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Author Jackson, R.; Roe, J.; Wangchuk, R.; Hunter, D. url 
  Title Estimating Snow Leopard Population Abundance Using Photography and Capture-Recapture Techniques Type Miscellaneous
  Year 2006 Publication Wildlife Society Bulletin Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 34 Issue 3 Pages 772-781  
  Keywords abundance; camera trapping; capture rates; dentistry; identification; India; photography; snow leopard; Uncia uncia  
  Abstract Conservation and management of snow leopards (Uncia uncial) has largely relied on anecdotal evidence and presence-absence data due to their cryptic nature and the difficult terrain they inhabit. These methods generally lack the scientific rigor necessary to accurately estimate population size and monitor trends. We evaluated the use of photography in capture-mark-recapture (CMR) techniques for estimating snow leopard population abundance and density within Hemis National Park, Ladakh, India. We placed infrared camera traps along actively used travel paths, scent-sprayed rocks, and scrape sites within 16-30 kmý sampling grids in successive winters during January and March 2003-2004. We used head-on, oblique, and side-view camera configurations to obtain snow leopard photographs at varying body orientations. We calculated snow leopard abundance estimates using the program CAPTURE. We obtained a total of 66 and 49 snow leopard captures resulting in 8.91 and 5.63 individuals per 100 trap nights during 2003 and 2004, respectively. We identified snow leopards based on the distinct pelage patters located primarily on the forelimbs, flanks, and dorsal surface of the tail. Capture probabilities ranged from 0.33 to 0.67. Density estimates ranged from 8.49 (SE+0.22) individuals per 100 kmý in 2003 to 4.45 (SE+0.16) in 2004. We believe the density disparity between years is attributable to different trap density and placement rather than to an actual decline in population size. Our results suggest that photographic capture-mark-recapture sampling may be a useful tool for monitoring demographic patterns. However, we believe a larger sample size would be necessary for generating a statistically robust estimate of population density and abundance based on CMR models.  
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  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 912 Serial 476  
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Author Anonymous url 
  Title Indian Wildlife Protection Act Type Miscellaneous
  Year Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords conservation; protection; India; browse; 1840; indian; wildlife  
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  Notes Natraj Publishers, Dehradun, India Date of Meeting: (1992) Date of Copyright: 1992 Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 179 Serial 76  
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Author Green, M.J.B. url 
  Title Protected areas and snow leopards: their distribution and status Type Journal Article
  Year 1987 Publication Tiger Paper Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 14 Issue 4 Pages 1-10  
  Keywords Central Asia; conserve; conserving; distribution; endangered species; network; Panthera-uncia; panthera uncia; protected; protected-area; protected areas; snow leopard; status; protected area; protected-areas; areas; area; snow; snow leopards; snow-leopards; snow-leopard; leopards; leopard; International; symposium; India  
  Abstract Considerable efforts have been devoted to conserving the snow leopard Panthera uncia in recent years, but progress has inevitably been slow due to the difficulties of studying a sparsely distributed, secretive and endangered species in often isolated mountainous terrain. Although knowledge about the species overall distribution in the highlands of Central Asia still remains fragmenatry, it is important to briefly examine all the available information in order to review measures taken to date to conserve the species through the protected areas network. The purpose of this paper is to examine the distribution and status of protected areas inhabited or visited by snow leopard in relation to the species' distribution and highlight deficiences in the present network.  
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  Notes Presented at 5th International Snow Leopard Symposium held in Srinagar, India, from 13-15 October 1986. Also published in conference proceedings. Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 965 Serial 347  
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Author Green, M.J.B. url 
  Title Status, distribution and conservation of the Snow leopard in North India Type Book Chapter
  Year 1982 Publication International Pedigree Book of Snow Leopards Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 7-10  
  Keywords status; India; conservation; distribution; browse; 2150  
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  Notes Volume ID: 3 Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 62 Serial 346  
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Author Government of India url 
  Title The snow leopard conservation scheme Type Report
  Year 1988 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 1-29  
  Keywords conservation; environment; government; India; snow leopard  
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  Notes Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 945 Serial 340  
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Author Fox, J.L.; Nurbu, C.; Chundawat, R.S. url 
  Title The Mountain Ungulates of Ladakh India Type Journal Article
  Year 1991 Publication Biological Conservation Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 58 Issue Pages 167-190  
  Keywords ungulates; predator; prey; Ladakh; India; browse; 1900  
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  Notes Document Type: English Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 180 Serial 298  
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Author Fox, J.; Nurbu, C.; Bhatt, S.; Chandola, A. url 
  Title Wildlife conservation and land-use changes in the Transhimalayan region of Ladakh, India Type Miscellaneous
  Year 1994 Publication Mountain-Research-and-Development. Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 14 Issue 1 Pages 39-60  
  Keywords conservation; India; Ladakh; land use; livstock; protected area; transhimalayan; Transhimalayan-Region  
  Abstract Changes in economy and land use are under way in the Indian Transhimalayan region of Ladakh, creating both negative and positive prospects for wildlife conservation in this sparsely populations and previously remote area. New livestock breeds, irrigation developments, farming practices, foreign tourists, and a large military presence are changing the way people view and use the mountainous land that surrounds them. With only 0.3% of the land currently arable, changes in wildlife and natural resource conservation are most apparent on Ladakh's extensive rangelands which are apparently undergoing a redistribution of use associated with social changes and recently introduced animal husbandry and farming practices. International endangered species such as the snow leopard, several wild ungulates, and the black-necked crane provide special incentive for conservation efforts in what are some of the best remaining natural areas in the mountainous regions to the north of the Himalayan crest. The success of newly created protected areas for wildlife conservation in Ladakh rests on an understanding of the effects of various development directions, a commitment to environmentally sensitive development amid the many competing demands on Ladakh's natural resources, conservation laws appropriate to human needs, and a clear recognition that solutions can be neither directly adaptable from other mountainous areas nor even widely applicable across the Himalayan region.  
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  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 930 Serial 286  
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Author Fox, J.L. url 
  Title A review of the status and ecology of the snow leopard (Panthera uncia) Type Miscellaneous
  Year 1989 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords status; ecology; distribution; browse; behavior; Russia; China; Mongolia; Soviet-Union; Pakistan; India; Nepal; Afganastan; Bhutan; mating; sexual-behavior; research; surveys; scrapes; sprays; habitat; 2050  
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  Notes Full Text at URL Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 137 Serial 294  
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Author Dang, H. url 
  Title The snow leopard and its prey Type Journal Article
  Year 1967 Publication The Cheetal Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 11 Issue Pages 47-58  
  Keywords India; predator; prey; hunting; status; distribution; kills; behavior; predation; habitat; browse; 2330  
  Abstract Discusses distribution and habitat of snow leopard in India. Estimates population of 200-400 in entire Himalayan region. Reports seventeen occasions of observing snow leopards in the wild, one involving the killing of Himalayan thar. Discusses snow leopard hunting methods and food habits, and provides evidence of predation from examination of 17 snow leopard kills.  
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  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 17 Serial 231  
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Author Chundawat, R.S. url 
  Title Ecological Studies of Snow Leopard and its Associated Prey Species in Hemis High Altitude Park, Ladakh (J&K) Type Book Whole
  Year 1992 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 90 pages  
  Keywords India; Ladakh; snow-leopard; predator; prey; herder; blue-sheep; habitat; herders; Hemis; parks; reserves; refuge; protected-area; snow leopard; blue; sheep; browse; protected; area; 980  
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  Corporate Author Thesis Ph.D. thesis  
  Publisher University of Rajasthan Place of Publication Editor  
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  Notes Snow Leopard Trust holds one copyPlace of Publication: Indira Gandhi Centre for Human Ecology, Environmental and Population Studies, University of Rajastan, Jaipur-302 004, IndiaDate of Copyright: 1992 Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 188 Serial 224  
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