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Author Mei, S., Alexander, J. S., Zhao, X., Cheng, C., Lu, Z. url 
  Title Common leopard and snow leopard co-existence in Sanjiangyuan,Qinghai, China Type Journal Article
  Year 2018 Publication Cat News Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue 67 Pages 18-20  
  Keywords  
  Abstract The snow leopard Panthera uncia, classified as Vulnerable by the IUCN, is distributed

across the mountainous areas of 12 countries in South and Central Asia. The common

leopard Panthera pardus, also classified as Vulnerable by the IUCN, has the widest

geographic distribution among all wild cats and inhabits many countries of Africa

and Asia. The common leopard is much bigger than the snow leopard. Sightings of

both species in the same location have recently been reported from the Autonomous

Region of Tibet and Sichuan, China. We conducted a camera trap survey to verify the

presence of these large carnivores using camera traps in Niandu and Yunta villages

of Qinghai province, China. In both areas camera trap stations captured both species,

identifying seven adult snow leopard and four adult common leopard individuals.

Our study provides the first photographic evidence of common leopard presence in

Qinghai province and confirms the co-existence of snow leopards and common leopards

in the Sanjiangyuan National Nature Reserve. A more detailed study will be

conducted to investigate the distribution and interaction of the two species along

Tongtianhe and Zhaqu rivers, Qinghai province, in order to enhance efforts for their

long-term conservation.		  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rakhee @ Serial 1468  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author McCarthy, T.; Murray, K.; Sharma, K.; Johansson, O. url 
  Title Preliminary results of a long-term study of snow leopards in South Gobi, Mongolia Type Journal Article
  Year 2010 Publication Cat News Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Autumn Issue 53 Pages 15-19  
  Keywords snow leopard, Mongolia, monitor, population, Panthera, Snow Leopard Trust, Snow Leopard Conservation Fund, South Gobi, ecology, radio collar, GPS-satellite collar, home range, camera trapping, fecal genetics, occupancy modeling  
  Abstract Snow leopards Panthera uncia are under threat across their range and require urgent conservation actions based on sound science. However, their remote habitat and cryptic nature make them inherently difficult to study and past attempts have provided insufficient information upon which to base effective conservation. Further, there has been no statistically-reliable and cost-effective method available to monitor snow leopard populations, focus conservation effort on key populations, or assess conservation impacts. To address these multiple information needs, Panthera, Snow Leopard Trust, and Snow Leopard Conservation Fund, launched an ambitious long-term study in Mongolia’s South Gobi province in 2008. To date, 10 snow leo-pards have been fitted with GPS-satellite collars to provide information on basic snow leopard ecology. Using 2,443 locations we calculated MCP home ranges of 150 – 938 km2, with substantial overlap between individuals. Exploratory movements outside typical snow leopard habitat have been observed. Trials of camera trapping, fecal genetics, and occupancy modeling, have been completed. Each method ex-hibits promise, and limitations, as potential monitoring tools for this elusive species.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ Serial 1151  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Mazoomdaar, J. url 
  Title Cat Among the People Type Magazine Article
  Year 2011 Publication Open Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue 8 August Pages 40-45  
  Keywords snow leopard, India, Bhatnagar, Chundawat, Nature Conservation Foundation, Hemis, Kibber, Himmel  
  Abstract  
  Address www.openthemagazine.com  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes http://openthemagazine.com/article/nation/cat-among-the-people Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ Serial 1358  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Maming, R. url 
  Title Market prices for the tissues and organs of snow leopards in China Type Journal Article
  Year 2012 Publication Selevinia Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue 20 Pages 119-122  
  Keywords trade; cases; products; prices; bazaars; snow leopards; extinction; Xinjiang  
  Abstract The population of snow leopard (Uncia uncia) is plummeting as waterfall in

the last ten years. The illegal trade of snow leopard products is one of the fatal

factors. The biggest range and the biggest population of snow leopard both are in

China, and the largest trade is also in the country. Through questionnaires and

investigation with informants from 2002 to 2012, a lot of data were collected

through variety ways in different regions. In this paper 387 cases of snow leopard

poaching including smuggling routes, product list, price system and product usages

from Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region were collected for analysis and discussion. In

the face of rapid development in the west of China, the results showed that our

government did not try to protect the snow leopards, and the text of law was

practically useless. International organizations such as WWF, WCS, IUCN, PANTHERA,

SLT & SLN with SLSS were also powerless and helpless to stop snow leopard poaching

and trading. As a result, the fate of the snow leopard is very bad, and this is

worrying.		  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rakhee @ Serial 1395  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author MaMing, R . Feng, Xu. Yun, Cheng et al. url 
  Title Snow Leopards in Xinjiang Type Book Whole
  Year 2013 Publication Science Press Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 1-588  
  Keywords Snow Leopards, China  
  Abstract The snow leopard Uncia uncia is a globally endangered species, occurring in China and 11

neighboring countries, with a total population of 3500-7000 individuals. China is very important

for Snow Leopards, as it contains both the more than half of the distribution area and the largest

remaining population. However, like other big cats, the density is very low, perhaps less than 1

individual per 100 square kilometers in the western mountains of China. This book first reviewed

ten years of research by Xinjiang Snow Leopard Team (XSLT), and it contains over 300 figures

including maps, illustrations, pictures and photos, 46 tables as well as more than a thousand

references and 1100 key words in the index.

In the past ten years, XSLT has received much support and funding from the Snow Leopard

Trust (SLT) and the Xinjiang Conservation Fund (XCF). In this regard, the Chinese government

has not yet given one cent to support the Xinjiang Snow Leopard Project. Our situation is very

difficult indeed, and it is hoped that this book will inspire future government support.

There are many topics discussed in this work including a decade of successes or failures with

the Snow Leopard Survival Strategy (SLSS from 2002 to 2012). The authors also present findings

from every International Snow Leopard Conference (1978-2008), the stories of 14 experts, the big

events of conservation and research (1776-2012), and many questions for future research in the

appendix. This is the first work about snow leopards in China. It is a popular scientific book that

covers snow leopard monitoring, research, conservation and management, and it could also be

very helpful to nature reserve staff and scientists as well as students, teachers, outdoor explorers,

volunteers and cat lovers.

The book contains the following: preface, table of contents (in English), and chapters on the

ancient records of snow leopards; their place in the family of big cats; research methods and field

logs for snow leopards; their population size and distribution in China; biological knowledge,

conservation and management of snow leopards; their presence in zoos; Nature Reserves in

Xinjiang, the experiences of snow leopard conservation in other countries; appendix; index; and

afterword (ISBN 978-7-03-036723-5, the book was published in March 2013 with total of 616

pages and approximately 0.77 million Chinese words, price: RMB 145.00 Yuan).		  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rakhee @ Serial 1390  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Ming, M. Feng, Xu. Yun, Cheng et al. url 
  Title Snow Leopards in Xinjiang Type Book Whole
  Year 2013 Publication Science Press Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 1-588  
  Keywords Snow Leopards, China  
  Abstract The snow leopard Uncia uncia is a globally endangered species, occurring in China and 11

neighboring countries, with a total population of 3500-7000 individuals. China is very important

for Snow Leopards, as it contains both the more than half of the distribution area and the largest

remaining population. However, like other big cats, the density is very low, perhaps less than 1

individual per 100 square kilometers in the western mountains of China. This book first reviewed

ten years of research by Xinjiang Snow Leopard Team (XSLT), and it contains over 300 figures

including maps, illustrations, pictures and photos, 46 tables as well as more than a thousand

references and 1100 key words in the index.

In the past ten years, XSLT has received much support and funding from the Snow Leopard

Trust (SLT) and the Xinjiang Conservation Fund (XCF). In this regard, the Chinese government

has not yet given one cent to support the Xinjiang Snow Leopard Project. Our situation is very

difficult indeed, and it is hoped that this book will inspire future government support.

There are many topics discussed in this work including a decade of successes or failures with

the Snow Leopard Survival Strategy (SLSS from 2002 to 2012). The authors also present findings

from every International Snow Leopard Conference (1978-2008), the stories of 14 experts, the big

events of conservation and research (1776-2012), and many questions for future research in the

appendix. This is the first work about snow leopards in China. It is a popular scientific book that

covers snow leopard monitoring, research, conservation and management, and it could also be

very helpful to nature reserve staff and scientists as well as students, teachers, outdoor explorers,

volunteers and cat lovers.

The book contains the following: preface, table of contents (in English), and chapters on the

ancient records of snow leopards; their place in the family of big cats; research methods and field

logs for snow leopards; their population size and distribution in China; biological knowledge,

conservation and management of snow leopards; their presence in zoos; Nature Reserves in

Xinjiang, the experiences of snow leopard conservation in other countries; appendix; index; and

afterword (ISBN 978-7-03-036723-5, the book was published in March 2013 with total of 616

pages and approximately 0.77 million Chinese words, price: RMB 145.00 Yuan).		  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rakhee @ Serial 1391  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Mallon, D. url 
  Title Trophy Hunting of Cites-Listed Species in Central Asia Type Report
  Year 2013 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords  
  Abstract Executive Summary:

The report is part of a project aiming to strengthen capacities to implement CITES, especially in

Central Asia and to satisfy the CITES&#8208;related requirements of trading partners, to prevent

overexploitation and to ensure legal international trade in wild fauna and flora does not exceed

sustainable levels. The objective is to enhance the policies and regulations concerning trophy

hunting in selected range States of the Argali Ovis ammon: Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, the Russian

Federation, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan and to provide a framework for the establishment of

sustainable hunting programmes that support conservation. This report is focused on the relevance

of trophy hunting for conservation and associated local livelihoods.

Sustainable use of biological diversity is an integral part of the Convention on Biodiversity (1992) and

is seen as a valuable tool in conserving biological diversity. The Addis Ababa Principles and Guidelines

(AAPG) set out the basis for sustainable use of natural resources. The IUCN SSC1 Guiding Principles on

Trophy Hunting as a Tool for Creating Conservation Incentives, and the European Charter on Hunting

and Biodiversity provide further guidance on the sustainability of trophy hunting, including on highly

threatened species. The International Council for Game and Wildlife Conservation (CIC) together

with the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) has also developed Best

Practice Guidelines for trophy hunting.

All five project countries are Parties to CITES, except Tajikistan, which has begun the accession

process. Argali are the focus of the trophy hunting in the region and they represent the most

expensive trophy in the five project countries. Other CITES&#8208;listed hunting species are Brown Bear

Ursus arctos, Wolf Canis lupus, Musk Deer Moschus moschiferus, Eurasian Lynx Lynx lynx (all mainly

in Russia) and Houbara Bustard Chlamydotis undulata. Markhor Capra falconeri and Urial Ovis

orientalis have also been hunted at times but are not the object of regular trophy hunting

programmes at present. Other widely hunted species are not listed in the CITES Appendices.

A recent analysis by TRAFFIC of the CITES trade database showed that 10 245 hunting trophy items

from species listed in the CITES Appendices were exported from the project countries between 2000

and 2010. Almost all trophy items consisted of Argali, Brown Bear and Wolf. Most were exported

from Russia (9473 trophies), with smaller numbers from Tajikistan (705), Kyrgyzstan (668), and

Kazakhstan (126), and 13 from Uzbekistan.

In the region, wildlife is generally the property of the State, which awards rights to use it to

individuals or other entities. National legislation covering hunting and wildlife protection may refer

to sustainable use but this is undefined. The legal rights of local communities are also not generally

specified. FAO and CIC produced a review of national legislation that set out in detail the basic

principles of sustainable wildlife management laws (2008). One of the main findings was that

legislative frameworks in the region frequently consisted of different legal instruments that were not

always harmonized and sometimes overlapped. In some cases, there was also a lack of institutional

clarity, with overlapping jurisdictions among different agencies.

Poaching for meat and trophies or commercial products is a significant factor across the whole

region, negatively affecting all the main hunting species, as well as protected species. Wild

populations have been reduced, sometimes drastically so. Poaching of Argali and other mountain

ungulates may be carried out by military or border personnel and is not restricted to areas outside

formal nature reserves: indeed, law enforcement and protected area staff are sometimes complicit

in illegal hunting, driven in part by the very low salaries. There are numerous recent examples of

poaching and illegal trade in trophies of CITES&#8208;listed species. The actual level of illegal off&#8208;take is

unknown. Known cases may represent a very small fraction of the real total. The wildlife

conservation sector is under&#8208;resourced across the region with a lack of funding, trained personnel,

transport and other equipment severely limiting the effectiveness of anti&#8208;poaching efforts.

Memoranda of Understanding under the Convention on Migratory Species (CMS MoUs) and their

associated action plans for Saiga Saiga tatarica and Bukhara Deer Cervus elaphus bactrianus have

proven to be effective instruments in facilitating species recovery. A CMS Single Species Action Plan

for Argali is in preparation (Roettger & Singh, in prep) and will provide a framework for conservation.

Trophy hunting in the region is predominantly organized on a commercial basis. Community&#8208;based

hunting initiatives in the region are in their infancy and face some legal and institutional obstacles.

There are however promising developments: for example, five community&#8208;based NGOs in Tajikistan

are managing wildlife in legally assigned areas and three of them have hosted hunting clients (on

non&#8208;CITES species). Well&#8208;developed community&#8208;based trophy hunting programmes operate in

Pakistan, targeted at Markhor Capra falconeri which is listed in CITES Appendix I, and in Namibia,

which is widely seen as a leader in such programmes, and while the specific conditions and sociopolitical

background of both differ in several ways from those in the region, they nonetheless

provide instructive guidance on the principles of successful community conservancy organization.

There is an extensive literature on trophy hunting, its potential to contribute to conservation of

biodiversity and local livelihoods, and the potential negative effects of selective harvesting on

species. The consensus view seems to be that selective harvest of trophy&#8208;age males does not impact

negatively in the short term, if only a low proportion of the available trophy&#8208;age individuals are

harvested, but uncontrolled harvest can lead to a decline in horn size and thus trophy quality, as well

as have negative demographic effects. Trophy hunting programmes raise substantial revenues in

some African countries, and in the best cases significant sums are received at community or

conservancy level. However, this is not universally the case and inequitable benefit sharing remains

a major challenge to be overcome. Good governance is an essential requirement when developing

hunting and other forms of community based management initiative.

A possible decline in size of Argali trophies in Kyrgyzstan has been reported and determining

whether this is actually the case, and the causes, is a priority. Standardized monitoring, involvement

of independent experts, transparency in quota setting and allocation of licences are all seen as

prerequisites of well&#8208;managed and sustainable hunting operations. Allocation of long&#8208;term leases for

concessions is needed to motivate managers to invest in anti&#8208;poaching and other conservation

measures and remove the temptation for short&#8208;term profit that threatens the sustainability of the

resource.

Developing all forms of Community&#8208;based Natural Resource Management (CBNRM) – trophy hunting

and tourism – is also recommended. As the concept is still new to many parts of the region, and the

legal&#8208;political background is not always sympathetic, building on examples of existing community

conservancies (in Tajikistan) or where there is an administrative basis for local management of

resources (Kyrgyzstan), is likely to be effective. Ensuring that communities and conservancies are

legally empowered to manage and utilise wildlife and to receive revenues for such use is a basic

requirement.

Recommendations on good practice are set out in several publications and salient points relevant to the region are highlighted.		  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rakhee @ Serial 1415  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Mallon, D., Kulikov, M. url 
  Title Transboundary Snow Leopard Conservation in Central Asia: Report of the FFI/CMS Workshop, 1-2 December 2014 Type Report
  Year 2015 Publication Fauna & Flora International Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author In Partnership with Convention on Migratory Species Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rakhee @ Serial 1419  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Mallon, D. P., Jackson, R. M. url 
  Title A downlist is not a demotion: Red List status and reality Type Journal Article
  Year 2017 Publication Oryx Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 1-5  
  Keywords Cryptic, IUCN Red List, Panthera uncia, population estimate, snow leopard, species assessment  
  Abstract Assessments of biodiversity status are needed to

track trends, and the IUCN Red List has become the accepted

global standard for documenting the extinction

risk of species. Obtaining robust data on population size is

an essential component of any assessment of a species&#65533; status,

including assessments for the IUCN Red List. Obtaining

such estimates is complicated by methodological and

logistical issues, which are more pronounced in the case of

cryptic species, such as the snow leopard Panthera uncia.

Estimates of the total population size of this species have,

to date, been based on little more than guesstimates, but a

comprehensive summary of recent field research indicates

that the conservation status of the snow leopard may be

less dire than previously thought. A revised categorization,

from Endangered to Vulnerable, on the IUCN Red List was

proposed but met some opposition, as did a recent, similar

recategorization of the giant panda Ailuropoda melanoleuca.

Possible factors motivating such attitudes are discussed.

Downlisting on the IUCN Red List indicates that the species

concerned is further from extinction, and is always to be

welcomed, whether resulting from successful conservation

intervention or improved knowledge of status and trends.

Celebrating success is important to reinforce the message

that conservation works, and to incentivize donors.		  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rakhee @ Serial 1460  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Maheshwari, A., Sharma, D. url 
  Title Snow leopard conservation in Uttarakhand and Himachal Pradesh Type Report
  Year 2010 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 1-70  
  Keywords Himalayan, Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh, WWF-India, survey, India  
  Abstract The Greater and Trans Himalayan regions of Uttarakhand and Himachal Pradesh have great potential in terms of wildlife (flora and fauna). This survey was the first ever survey for the snow leopard in Uttarakhand and some of the areas of Himachal Pradesh till date. It confirms the presence of snow leopard in Uttarakhand on the basis of indirect evidence. We could not find any evidence of snow leopard from surveyed areas in Himachal Pradesh – but it certainly does not mean that there are no snow leopards in the surveyed areas.

Areas above 3000m elevation were selected for this survey in 10 protected areas of both the states. Status and distribution of snow leopard was assessed through indirect evidence (n=13) found between 3190 and 4115m. On average, one indirect evidence of snow leopard was found for every 39km walked. About 39% of the evidence was found on the hill-slope followed by valley floor (30%), cliff (15%) and 8% from both stream bed and scree slope. Preferred mean slope was 28° (maximum 60°). Snow leopard-human conflicts were assessed through questionnaire surveys from Govind Pashu Vihar, Askot Wild Life Sanctuary and Dung (Munsiari) areas. They revealed that livestock depredation is the only component of conflict and contributed to 36% of the total diet (mule, goat and sheep) of snow leopard. Blue sheep and rodents together comprised 36.4% of the total diet.		  
  Address  
  Corporate Author WWF-India, New Dehli Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes January 2010. Species Conservation Programme. Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ Serial 1094  
Permanent link to this record
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