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Author Vyrypaev V.A.
Title Ecologic prerequisites for predatory mammal conservation in the mountain biocenosis of the Issyk-Kul area Type Miscellaneous
Year 1979 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume (up) Issue Pages 18-19
Keywords Kyrgyzstan; predators; snow leopard; preys; threats.; 8550; Russian
Abstract A decreasing number of predatory mammal species is connected with anthropogenic activity. Number of snow leopard is directly dependent on anthropogenic activity. A snow leopard population directly depends on food resources, such as ibex, marmot, rarer – argali and snow-cock in summer, and ibex, roe-deer, and rarer argali in winter.
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Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: The ecologic fundamentals of protection and sustainable use of predatory mammals. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 832 Serial 995
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Author Vyrypaev V.A.
Title The influence of sarcoptosis on the population of Capra sibirica Pall. in Western Tien Shan Type Miscellaneous
Year 1974 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume (up) Vol. II. Issue Pages 292-293
Keywords Uzbekistan; Western Tien Shan; Chatkal nature reserve; sarcoptosis; predators; snow leopard.; 8560; Russian
Abstract Given is data concerning disease (sarcoptosis) of Siberian ibex (Capra sibirica) in Western Tien Shan. The carriers of the disease are adult males of Capra sibirica during distant migrations that as a rule take place in anticipation of snowy winters or owing to human influence. Ibexes are not merely infected with sarcoptosis but perish enmasse from the disease. In the first year the disease strikes down, in the main, migrants – adult males. Predators including snow leopard kill the weakened animals. During the recent five years the density of Carpa sibirica at the Chatkal Mountain-Forest Reservation dropped 2.3-fold as a result of sarcoptosis and owing to the migrations caused by the reduction of the population. Is recommended: 1. Stringent veterinary control at places of possible contacts between infected domestic animals and healthy wild ungulates. 2. Using modern technology migration routes of ungulates should be studied for elaborating effective measures of quarantine.
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Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Proceedings of First Unternational Theriological Congress. Moscow. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 833 Serial 996
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Author Wajrak, A.
Title Snow Leopard Skins in Poland (Polowanie Na Sniezna Pantere) Type Miscellaneous
Year 1994 Publication Abbreviated Journal Gazeta Wyborcza.
Volume (up) Issue Pages
Keywords Russia; Ussr; skins; furs; pelts; poaching; trade; browse; Soviet-Union; soviet union; soviet; union; 3160; information; 920; snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard; skin
Abstract Full Text: In 1991, Dr Andrzej Kruszewicz of the Institute of Ecology of the Polish Academy of Sciences saw a “quite fresh” snow leopard skin on sale by a Russian in a Warsaw market for three million Polish zlotys ($300). A few weeks later he saw another skin in a shop in the centre of Warsaw. In spring 1992, Marcin Waslawski from the Institute of Geography saw a snow leopard skin in the same market for the equivalent of $200. The seller was an Asian from a former Soviet Republic. In summer 1992, Wajrak himself saw a snow leopard skin in a hunters' shop in Warsaw and in winter saw one in the home of a Polish hunter, who said it was a gift from a Mongolian friend. In winter 1994, a student from Britain saw a Polish long coat of snow leopard skins in Bialowieza. Wajrak saw a skin in a Warsaw shop, which the owner said was 15-20 years old; he got it from a Polish diplomat who had been in Mongolia and had three snow leopard skins. The skin was priced at the equivalent of $1,000. Wajrak added that he had been told that it was possible to buy tiger skins from Russians in Poland and he was trying to find one; I have not heard from him since.
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Notes Information from Adam Wajrak of Gazeta Wyboracza (T: 48 2 416 920) 24/4/94. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 268 Serial 1002
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Author Wang, X.; Schaller, G.B.
Title Status of large mammals in Western Inner Mongolia, China Type Journal Article
Year 1996 Publication Journal of East China Normal University (Special Issue of Zoology) Abbreviated Journal
Volume (up) Issue Pages 93-104
Keywords China; Mongolia; Inner-Mongolia; snow leopards; browse; inner; 2930
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Notes Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 292 Serial 1003
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Author Wangchuk, R.; Jackson, R.
Title A Community-based Approach to Mitigating Livestock-Wildlife Conflict in Ladakh, India Type Report
Year 2009 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume (up) Issue Pages 1-9
Keywords community-based; approach; conflict; Ladakh; India; livestock; livestock depredation; livestock-depredation; depredation; snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard; wolf; wolves; Himalayan; region; Jackson; kibber; Kibber Wildlife Sanctuary; wildlife; sanctuary; sanctuaries; loss; us; villagers; predation; establishment; surveys; survey; number; change; Animal; animal-husbandry; husbandry; system; 2000
Abstract Livestock depredation by snow leopard and wolf is widespread across the Himalayan region (Jackson et al. 1996, Jackson and Wangchuk 2001; Mishra 1997, Oli et al 1994). For example, in India's Kibber Wildlife Sanctuary, Mishra (1997) reported losses amounting to 18% of the livestock holdings and valued at about US $138 per household. The villagers claimed predation rates increased after establishment of the sanctuary, but

surveys indicated a dramatic increase in livestock numbers accompanying changes in animal husbandry systems (Mishra 2000).
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Notes Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 1014 Serial 1005
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Author Wharton, D.; Mainka, S.A.
Title Snow leopards, livestock management Type Unsupported: Pamphlet
Year 1986 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume (up) Issue Pages
Keywords snow; snow leopards; snow leopard; snow-leopards; snow-leopard; leopards; leopard; livestock; management; Chinese; global
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Publisher Xinjiang Conservation Fund & International Snow Leopard Trust Place of Publication China Editor
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Notes In Chinese. Supported by the Global Greengrant Fund, www.greengrants.org. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 1082 Serial 1015
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Author Wikramanayake, E.; Moktan, V.; Aziz, T.; Khaling, S.; Khan, A.; Tshering, D.
Title The WWF Snow Leopard Action Strategy for the Himalayan Region Type Miscellaneous
Year 2006 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume (up) Issue Pages 1-21
Keywords behaviour; biodiversity; conservation; ecology; Himalayan; protected area; snow leopard; strategy; Wwf
Abstract As a 'flagship' and 'umbrella' species the snow leopard can be a unifying biological feature to

raise awareness of its plight and the need for conservation, which will benefit other facets of Himalayan

biodiversity as well. Some studies of snow leopards have been conducted in the Himalayan region. But,

because of its elusive nature and preference for remote and inaccessible habitat, knowledge of the

ecology and behaviour of this mystical montane predator is scant. The available information, however,

suggests that snow leopards occur at low densities and large areas of habitat are required to conserve

a viable population. Thus, many researchers and conservationists have advocated landscape-scale

approaches to conservation within a regional context, rather than focusing on individual protected areas.

While the issues are regional, the WWF's in the region have developed 5-year strategic actions and

activities, using the regional strategies as a touchstone, which will be implemented at national levels.

The WWF's will develop proposals based on these strategic actions, with estimated budgets, for use by

the network for funding and fund-raising. WWF also recognizes the need to collaborate and coordinate

within the network and with other organizations in the region to achieve conservation goals in an

efficient manner, and will form a working group to coordinate activities and monitor progress.
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Notes Report 1-23. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 921 Serial 1022
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Author Xu, F.; Ming, M.; Yin, S.-jing; Munkhtsog, B.
Title Autumn Habitat Selection by Snow Leopard (Uncia uncia) in Beita Mountain, Xinjiang, China Type Miscellaneous
Year 2006 Publication Zoological Research Abbreviated Journal
Volume (up) Issue Pages 221-224
Keywords habitat; Habitat selection; selection; snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard; uncia; Uncia uncia; Uncia-uncia; mountain; Xinjiang; China; Chinese; Altay; mountain system; system; 30; transects; transect; surveys; survey; study; area; analysis; primary; factor; 200; 600; Base; valley; Forest; region; south; grazing; status; topography
Abstract Habitat selection of Snow Leopard ( Unica unica) in Beita Mountain of the Altay Mountain system in northeast Xinjiang was conducted from September to October 2004. Six habitat features of 59 sites used by Snow Leopard and 30 random plots were measured by locating 15 transects surveys in the study area . Vanderploge and Scaviaps selectivity index was used to assess Snow Leopardps selection for the different habitat parameters. Principal Component Analysis was used as the primary factor . The results indicated that Snow Leopard preferred the altitude between 2000 – 2 200 m and avoided 2 600 – 3 000 m ; selected cliff base , ridgeline and avoided hillside and valley bottom ; utilized the shrub and rejected the forest ; selected the nongrazing area and avoided the slightly broken region ; preferred north orientation and rejected the south orientation. The results show that grazing status , vegetation type , topography and the ruggedness are the primary factors for the habitat selection of Snow Leopard.
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Notes Full text available in Chinese Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 872 Serial 1039
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Author Yachontov A.A.
Title The cats – Felidae Type Miscellaneous
Year 1970 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume (up) Issue Pages 277-280
Keywords Ussr; Felidae; snow leopard; identification features; life-history; habitats; diet; distribution.; 8580; Russian
Abstract It describes Felidae family species (lion, tiger, leopard, snow leopard, lynx, cheetah): identification features, life-history characteristics, type of habitat, diet and distribution.
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Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Zoology for teacher. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 835 Serial 1042
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Author Yakhontov A.A.
Title Fauna of mountains Type Miscellaneous
Year 1950 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume (up) Issue Pages 60-61
Keywords Uzbekistan; mountains; fauna; mammals; snow leopard.; 8570; Russian
Abstract Ibex, whose population has reduced due to over-hunting, inhabits the alpine meadow zone in Uzbekistan. Ibex had entirely disappeared in some areas. Wild sheep, a common inhabitant of the alpine zone, has drastically decreased in number. Marhur can still be found in the mountains of Kugitang and Babatang. Wild sheep is a common species for the alpine zone. Predator animals such as snow leopard, bear, and sometimes wolf and fox can be found in this zone. A typical inhabitant of highlands is marmot an object of fur-trade.
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Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Uzbekistan. Economic and geographic characteristics. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 834 Serial 1043
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Author Yang, Q.
Title Further study on the geographical distribution and conservation of snow leopard in Qinghai, P.R. China Type Miscellaneous
Year 1992 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume (up) Issue Pages 1-7
Keywords China; conservation; distribution; Qinghai; snow leopard; survey
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Notes Northwest Plateau Institute of Biology, Academia sinica, Xining, Qinghai, P.R. China 810001 Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 920 Serial 1049
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Author Yanushevich A.I.
Title Status of hunting industry in Kyrgyzstan Type Miscellaneous
Year 1969 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume (up) Part. II. Issue Pages 110-113
Keywords Kyrgyzstan; game species; fur-trade; snow leopard.; 8600; Russian
Abstract In Kyrgyz SSR, there are 26 fur animal species, including three acclimatized, six wild ungulate and 70 bird species. They all can serve as objects of commercial and sport hunting. 56 snow leopards, 120 wild boars, 96 roe-deers, 121 ibexes, and 14 argalis were caught 1962 1967. A majority of the animals were exported from the country. The Kyrgyz SSR is one of the main suppliers of snow leopards, hunting for which for the sake of its fur-skin is prohibited.
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Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Proceedings of conference “Capacity and production of game preserves in the USSR”. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 837 Serial 1053
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Author Yanushevich A.I.
Title To be protected by the Red Data Book Type Miscellaneous
Year 1977 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume (up) Issue Pages 37-39
Keywords Kyrgyzstan; Red Data book; birds; mammals; snow leopard.; 8610; Russian
Abstract The Red Data Book of the USSR includes 111 mammal species and 67 bird species. The following species inhabit or from time to time come into Kyrgyzstan: free-toiled bat, Menzbier's marmot, red dog, Tien Shan brown bear, marbled polecat, Central Asia otter, Turkistan lynx, manul, snow leopard, antelope, Tien-Shan wild sheep, and bison; Dalmatian pelican, rose pelican, black stork, flamingo, bar-headed goose, white-headed duck, osprey, short-toed eagle, tawny eagle, imperial eagle, golden eagle, white-tailed eagle, Pallas's sea eagle, bearded vulture, Himallayan griffon, Sociable plover, Saker falcon, Peregrine falcon, great bustard, houbara, little bustard, etc.
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Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Nature and man. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 838 Serial 1054
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Author Yanushevich A.I.
Title Mammals of Kyrgyzstan Type Miscellaneous
Year 1972 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume (up) Issue Pages 377-380
Keywords Kyrgyzstan; snow leopard; taxonomy; distribution; habitats; number; life history characteristics; practical use.; 8640; Russian
Abstract A description of snow leopard, its taxonomy, distribution, habitat, number, behavior, food, reproduction, parasites, infections, and practical importance is given. In Kyrgyzstan, irbis was found in the Chatkal, Kyrgyz, Talas ridges, and Terskei Alatoo. An official annual snow leopard hunting rate ranged from 10 (1955) to 54 skins (in 1936) in 1930-s through 1950-s. 17 snow leopards were caught for the purpose of zoo-export only in 1965-1966. Its skin has no special value and is used by local people for decoration of dwellings and making collars.
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Notes Full text available in Russian Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 841 Serial 1055
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Author McCarthy, T.; Murray, K.; Sharma, K.; Johansson, O.
Title Preliminary results of a long-term study of snow leopards in South Gobi, Mongolia Type Journal Article
Year 2010 Publication Cat News Abbreviated Journal
Volume (up) Autumn Issue 53 Pages 15-19
Keywords snow leopard, Mongolia, monitor, population, Panthera, Snow Leopard Trust, Snow Leopard Conservation Fund, South Gobi, ecology, radio collar, GPS-satellite collar, home range, camera trapping, fecal genetics, occupancy modeling
Abstract Snow leopards Panthera uncia are under threat across their range and require urgent conservation actions based on sound science. However, their remote habitat and cryptic nature make them inherently difficult to study and past attempts have provided insufficient information upon which to base effective conservation. Further, there has been no statistically-reliable and cost-effective method available to monitor snow leopard populations, focus conservation effort on key populations, or assess conservation impacts. To address these multiple information needs, Panthera, Snow Leopard Trust, and Snow Leopard Conservation Fund, launched an ambitious long-term study in Mongolia’s South Gobi province in 2008. To date, 10 snow leo-pards have been fitted with GPS-satellite collars to provide information on basic snow leopard ecology. Using 2,443 locations we calculated MCP home ranges of 150 – 938 km2, with substantial overlap between individuals. Exploratory movements outside typical snow leopard habitat have been observed. Trials of camera trapping, fecal genetics, and occupancy modeling, have been completed. Each method ex-hibits promise, and limitations, as potential monitoring tools for this elusive species.
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Notes Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ Serial 1151
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Author Yanushevich A.I., C.Y.N.
Title Sary Chelek nature reserve Type Miscellaneous
Year 1969 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume (up) Issue Pages 481-485
Keywords Kyrgyzstan; Sary Chelek nature reserve; mammals; birds; reptiles; amphibians; fishes; snow leopard; wild ibex.; 8630; Russian
Abstract It provides data concerning location, climate, landscapes, altitude zoning, flora and fauna of the Sary Chelek nature reserve. Currently in nature reserve recorded 41 mammals, 157 birds, 5 reptiles, 2 amphibians and 5 fishes. Snow leopard, wild ibex, argali and dhole inhabited in alpine zone. Number of ibex is 400 individuals.
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Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Protected areas of Soviet Union. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 840 Serial 1056
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Author Yanushevich A.I., T.Y.S.
Title Mountain animals Type Miscellaneous
Year 1968 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume (up) Issue Pages 84-99
Keywords Kyrgyzstan; highly mountain; insects; birds; mammals; snow leopard; life history.; 8620; Russian
Abstract Fauna of invertebrate and vertebrate species in highlands of Kyrgyzstan is described. Mammals are represented by ibex and mountain sheep, snow leopard, dhole, stone marten, Royle's mountain vole, picas, bear, grey and long-tailed marmot; birds are represented by black and griffon vultures, Egyptian vulture, snow-cocks, chukars, rose finch, swallows, swifts, etc. A brief description of their way of life is given.
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Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Fauna of Kyrgyzstan. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 839 Serial 1057
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Author Yazan Yu.P.
Title The Almaty state nature reserve Type Miscellaneous
Year 1980 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume (up) Issue Pages 162-164
Keywords Kazakhstan; Almaty nature reserve; establishment; climate; physiographic factors; plants; Animals; insects; reptiles; birds; mammals; snow leopard.; 8590; Russian
Abstract History of the Alma-Ata nature reserve establishment, its location physical and geographic data, climate, and vegetation zones are described. Fauna of the protected area is represented by 64 mammal species, and about 200 bird species. Briefly described are behavioural patterns of roe deer, moral, wild boar, Siberian ibex, snow leopard, lynx, brown bear, and marten, and other mammals of the mountainous area.
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Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Nature reserves of the USSR. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 836 Serial 1058
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Author Yudin Yu.
Title A review of history of creation of the Red Book Type Miscellaneous
Year 1983 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume (up) Issue Pages
Keywords IUCN Red Data Book; USSR Red Data book; Uzbek Red Data book; extinct species; rare species; snow leopard; poaching.; 8650; Russian
Abstract A review of history of creation of the Red Book, International Red List, and Red Data Book of the USSR, Red Data Books of Soviet Republics is made. Snow leopard (with a total population of 10 animals) is included in the Red Data Book of the Uzbek SSR as an endangered species. The author gives the examples of careless attitude to plants and animas resulting in decrease of their populations or even extermination.
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Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Newspaper “Ferganskaya Pravda Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 842 Serial 1066
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Author Zahler, P.; Graham, P.
Title War and wildlife: the Afghanistan conflict and its effects on the environment Type Report
Year 2001 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume (up) Issue Pages 1-10
Keywords war; wildlife; Afghanistan; conflict; effects; environment; International; international snow leopard trust; International-Snow-Leopard-Trust; snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard; trust; Islt; environmental; Organization; conservation; endangered; mountain; mountain ecosystem; mountain-ecosystem; ecosystem; approach; local; local people; people; Media; government; public; Report
Abstract The International Snow Leopard Trust (ISLT) is a nonprofit environmental organization dedicated to the conservation of the endangered snow leopard and its mountain ecosystem through a balanced approach that considers the needs of the local people and the environment. As such, we wish to stress that the ISLT does not have a position regarding the present conflict in Afghanistan. However, this organization believes that there are important repercussions regarding this conflict that have yet to be addressed in the media, within government circles, or among the public. This report documents some of these repercussions so that they may be included in the present dialog.
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Publisher International Snow Leopard Trust Place of Publication Seattle Editor
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Notes ISLT special report. Peter Zahler from Wildlife Conservation Society & Peter Graham from ISLT. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 975 Serial 1067
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Author Zakhidov T.Z.
Title Irbis (Felis uncia) Ilvrs Type Miscellaneous
Year 1960 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume (up) Issue Pages 67
Keywords Uzbekistan; snow leopard; taxonomy; distribution; habitats; life history; practical value.; 8660; Russian
Abstract The author provides information about snow leopard taxonomy, distribution, habitat and appearance. Biology of this animal is understudied. Snow leopard is able to make long jumps. It feeds upon ibex, wild sheep, marmots, partridge, and sometimes livestock, but never man. Gestation period is three months, at the end of May female gives birth to two or three cubs. Being very occasional, purchase of skin is of no practical value.
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Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Zoological encyclopedia (Mammals). Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 843 Serial 1068
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Author Zakirov A.
Title Cats Type Miscellaneous
Year 1974 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume (up) Issue Pages 196-198
Keywords Uzbekistan; Ferghana valley; mammals; Cats; snow leopard; distribution.; 8680; Russian
Abstract It describes a fauna complex of the Fergana valley in Uzbekistan. Three cat family species are found there (wild cat, Turkistan lynx and snow leopard). Snow leopard (Uncia uncia) inhabits eastern part of the Chatkal ridge in the mountains of Akchala. Known are cases of snow leopard's preying on sheep in summer but such cases are extremely rare and the harm is negligent. This is a highly endangered species and therefore full prohibition of shooting the animals is required.
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Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Vertebrates in the Ferghana valley. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 845 Serial 1070
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Author Zakirov A.
Title Rare and endangered predatory species in Uzbekistan Type Miscellaneous
Year 1982 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume (up) Issue Pages 47-48
Keywords Uzbekistan; carnivores; endangered species; snow leopard.; 8690; Russian
Abstract There are 20 predatory mammal species in Uzbekistan. Tien Shan brown bear, marbled polecat, lynx, and snow leopard are very rare species, while honey badger, manul and leopard are close to dying-away.
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Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Ecology of mountain mammals. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 846 Serial 1071
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Author Zamoshnikov V.D.
Title Current status of biodiversity of Western Tien Shan Type Miscellaneous
Year 2002 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume (up) Issue Pages 101-108
Keywords Kyrgyzstan; biodiversity; Red Data book; snow leopard.; 8700; Russian
Abstract This paper deals with current status of biodiversity of Western Tien Shan. Just from mammals 6 species: Menzbier's marmot, dhole, Central Asian otter, snow leopard, Turkestan lynx, Tien Shan argali are included in Red dada Book of Kyrgyzstan.
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Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Biodiversity of Western Tien Shan. Status and perspectives. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 847 Serial 1072
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Author Zheengaziev A.
Title Geographical locaton, wild life and relief of Sary-Chelek state biosphere nature reserve and Besh-Aral state nature reserve Type Miscellaneous
Year 2002 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume (up) Issue Pages 7-10
Keywords Kyrgyzstan; Sary Chelek nature reserve; Besh Aral nature reserve; location; relief; flora; fauna; vertebrates; snow leopard.; 8710; Russian
Abstract The territorial description, floristic and faunistic characteristics of Sary-Chelek and Besh-Aral reserves and relief are given. There were registered about 40 species of mammals and 160 species of the birds in Sary-Chelek reserve. Ibex, roe deer, argali, wild boar, brown bear, snow leopard, lynx, porcupine, badger, marmot, hare etc. live here; muskrat, wood marten and American mink are acclimatized. Menzbier's marmot, fox, badger, wolf, brown bear, snow leopard, wild ibex and roe deer inhabited in Besh Aral reserve.
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Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Biodiversity of Western Tien Shan. Planning of an effective using of the ground areas. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 848 Serial 1075
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