic incentives to help offset unavoidable loss. This paper describes community-based initiatives being undertaken in India's Hemis National Park aimed at predator-proofing livestock corrals and encouraging local herders to become more effective stewards of the snow leopard, its prey and habitat. A highly participatory, 4-step process known as Appreciative Participatory Planning and Action (APPA) provides the primary mechanism for assisting communities to develop Action Plans to reduce livestock depredation losses, increase household incomes, and strengthen environmental stewardship. Herders are informed about the Snow Leopard Stewardship program and conditions for a successful outcome. The team, comprised of local people, NGO staff, facilitators and government officials, first identifies the root causes for depredation (Discovery). Under the next phase, Dreaming, participants envision how their village might appear if depredation losses were reduced to acceptable levels, household incomes increased, and snow leopards fully protected. This provides a good basis upon which to collaboratively devise actions for addressing the community's concerns (Design). Delivery involves implementing actions under the overall Action Plan, as well as specific measures that can be acted upon immediately. The community is encouraged to use simple but realistic indicators for monitoring the project's effectiveness. In Lessons Learned to Date, we highlight the importance of providing meaningful community involvement from inception through project implementation and monitoring. The use of APPA greatly increases ownership, communal empowerment and self-reliance, and local people's willingness to protect wildlife. The Snow Leopard Conservancy believes that the most effective conservation actions will be contingent upon (1) establishing direct linkages with biodiversity protection; (2) ensuring reciprocal co-financing and commensurate responsibility from the community; (3) encouraging full participation from all stakeholders irrespective of their gender, age or economic status; and (4) ensuring regular monitoring and evaluation under an agreed-to Action Plan that sets forth the responsibilities, contributions and obligations of each partner.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Islt	Place of Publication	Islt	Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	Title, Monographic: Proceedings of the Snow Leopard Survival SummitPlace of Meeting: Seattle,WA			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 482			Serial	468
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	Author	Xiao, L., Hua, F., Knops, J. M. H., Zhao, X., Mishra, C., Lovari, S., Alexander, J. S., Weckworth, B., Lu, Z.
	Title	Spatial separation of prey from livestock facilitates coexistence of a specialized large carnivore with human land use.			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2022	Publication	Animal Conservation	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	1 - 10
	Keywords	large carnivore; coexistence; prey; niche separation; land use; livestock; human– wildlife conflict; snow leopard.
	Abstract	There is an increasing emphasis in conservation strategies for large carnivores on facilitating their coexistence with humans. Justification for coexistence strategies should be based on a quantitative assessment of currently remaining large carnivores in human-dominated landscapes. An essential part of a carnivore’s coexistence strategy has to rely on its prey. In this research, we studied snow leopards Panthera uncia whose habitat mainly comprises human-dominated, unprotected areas, to understand how a large carnivore and its primary prey, the bharal Pseudois nayaur, could coexist with human land use activities in a large proportion of its range. Using a combination of livestock census, camera trapping and wildlife surveys, across a broad gradient of livestock grazing intensity in a 363 000 km2 landscape on the Tibetan Plateau, we found no evidence of livestock grazing impacts on snow leopard habitat use, bharal density and spatial distribution, even though livestock density was 13 times higher than bharal density. Bharal were found to prefer utilizing more rugged habitats at higher elevations with lower grass forage conditions, whereas livestock dominated in flat valleys at lower elevations with higher productivity, especially during the resource-scarce season. These findings suggest that the spatial niche separation between bharal and livestock, together with snow leopards’ specialized bharal diet, minimized conflicts and allowed snow leopards and bharal to coexist in landscapes dominated by livestock grazing. In recent years, reduced hunting and nomadic herder’s lifestyle changes towards permanent residence may have further reinforced this spatial separation. Our results indicated that, for developing conservation strategies for large carnivores, the niche of their prey in relation to human land-use is a key variable that needs to be evaluated.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rakhee @			Serial	1678
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	Author	Suryawanshi, K. R., Bhatia, S., Bhatnagar, Y. V., Redpath, S., Mishra, C
	Title	Multiscale Factors Affecting Human Attitudes toward Snow Leopards and Wolves			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2014	Publication	Conservation biology	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	00	Issue		Pages	1-10
	Keywords	Canis lupus, carnivore, human–wildlife conflicts, Panthera uncia, wildlife acceptance
	Abstract	The threat posed by large carnivores to livestock and humans makes peaceful coexistence between them difficult. Effective implementation of conservation laws and policies depends on the attitudes of local residents toward the target species. There are many known correlates of human attitudes toward carnivores, but they have only been assessed at the scale of the individual. Because human societies are organized hierarchically, attitudes are presumably influenced by different factors at different scales of social organization, but this scale dependence has not been examined.We used structured interview surveys to quantitatively assess the attitudes of a Buddhist pastoral community toward snow leopards (Panthera uncia) and wolves (Canis lupus). We interviewed 381 individuals from 24 villages within 6 study sites across the high-elevation Spiti Valley in the Indian Trans-Himalaya. We gathered information on key explanatory variables that together captured variation in individual and village-level socioeconomic factors.We used hierarchical linear models to examine how the effect of these factors on human attitudes changed with the scale of analysis from the individual to the community. Factors significant at the individual level were gender, education, and age of the respondent (for wolves and snow leopards), number of income sources in the family (wolves), agricultural production, and large-bodied livestock holdings (snow leopards). At the community level, the significant factors included the number of smaller-bodied herded livestock killed by wolves and mean agricultural production (wolves) and village size and large livestock holdings (snow leopards). Our results show that scaling up from the individual to higher levels of social organization can highlight important factors that influence attitudes of people toward wildlife and toward formal conservation efforts in general. Such scale-specific information can help managers apply conservation measures at appropriate scales. Our results reiterate the need for conflict management programs to be multipronged.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rakhee @			Serial	1417
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	Author	Moheb, Z., Fuller, T. K., Zahler, P. I.
	Title	Snow Leopard – human conflict as a conservation challenge – a review			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2022	Publication	Snow Leopard Reports	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	1	Issue		Pages	11-24
	Keywords	Human wildlife conflict, conflict domains, mitigation schemes, Panthera uncia
	Abstract	Human conflict with large carnivores continues to be a great conservation challenge, and conflict with snow leopards (Panthera uncia) has been studied to understand causes and propose mitigation schemes. While the nature of snow leopard-human conflict is similar in most cases, reported studies have been case- and area-specific with mitigation strategies not necessarily based on a synthesis of relevant literature. We reviewed snow leopard literature published from 1970-2020 to identify the main drivers of human-snow leopard conflict (HSLC) and describe conservation and conflict mitigation strategies commonly employed. Based on 47 relevant peer-reviewed articles, review papers, book chapters, project reports, and other grey literature, we identified four major conflict domains: livestock management-related, socio-economic/human-related, ecological, and policy-related. Most articles suggested more than one conflict mitigation scheme. Three conflict mitigation domains – preventive, supportive, and compensatory – were widely reflected in the snow leopard-human conflict literature. The most commonly reported mitigation schemes included: 1) building or predator-proofing corrals; 2) training shepherds and improving livestock guarding; 3) livestock insurance schemes; 4) compensation for livestock predation; 5) capacity building, education, and awareness programs; and 6) improved breeding and use of guard dogs. Future management efforts need to tailor their approach depending on cultural, economic, and ecological circumstances.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rakhee @			Serial	1708
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