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| Author |
Khatiwada, J.R. & Chalise, M.K. |
| Title |
Status of snow leopard and conflict perception in Kangchenjunga Conservation Area, Eastern Nepal |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Nepalese Journal of Zoology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume  |
1 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
1-8 |
| Keywords |
Uncia uncia, Kangchenjunga Conservation Area, livestock depredation, blue sheep |
| Abstract |
Kangchenjunga Conservation Area (KCA) is situated in the Taplejung district at the north-eastern region of Nepal. Livestock keeping is the main activity of people for making a living amidst a conflict with snow leopard (Uncia uncia). Each year snow leopard kills a number of livestock resulting significant economic losses for the poor people living in this remote area. Unless the people – snow leopard conflicts is well understood and appropriate conflict management activities are implemented, the long run co-existence between people and snow leopard –especially the existence of snow leopard in this part of the world–will be in question. This has now become an utmost important as the aspiration of the people for economic development has risen significantly and the area has been open to tourism. Study was done by counting snow leopard signs walking systematically in total 18 snow leopard sign transects covering 18.01 km in length in three sites, i.e. Lonak, Khambachen and Dudhpokhari of the Conservation Area. The average sign density was 12.63/km. The livestock depredation by snow leopard for one year (2005-06) was studied by interviewing the herders to understand the responsible and specific bio-physical and economic factors. The study revealed that sub-adult yaks were mostly hunted by snow leopard. Cattle's' winter (December-April) pastures are most vulnerable sites for predation. Presence of bushes, forest and boulders and rugged mountain crevices make good hides for snow leopard. The study also showed that a lax animal guarding system was significantly responsible for high livestock depredation by snow leopard. Blue sheep was observed by walking in selected trails and from vantage points. A total of 354 individual sheep of different age and sex of 14 different herds were recorded during the study period. The study showed that improvement in livestock guarding system should be adopted as the most important activity. However despite the importance of livestock in the KCA it is still not well understood why the herders neglect for proper livestock guarding. Proper guarding system required in winter pastures to reduce the depredation pressure. |
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English |
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SLN @ rana @ |
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1319 |
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| Author |
Moheb, Z., Fuller, T. K., Zahler, P. I. |
| Title |
Snow Leopard – human conflict as a conservation challenge – a review |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2022 |
Publication |
Snow Leopard Reports |
Abbreviated Journal |
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1 |
Issue |
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Pages |
11-24 |
| Keywords |
Human wildlife conflict, conflict domains, mitigation schemes, Panthera uncia |
| Abstract |
Human conflict with large carnivores continues to be a great conservation challenge, and conflict with snow leopards (Panthera uncia) has been studied to understand causes and propose mitigation schemes. While the nature of snow leopard-human conflict is similar in most cases, reported studies have been case- and area-specific with mitigation strategies not necessarily based on a synthesis of relevant literature. We reviewed snow leopard literature published from 1970-2020 to identify the main drivers of human-snow leopard conflict (HSLC) and describe conservation and conflict mitigation strategies commonly employed. Based on 47 relevant peer-reviewed articles, review papers, book chapters, project reports, and other grey literature, we identified four major conflict domains: livestock management-related, socio-economic/human-related, ecological, and policy-related. Most articles suggested more than one conflict mitigation scheme. Three conflict mitigation domains – preventive, supportive, and compensatory – were widely reflected in the snow leopard-human conflict literature. The most commonly reported mitigation schemes included: 1) building or predator-proofing corrals; 2) training shepherds and improving livestock guarding; 3) livestock insurance schemes; 4) compensation for livestock predation; 5) capacity building, education, and awareness programs; and 6) improved breeding and use of guard dogs. Future management efforts need to tailor their approach depending on cultural, economic, and ecological circumstances.
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1708 |
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Johansson, O., Agvaantseren, B., Jackson, R., Kachel, S., Kubanychbekov, Z., McCarthy, T., Mishra, C., Ostrowski, S., Kulenbekov, R., Rajabi, A. M., Subba, S. |
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Body measurements of free-ranging snow leopards across their range |
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Journal Article |
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2022 |
Publication |
Snow Leopard Reports |
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1 |
Issue |
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Pages |
1-6 |
| Keywords |
Body mass, body size, carnivore, morphology, Panthera uncia |
| Abstract |
We provide body measurements of snow leopards collected from 55 individuals sampled in five of the major mountain ranges within the species distribution range; the Altai, Hindu Kush, Himalayas, Pamirs and Tien Shan mountains. Snow leopards appear to be similarly sized across their distribution range with mean body masses of 36 kg and 42 kg for adult females and adult males, respectively. In contrast to other large felids, we found little variation in body size and body mass between the sexes; adult males were on average 5% longer and 15% heavier than adult females. |
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SLN @ rakhee @ |
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1711 |
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| Author |
Peters, G. |
| Title |
The vocal repertoire of the snow leopard (Uncia uncia, Schreber 1775) |
Type |
Book Chapter |
| Year |
1980 |
Publication |
International Pedigree Book of Snow Leopards |
Abbreviated Journal |
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2 |
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Pages |
137-158 |
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Vocal; snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard; uncia; Uncia uncia; Uncia-uncia; International; pedigree; snow leopards; snow-leopards; leopards |
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Helsinki Zoo |
Place of Publication |
Helsinki |
Editor |
Blomqvist, L. |
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SLN @ rana @ 1090 |
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770 |
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| Author |
Prakash, I. |
| Title |
Asian predators of livestock |
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Journal Article |
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1985 |
Publication |
Parasites, pests and predators.World animal science |
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B2 |
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405-410 |
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predators; asia; snow-leopard; livestock; status; prey; Panthera-uncia; distribution; predator; snow leopard; browse; panthera uncia; panthera; uncia; 870 |
| Abstract |
Outlines the distribution, status and predatory behaviour on livestock of Chinese alligator Alligator sinensis, gharial Gavialis gangeticus and several species of Crocodylus and Python; and of wolf Canis lupus, Asiatic jackal C. aureus, dhole (Indian wild dog) Cuon alpinus, brown bear Ursus arctos, Asiatic black bear Selenarctos thibetanus, striped hyaena Hyaena hyaena, clouded leopard Neofelis nebulosa, leopard (panther) Panthera pardus, tiger P. tigris, lion P. leo, snow leopard P. uncia, other Felidae and Viverridae. -P.J.Jarvis |
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ED: Gaafar,-S.M.; et-al. |
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SLN @ rana @ 84 |
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791 |
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| Author |
Soderlund, V. |
| Title |
Chromosome studies in the snow leopard (Panthera uncia): preliminary report |
Type |
Book Chapter |
| Year |
1980 |
Publication |
International Pedigree Book of Snow Leopards |
Abbreviated Journal |
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2 |
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168-182 |
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Chromosome; Panthera-uncia; panthera uncia; snow leopard |
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Helsinki Zoo |
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Helsinki |
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Blomqvist, L. |
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SLN @ rana @ 983 |
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905 |
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| Author |
Wahlberg, C. |
| Title |
Autopsy findings and causes of death in captive snow leopards (Panthera uncia): a preliminary report |
Type |
Book Chapter |
| Year |
1980 |
Publication |
International Pedigree Book of Snow Leopards |
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2 |
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205-217 |
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Autopsy; Death; captive; snow; snow leopards; snow leopard; snow-leopards; snow-leopard; leopards; leopard; panthera; panthera uncia; Panthera-uncia; uncia; Report; International; pedigree |
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Helsinki Zoo |
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Helsinki |
Editor |
Blomqvist, L. |
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SLN @ rana @ 1095 |
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998 |
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| Author |
Wahlberg, C.; Tarkkanen, A. |
| Title |
On the multiple ocular coloboma with retinal dysplasia (MOC) in snow leopards, Pantera uncia |
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Book Chapter |
| Year |
1980 |
Publication |
International Pedigree Book of Snow Leopards |
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2 |
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183-194 |
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multiple; Coloboma; retinal; Retinal-Dysplasia; dysplasia; snow; snow leopards; snow leopard; snow-leopards; snow-leopard; leopards; leopard; uncia; International; pedigree |
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Helsinki Zoo |
Place of Publication |
Helsinki |
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Blomqvist, L. |
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SLN @ rana @ 1096 |
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999 |
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Pahuja, M., Sharma, R. K. |
| Title |
Wild Predators, Livestock, and Free Ranging Dogs: Patterns of Livestock Mortality and Attitudes of People Toward Predators in an Urbanizing Trans-Himalayan Landscape |
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Journal Article |
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2021 |
Publication |
Frontiers in Conservation Science |
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2 |
Issue |
109 |
Pages |
1-13 |
| Keywords |
Canis lupus, human-wildlife relationships, human-wildlife conflict (HWC), livestock depredation, multiple use landscapes, Panthera uncia, pastoralism, urban wildlife |
| Abstract |
Livestock depredation by large carnivores is a significant source of conflicts over predators and an important conservation and economic concern. Preventing livestock loss to wild predators is a substantial focus of human-carnivore conflict mitigation programs. A key assumption of the preventive strategy is reduction in the livestock losses leading to a positive shift in the attitudes toward predators. Therefore, it is important to quantify the true extent of livestock mortality caused by wild predators and its influence on attitudes of the affected communities. We examined seasonal and spatial patterns of livestock mortality and factors influencing people’s attitudes toward wild predators i.e., snow leopards (Panthera uncia) and wolves (Canis lupus chanco) and free-ranging dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) in a Trans-Himalayan urbanizing landscape in India. We used systematic sampling to select the survey households and implemented a semi- structured questionnaire to respondents. The sampled villages (n = 16) represent a mosaic of urban and agricultural ecosystems within a radius of 40 km of Leh town. In 2016–2017, 93% of the sampled households lost livestock to predators, accounting for 0.93 animals per household per year. However, of the total events of livestock mortality, 33% were because of weather/natural events, 24% by snow leopards, 20% because of disease, 15% because of free-ranging dogs and 9% because of wolves. The annual economic loss per household because of livestock mortality was USD 371, a substantial loss given the average per capita income of USD 270 in the region. Of the total loss, weather/natural events caused highest loss of USD 131 (35%), followed by snow leopards USD 91 (25%), disease USD 87 (24%), free ranging dogs USD 48 (13%), and wolves USD 14 (4%). Despite losing a considerable proportion of livestock (33 %) to wild predators, respondents showed a positive attitude toward them but exhibited neutral attitudes toward free-ranging dogs. Gender emerged as the most important determinant of attitudes toward wild predators, with men showing higher positive attitude score toward wild predators than women. Our findings highlight the context specific variation in human-wildlife interactions and emphasize that generalizations must be avoided in the absence of site specific evidence. |
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SLN @ rakhee @ |
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1667 |
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| Author |
Foose, T.J. |
| Title |
A Species Survival PLan (SSP) for snow leopard, Panthera uncia: Genetic and demographic analysis and management |
Type |
Book Chapter |
| Year |
1982 |
Publication |
International Pedigree Book of Snow Leopards, Vol. 3 |
Abbreviated Journal |
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3 |
Issue |
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Pages |
81-102 |
| Keywords |
analysis; demographic; International; management; Panthera-uncia; pedigree; snow leopard; Species-Survival-Plan; species survival plan; Ssp |
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Helsinki Zoo |
Place of Publication |
Helsinki |
Editor |
Blomqvist, L. |
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SLN @ rana @ 1028 |
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280 |
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