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	Author	Schaller, G.B.
	Title	Status of large mammals in the Taxkorgan Reserve, Xinjiang, China			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1987	Publication	Biological-Conservation	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	42	Issue	1	Pages	53-71
	Keywords	Marco-Polo; sheep; Ovis-ammon-poli; Asiatic; ibex; Capra-ibex; blue-sheep; Pseudois-nayaur; snow; leopard; Panthera-uncia; wolf; Canis-lupus; brown; bear; Ursus-arctos; marmot; survey; status; China; Taxkorgan; reserve; capra ibex; snow leopard; blue; browse; marco polo; ovis; ammon; poli; capra; pseudois nayaur; panthera; uncia; canis; lupus; ursus arctos; 880
	Abstract	A status survey of large mammals was conducted in the W half of 14 000 km“SUP 2” Taxkorgan Reserve. Only one viable population of fewer than 150 Marco Polo sheep Ovis ammon poli survives; it appears to be augmented by adult males from Russia and Afghanistan during the winter rut. Asiatic ibex Capra ibex occur primarily in the western part of the reserve and blue sheep Pseudois nayaur – the most abundant wild ungulate – in the E and SE parts. The 2 species overlap in the area of contact. Counts revealed an average wild ungulate density of 0.34 animals km“SUP -2”. Snow leopard Panthera uncia were rare, with possibly 50-75 in the reserve, as were wolves Canis lupus and brown bear Ursus arctos. The principal spring food of snow leopard was blue sheep (60%) and marmot (29%). Local people have greatly decimated wildlife. Overgrazing by livestock and overuse of shrubs for fuelwood is turning this arid steppe habitat into desert. -from Authors
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
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	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	Full Text Available at URLDocument Type: English			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 100			Serial	866
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	Author	Schaller, G.B.; Tserendeleg, J.; Amarsana, G.
	Title	Observations on snow leopards in Mongolia			Type	Conference Article
	Year	1994	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	33-42
	Keywords	Mongolia; gobi; Altay; Altai; survey; surveys; habitat; scrapes; markings; feces; spray; distribution; status; park; parks; reserve; reserves; refuge; activity; conservation; home-range; protected-areas; movements; predator; prey; diet; livestock; herders; ibex; argali; hunting; poaching; trapping; killing; browse; home range; protected areas; protected; 2710
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Islt	Place of Publication	Usa	Editor	J.Fox; D.Jizeng
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
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	Notes	Full Text at URLTitle, Monographic: Proceedings of the Seventh International Snow Leopard Symposium. International Snow Leopard TrustPlace of Meeting: ChinaDate of Copyright: 1994			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 258			Serial	870
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	Author	Tserendeleg, J.
	Title	On Protection and Survey of Snow Leopards in Mongolia			Type	Conference Article
	Year	1994	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	43-46
	Keywords	Mongolia; transects; survey; habitat; conservation; distribution; irbis; herders; Altay; Altai; predator; prey; ibex; argali; hunting; pelts; skins; furs; coats; killing; behavior; activity; scrapes; feces; scat; sprays; mating; breeding; gestation; Pregnancy; browse; Macne; blood-sucking; poison; Blood; sucking; 2890
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Islt	Place of Publication	Usa	Editor	J.L.Fox; D.Jizeng
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	Full text at URLTitle, Monographic: Seventh International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: ChinaDate of Copyright: 1994			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 259			Serial	970
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	Author	Yanfa, L.
	Title	Snow leopard distribution, purchase locations and conservation in Qinghai Province, China			Type	Conference Article
	Year	1994	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	65-72
	Keywords	conservation; Qinghai; China; scat; spray; kills; interviews; hunting; hunters; tracks; tracking; habitat; distribution; prey; livestock; blue-sheep; behavior; collection; blue; sheep; browse; 3400
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Islt	Place of Publication	Usa	Editor	J.L.Fox; D.Jizeng
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	Full Text at URLTitle, Monographic: Seventh International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: ChinaDate of Copyright: 1994			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 260			Serial	1047
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	Author	Yanushevich A.I.
	Title	Mammals of Kyrgyzstan			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	1972	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	377-380
	Keywords	Kyrgyzstan; snow leopard; taxonomy; distribution; habitats; number; life history characteristics; practical use.; 8640; Russian
	Abstract	A description of snow leopard, its taxonomy, distribution, habitat, number, behavior, food, reproduction, parasites, infections, and practical importance is given. In Kyrgyzstan, irbis was found in the Chatkal, Kyrgyz, Talas ridges, and Terskei Alatoo. An official annual snow leopard hunting rate ranged from 10 (1955) to 54 skins (in 1936) in 1930-s through 1950-s. 17 snow leopards were caught for the purpose of zoo-export only in 1965-1966. Its skin has no special value and is used by local people for decoration of dwellings and making collars.
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	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
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	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
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	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	Full text available in Russian			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 841			Serial	1055
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	Author	Zakhidov T.Z.
	Title	*Irbis (Felis uncia) Ilvrs*			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	1960	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	67
	Keywords	Uzbekistan; snow leopard; taxonomy; distribution; habitats; life history; practical value.; 8660; Russian
	Abstract	The author provides information about snow leopard taxonomy, distribution, habitat and appearance. Biology of this animal is understudied. Snow leopard is able to make long jumps. It feeds upon ibex, wild sheep, marmots, partridge, and sometimes livestock, but never man. Gestation period is three months, at the end of May female gives birth to two or three cubs. Being very occasional, purchase of skin is of no practical value.
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	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
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	Notes	Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Zoological encyclopedia (Mammals).			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 843			Serial	1068
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	Author	Zakhidov T.Z.Meklenburtsev R.N., B.O.P.
	Title	*Snow leopard Uncia uncia* Schreb. Distribution of fauna elements over Central Asia**			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	1971	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	Vol. 2. Vertebrate animals.	Issue		Pages	234-235
	Keywords	Central Asia; snow leopard; distribution; preys; behavior; practical value.; 8670; Russian
	Abstract	Snow leopard inhabits the mountainous ecosystems from Tarbagatai to Hissar and Pamir. It feeds upon large animals such as ibex, argali, roe deer, and sometimes domestic sheep, rodents, and birds (most frequently snow cock). The skin of this animal is not of significant value and is rarely an item of trade. In many countries, zoos will readily buy snow leopards. There is no danger for a man to catch snow leopard since even being wounded during a hunt, the animal would never attack the man. An encounter with snow leopard in the mountains will always end safely for human being, as it is always first to spot a man and go away unnoticed.
	Address
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	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
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	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
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	Notes	Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Nature and fauna of Central Asia.			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 844			Serial	1069
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	Author	Zhirnov L.V.
	Title	Rare and endangered species of the USSR			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	1978	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	91-94
	Keywords	Ussr; snow leopard; distribution; number; practical use.; 8740; Russian
	Abstract	A description of snow leopard number, distribution, reproductive biology, death reasons, and conservation measures in the USSR, where northern and north-western border of its habitat runs, is given. The population of snow leopard in the USSR is 500 1,000 animals. In the Inner Tien Shan, 400 snow leopards were caught 1936 through 1970. The maximum of 120 skins was purchased in Pamir in 1956 1958. Population of snow leopard directly correlates with population of ibex, a fact being verified by data collected on a long-term basis. Moreover, snow leopard was for a long time considered as a harmful animal, shooting of which was encouraged by premiums and resulted in reduction of snow leopard population.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
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	Notes	Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Mammals and birds.			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 851			Serial	1080
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	Author	Sharma, R. K., Sharma, K., Borchers, D., Bhatnagar, Y. V., Suryawanshi, K. S., Mishra, C.
	Title	Spatial variation in population-density, movement and detectability of snow leopards in 2 a multiple use landscape in Spiti Valley, Trans-Himalaya			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2020	Publication	bioRxiv	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	Co-existence; land sharing; population-density; spatial capture recapture; Pseudois nayaur Capra sibirica; ungulates; livestock.
	Abstract	The endangered snow leopard Panthera uncia occurs in human use landscapes in the mountains of South and Central Asia. Conservationists generally agree that snow leopards must be conserved through a land-sharing approach, rather than land-sparing in the form of strictly protected areas. Effective conservation through land-sharing requires a good understanding of how snow leopards respond to human use of the landscape. Snow leopard density is expected to show spatial variation within a landscape because of variation in the intensity of human use and the quality of habitat. However, snow leopards have been difficult to enumerate and monitor. Variation in the density of snow leopards remains undocumented, and the impact of human use on their populations is poorly understood. We examined spatial variation in snow leopard density in Spiti Valley, an important snow leopard landscape in India, via spatially explicit capture recapture analysis of camera trap data. We camera trapped an area encompassing a minimum convex polygon of 953 km . We estimated an overall density of 0.49 (95% CI: 0.39-0.73) adult snow leopards per 100 km . Using AIC, our best model showed the density of snow leopards to depend on wild prey density, movement about activity centres to depend on altitude, and the expected number of encounters at the activity centre to depend on topography. Models that also used livestock biomass as a density covariate ranked second, but the effect of livestock was weak. Our results highlight the importance of maintaining high density pockets of wild prey populations in multiple use landscapes to enhance snow leopard conservation.
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	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
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	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1620
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