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Author |
Green, M. |
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Title |
A check-list and some notes concerning the mammlas of the Langtang National Park, Nepal |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1981 |
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Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society |
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78 |
Issue |
1 |
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77-87 |
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snow leopard, Langtang National Park, Nepal |
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SLN @ rana @ |
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1227 |
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Author |
Gronberg, E. |
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Title |
Movement patterns of snow leopard (Panthera uncia) around kills based on GPS location clusters |
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2011 |
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Keywords |
snow leopard, Panthera, Mongolia, Snow Leopard Trust, predator, prey, kill, behavior |
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Abstract |
Research concerning movement patterns of wild animals has been advancing since GPS technology arrived. But studying the snow leopard (Panthera uncia) is still difficult because of the harsh territory it inhabits in Central Asia. This study took place in south Gobi, Mongolia, and aimed to estimate the time spent at kills and the maximum distance away from kills between visits. Snow leopards were monitored with GPS collars that took a location every five or seven hours. Potential kill sites were established by identifying clusters of GPS-locations in ArcGIS and visited in the field for confirmation. ArcGIS was used to calculate the distance between cluster and GPS-locations. I used two buffer zones (100 m and 500 m radius) to define the time snow leopards spent at kills. It was found that snow leopard age and prey category affected time spent at kills and also that snow leopard sex together with prey category affected the maximum distance moved away from kills between visits. Season had no significant effect on either time at kills or distance moved away from kills between visits. Snow leopards spent on average 3.2 days at their kills in the 100 m buffer zone and 3.5 days at their kills in the 500 m buffer zone. Subadults stayed longer at kills than adults and animals of both age categories spent longer time on larger prey. The mean maximum distance moved away from kills between visits was 179 m in the 100 m buffer zone and 252 m in the 500 m buffer zone. Female snow leopards moved further away from kills between visits than male snow leopards. Both the number of days spent on kills and maximum distance moved away from kills between visits increased when kills consisted of more than one animal. This study has provided some basic information on snow leopard behaviors around their kills but also highlights the need to monitor more snow leopards before more solid conclusions can be drawn as this study was based on based on a relatively small sample. |
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Master's thesis |
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Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources and Agricultural Sciences, Department of Ecology, Grimsö Wildlife Research Station |
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SLN @ rana @ |
Serial |
1301 |
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Author |
Hall, P.M., Cox, J.H. |
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Title |
Additional range inhabted by bharal (Pseudois nayaur) and snow leopard (Panthera uncia) in Nepal |
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Report |
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Year |
1978 |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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1-5 |
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Keywords |
snow leopard, Nepal, bharal |
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SLN @ rana @ |
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1221 |
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Author |
Hansen, J. |
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Title |
The snow leopard study, part one |
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Miscellaneous |
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Year |
1980 |
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7 |
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Keywords |
snow leopard, captivity, Brookfield Zoo, behavior |
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SLN @ rana @ |
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1212 |
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Author |
Hanson, J. H., Schutgens, M., Lama, R.P., Aryal, A., Dhakal, M. |
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Title |
Local attitudes to the proposed translocation of blue sheep Pseudois nayaur to Sagarmatha National Park, Nepal |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2018 |
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Fauna & Flora International |
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1-7 |
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Keywords |
Attitudes, blue sheep, human&wildlife conflict, Panthera uncia, Pseudois nayaur, Sagarmatha National Park, snow leopard, translocation |
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Abstract |
Translocations are an important tool for the conservation
of biodiversity, but although ecological feasibility
studies are frequently conducted prior to implementation,
social feasibility studies that consider how local communities
perceive such projects are less common. The translocation
of blue sheep Pseudois nayaur to Sagarmatha National
Park, Nepal, has been proposed, to reduce livestock depredation
by snow leopards Panthera uncia by providing an alternative
prey base in addition to the small population of
Himalayan thar Hemitragus jemlahicus. This study used
systematic sampling, a quantitative questionnaire and qualitative
interviews within the Park to provide data on the social
viability of the proposed translocation. Quantitative
analysis revealed moderate levels of support but qualitative
analysis suggested that there are significant concerns about
the proposal. In addition,multiple regression analysis found
that women and livestock owners were significantly less
supportive, although the model had low explanatory
power. Potential crop damage and competition for forage
were frequently cited as concerns, especially amongst
those with a high level of dependence on natural resources.
Given the mixed response to the proposed translocation of
blue sheep to the Everest region, alleviating the reservations
of local residents is likely to be key to any further consultation,
planning or implementation. |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rakhee @ |
Serial |
1475 |
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Author |
Han, X. Miquelle, D. G., Zhang, E., Jones, M., and Jin, T.. |
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Title |
Far eastern leopard and Siberian tiger conservation measures. |
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Conference Article |
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Year |
2001 |
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102-103 |
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Keywords |
CCT, conservation, conservation needs, conservation strategy, distribution, Jilin Province, leopard, monitoring, Panthera pardus, Panthera tigris, poaching, recovery, Recovery plan, snow |
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Abstract |
Workshop to develop a recovery plan for the wild north China tiger population. October 20th to 23th, 2000, Harbin.
Like the Siberian Tiger, the Far Eastern Leopard is one of China's largest Felidae and lives mainly in the eastern mountains of Jilin Province. The number of leopards is very low and it is even more endangered than the tiger. There is a very close relationship between leopard and tiger conservation, especially in areas where overlap occurs. In these areas, special emphasis has to be placed on each of the species' specific conservation needs. There is urgent need to step up our efforts to study and monitor leopard populations and to develop a conservation strategy. This document contains information of the status and main threats of the Far Eastern leopard and makes recommendations on needed conservation measures. |
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U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's Rhinoceros and Tiger Conservation Fund |
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Publisher |
Widlife Conservation Society |
Place of Publication |
Harbin |
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English |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ |
Serial |
1117 |
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Author |
Maheshwari, A. , Sathyakumar, S. |
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Title |
Snow leopard stewardship in mitigating human-wildlife conflict in Hemis National Park, Ladakh, India |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2019 |
Publication |
Human Dimensions of Wildlife |
Abbreviated Journal |
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1-5 |
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Keywords |
Snow leopard; human-wildlife conflict; ecotourism; livelihood; India |
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Abstract |
Among large predators, snow leopards (Panthera uncia) and co-predators (e.g., wolves
Canis lupus, lynx Lynx lynx) often cause economic losses, engendering animosity from
local communities in the mountain ecosystem across south and central Asia (Din et al.,
2017; Jackson & Lama, 2016; Maheshwari, Takpa, Kujur, & Shawl, 2010; Schaller, 2012).
These economic losses range from around US $50 to nearly $300 per household,
a significant sum given per capita annual incomes of $250 – $400 (Jackson & Wangchuk,
2004; Mishra, 1997). Recent efforts such as improved livestock husbandry practices
(predator-proof livestock corrals – closed night shelters with covered roof with wiremesh
and a closely fitting iron or wooden door that can be securely locked at night) and
community-based ecotourism (e.g., home stays, guides, porters, pack animals, campsites)
are providing alternative livelihood opportunities and mitigating large carnivores – human
conflict in the snow leopard habitats (Hanson, Schutgens, & Baral, 2018; Jackson, 2015;
Jackson & Lama, 2016; Vannelli, Hampton, Namgail, & Black, 2019). Snow leopard-based
ecotourism provides an opportunity to secure livelihoods and reduce poverty of the
communities living in ecotourism sites across Ladakh (Chandola, 2012; Jackson, 2015).
To understand the role of snow leopard-based ecotourism in uplifting the financial profile
of local communities, mitigating large carnivore – human conflict and eventually changing
attitudes towards large carnivores in Hemis National Park, Ladakh, India, we compared
the estimated financial gains of a snow leopard-based ecotourism to stated livestock
predation losses by snow leopards and wolves. |
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SLN @ rakhee @ |
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1484 |
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Author |
Hemmer, H. |
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Title |
Mammalian Species: Uncia uncia |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1972 |
Publication |
Mammalian Species |
Abbreviated Journal |
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20 |
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1-5 |
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Keywords |
snow leopard, Uncia uncia |
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American Society of Mammalogists |
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SLN @ rana @ |
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1222 |
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Author |
Hemmer, H. |
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Title |
Studies of Irbis, Uncia uncia: Munich State-collection Zoo |
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Miscellaneous |
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Munich State-collection Zoo |
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snow leopard, captivity, Munich |
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Translation to English by Joe & Dina Chybinski; year = early 1960's |
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SLN @ rana @ |
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1220 |
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Author |
Houston Zoological Society |
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Title |
Houston's summer snow |
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Miscellaneous |
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1979 |
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Hou-Zoo |
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H2=H3 |
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snow leopard, captivity, Houston Zoo |
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SLN @ rana @ |
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1214 |
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Author |
Ikeda, N. |
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Title |
Economic impacts of livestock depredation by snow leopard Uncia uncia in the Kanchenjunga Conservation Area, Nepal Himalaya |
Type |
Miscellaneous |
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Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Environmental Conservation |
Abbreviated Journal |
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31 |
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322-330 |
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herder; Kanchenjunga Conservation Area; local resident; park people conflict; wildlife conservation; yak.; snow leopard |
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Abstract |
It is necessary to fully understand the economic conditions of local herders in order to find solutions to the conflicts between wildlife conservation and livestock rearing in remote areas of low-income countries. In the Kanchenjunga Conservation Area (KCA), Nepal, livestock depredation by snow leopards impacts on yak herders' livelihoods. Retaliatory killings of snow leopard by the herders have been reported and the concerned authorities recently initiated snow leopard conservation programmes. In 2001, interviews with the yak herders who used the pastures in the Ghunsa valley in the preceding year collected data on the incidence of livestock death caused by snow leopards. The annual net cash income of the yak herders was estimated by obtaining baseline values of sales and expenditure per livestock head through field measurement of dairy products and interviews with a sample of herders. As yet, the average annual damage does not appear to have adversely affected fundamental livelihoods in households with an average herd size (36.6 head). However, in the worst scenario of livestock depredation, households with medium or small-sized herds (<40 head) might risk their living conditions becoming unsustainable or having to withdraw from yak pastoralism. A supplementary interview showed that the majority of the herders, except those who took completely neutral attitudes towards the regional conservation and development programme, had negative views of the snow leopard conservation policy. For the snow leopard conservation programme in the KCA to be a success, there must be a system to compensate the herders' households for livestock damage. |
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Full article not available on SLN bibliography due to copyright concerns. |
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SLN @ rana @ 906 |
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402 |
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Author |
Jackson, R. |
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Title |
Observations on the status and distribution of snow leopards (Panthera uncia) in Nepal |
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1977 |
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1-12 |
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snow leopard, Nepal |
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1229 |
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Author |
Jackson, R. |
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A radio-telemetry study of the snow leopard (Panthera uncia) in Nepal with emphasis on conservation and predator-prey relations |
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1980 |
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March |
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snow leopard, Nepal, conservation, radio telemetry, prey |
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Draft |
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SLN @ rana @ |
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1260 |
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Author |
Jackson, R., Hunter, D.O. |
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Title |
Snow leopard Survey and conservation handbook (First edition) |
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Report |
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1995 |
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1-120 |
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CCT, census, conservation, habitat, method, monitoring, prey, snow leopard, survey, Uncia uncia |
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Abstract |
The objectives of this handbook (First edition) are to provide standard procedures for conducting snow leopard status and distribution surveys; suggest uniform methods for assessing the status and relative abundance of large prey species (ungulates such as blue sheep, argali, markhor, Himalayan tahr, urial, ibex, red deer, and roe deer); offer guidance in evaluating habitat quality and identifying the major environmental factors affecting species welfare; and provide standard forms for reporting the results of these field surveys, and a process for feeding information developed by the International Snow Leopard Trust into Snoe Leopard Information Management System (SLIMS). |
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International Snow Leopard Trust |
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SLN @ rana @ |
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1120 |
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Author |
Jackson, R. |
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Title |
Radio-tracking snow leopards in the Himalaya: a progress report |
Type |
Report |
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1984 |
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snow leopard, radio telemetry, Himalaya, Nepal |
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SLN @ rana @ |
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1261 |
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Author |
Din, J. U., Ali, H., Ali, A., Younus, M., Mehmood,, T., Rashid, Y. N., Nawaz, M. A. |
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Title |
Pastoralist-predator interaction at the roof of the world: Conflict dynamics and implications for conservation |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Ecology and Society |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
22 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
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Keywords |
Afghan Pamir; carnivore; conflict; Pak Pamir; pastoralist; predation; snow leopard; Tajik Pamir; wolf |
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Abstract |
Pastoralism and predation are two major concomitantly known facts and matters of concern for conservation biologists worldwide. Pastoralist-predator conflict constitutes a major social-ecological concern in the Pamir mountain range encompassing Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Tajikistan, and affects community attitudes and tolerance toward carnivores. Very few studies have been conducted to understand the dynamics of livestock predation by large carnivores like snow leopards (Panthera uncia) and wolves (Canis
lupus), owing to the region�s remoteness and inaccessibility. This study attempts to assess the intensity of livestock predation (and resulting perceptions) by snow leopards and wolves across the Afghani, Pakistani, and Tajik Pamir range during the period January 2008�June 2012. The study found that livestock mortality due to disease is the most serious threat to livestock (an average 3.5 animal heads per household per year) and ultimately to the rural economy (an average of US$352 per household per year) as compared to
predation (1.78 animal heads per household per year, US$191) in the three study sites. Overall, 1419 (315 per year) heads of livestock were reportedly killed by snow leopards (47%) and wolves (53%) in the study sites. People with comparatively smaller landholdings and limited earning options, other than livestock rearing, expressed negative attitudes toward both wolves and snow leopards and vice versa. Education was found to be an effective solution to dilute people�s hatred for predators. Low public tolerance of the wolf and
snow leopard in general explained the magnitude of the threat facing predators in the Pamirs. This will likely continue unless tangible and informed conservation measures like disease control and predation compensation programs are taken among others. |
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SLN @ rakhee @ |
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1453 |
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Author |
Janecka, J. E., Jackson, R., Munkhtsog, B., Murphy, W. J. |
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Title |
Characterization of 9 microsatellites and primers in snow leopards and a species-specific PCR assay for identifying noninvasive samples |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2014 |
Publication |
Conservation Genetic Resource |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
6 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
369:373 |
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Keywords |
Microsatellites,Cytochrome b, Snow Leopard, Noninvasive genetics, Individual identification |
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Abstract |
Molecular markers that can effectively identify noninvasively collected samples and provide genetic
information are critical for understanding the distribution, status, and ecology of snow leopards (Panthera uncia). However, the low DNA quantity and quality in many
noninvasive samples such as scats makes PCR amplification and genotyping challenging. We therefore designed primers for 9 microsatellites loci previously isolated in the
domestic cat (Felis catus) specifically for snow leopard studies using noninvasive samples. The loci showed moderate levels of variation in two Mongolian snow leopard
populations. Combined with seven other loci that we previously described, they have sufficient variation (He = 0.504, An = 3.6) for individual identification and
population structure analysis. We designed a species species specific PCR assay using cytochrome b for identification of unknown snow leopard samples. These molecular markers
facilitate in depth studies to assess distribution, abundance, population structure, and landscape connectivity of this endangered species.
endangered species |
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no |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rakhee @ |
Serial |
1427 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Janecka, J. E., Jackson, R., Munkhtsog, B., Murphy, W. J. |
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Title |
Characterization of 9 microsatellites and primers in snow leopards and a species-specific PCR assay for identifying noninvasive samples |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2014 |
Publication |
Conservation Genetic Resource |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
6 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
369:373 |
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Keywords |
Microsatellites,Cytochrome b, Snow Leopard, Noninvasive genetics, Individual identification |
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Abstract |
Molecular markers that can effectively identify noninvasively collected samples and provide genetic
information are critical for understanding the distribution, status, and ecology of snow leopards (Panthera uncia). However, the low DNA quantity and quality in many
noninvasive samples such as scats makes PCR amplification and genotyping challenging. We therefore designed primers for 9 microsatellites loci previously isolated in the
domestic cat (Felis catus) specifically for snow leopard studies using noninvasive samples. The loci showed moderate levels of variation in two Mongolian snow leopard
populations. Combined with seven other loci that we previously described, they have sufficient variation (He = 0.504, An = 3.6) for individual identification and
population structure analysis. We designed a species species specific PCR assay using cytochrome b for identification of unknown snow leopard samples. These molecular markers
facilitate in depth studies to assess distribution, abundance, population structure, and landscape connectivity of this endangered species. |
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no |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rakhee @ |
Serial |
1428 |
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Author |
Johnsingh, A.J.T. |
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Title |
A roadmap for conservation in Uttaranchal |
Type |
Report |
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Year |
2006 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
1-13 |
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Keywords |
carnivores, conservation, forest, habitat, hunting, landscape, Panthera uncia, poaching, snow leopard, species, tiger, Uncia uncia, ungulates, Uttar Pradesh, Uttaranchal |
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Abstract |
The enchanting state of Uttaranchal, carved out of Uttar Pradesh on 9th November 2000, has a total area of ca. 53,485 km2 with a population density of 160 persons/ km2, much lower than the national average of 324/km2. This young state can take pride in the fact that 13.42% of its area is under protected areas. The state has varied landscapes: snow-capped and conifer forest covered mountains in the north, forest covered foothills with numerous perennial rivers and streams, locally known as the bhabar tract which includes the Himalayan foothills and the Shivalik range. As a result, the land is home to a variety of fascinating wildlife such as the golden mahseer (Tor putitora), king cobra (Ophiophagus hanna), Himalayan monal (Lophophorus impejanus), great hornbill (Buceros bicornis), Himalayan tahr (Hemitragus jemlahicus), bharal (Pseudois nayaur), Himalayan musk deer (Moschus chrysogaster), goral (Nemorhaedus goral), elephant (Elephas maximus), snow leopard (Panthera uncia), leopard (P. pardus), black bear (Ursus thibetanus), and tiger (P. tigris). All across their range, most of these species are endangered. The potential of this state, with about 800 kilometers of riverine habitat, can only be surpassed by Arunachal Pradesh in terms of golden mahseer conservation. The mountains, bedecked with the scarlet flowers of rhododendron (Rhododendron arboreum) in the summer months, can be a veritable home to many forms of pheasants, mountain ungulates and carnivores, provided poaching for trade is eliminated and hunting for the pot is brought under control. The bhabar forests of this state, ca. 7,500 km2, extending between Yamuna and Sharda rivers (Fig. 1.), can easily support a population of about 1000 elephants and 200 tigers as long as this large habitat, now fragmented in three blocks, is managed and protected as one continuous habitat for wildlife. Six villages, gujjar settlements and encroachments need to be moved away from the main wildlife habitat which goes along the bhabar tract. Although the conservation of these habitats can eventually bring in immense benefits through well-planned ecotourism programmes that are rapidly catching up in the state, initial conservation efforts would need a substantial amount of funds. |
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no |
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SLN @ rana @ |
Serial |
1121 |
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Author |
Jones, M.L. |
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Title |
The snow leopard in captivity |
Type |
Conference Volume |
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Year |
1977 |
Publication |
The World's Cats: Contributions to breeding biology, behavior and husbandry |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
III |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
264-271 |
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Keywords |
snow leopard, captivity |
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Editor |
Eaton, R.L. |
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English |
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Notes |
Proceedings of the Third Internatinoal Symposium on the World's Cats, April 26-28, 1974, Seattle, Washington. |
Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ |
Serial |
1233 |
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Author |
Kalashnikova, Y. A., Karnaukhov, A. S., Dubinin, M. Y., Poyarkov, A. D., Rozhnov, V. V. |
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Title |
POTENTIAL HABITAT OF SNOW LEOPARD (PANTHERA UNCIA, FELINAE) IN SOUTH SIBERIA AND ADJACENT TERRITORIES BASED ON THE MAXIMUM ENTROPY DISTRIBUTION MODEL |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2019 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
98 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
332-342 |
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Keywords |
Snow leopard, irbis, Panthera uncia, Maxent, habitat model, potential habitat |
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Abstract |
The snow leopard is an endangered large felid inhabiting highlands of 12 Asian countries. It is distributed
across vast territories and adequate modern methods are required for mapping its potential habitats. The goal
of the present study is to create a model of snow leopard potential habitat within the northern part of its range
in Russia (and adjacent territories of Mongolia, China and Kazakhstan). More than 5 years of observations
(total number of presence points = 449), environmental variables and the maximum entropy distribution
method (Maxent) are used. The resulting map demonstrates that a suitable habitat (probability of the animal�s
presence between 0.5 and 1) of the northern population of snow leopard in Russia occupies 16500 km2
with a buffer of transient territories (probability between 0.25 and 0.49) covering 32800 km2. Most of a suitable
habitat within the study area is associated with the Altai Mountains, Western Sayan Mountains, Sangilen
Plateau, Tsagan-Shibetu and Shapshal. One third of the suitable habitat lies within areas of a varying protection
status. The results of modeling are of importance both for scientists and conservation managers, as they
allow for leopard occurrence to be predicted, supporting research on and the conservation of the species. |
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no |
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SLN @ rakhee @ |
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1480 |
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Author |
Kashkarov, E. |
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Title |
THE SNOW LEOPARD OF KIRGIZIA: NATIONAL SHAME OR NATIONAL PRIDE |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2017 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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239-253 |
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Keywords |
snow leopard, irbis, ibex, mountain sheep, conservation, range, reserve, monitoring, cameratrap, Sarychat, Kirgizia, Central Asia. |
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Abstract |
Article examines the problems existing in conservation of the snow leopard in Kirgizia after break-up of the
USSR. Unfortunate situation is common to most of the 14 countries in the snow leopard range, but seems
especially sharp to Kirgizia. Yet half of the century ago Kirgizia has had about 1.5 thousand of the snow
leopards, and today there remains no more than 1/10. In Soviet time Kirgizia was a global supplier of the
snow leopards for the zoo-export � to create a reserve number of endangered cats in captivity. Today, at
least half of the snow leopards in the Zoos of the world are individuals, caught in Kirgizia or their
descendants.
Since independence, Kirgizia has set new records. In Sarychat-Irtash reserve � the best for the snow
leopard in Central Asia, and probably in the whole range � this species was completely destroyed after 3
years of reserve opening... and 17 years later � revived... Situation comes presently back to the worst-case
scenario, and not only for the snow leopard. Author shows how work in this direction social and economic
levers, and what kind future he would like to see in Kirgizia, where he lived for 12 years and was at the
forefront of pioneering research of the snow leopard and its conservation. |
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SLN @ rakhee @ |
Serial |
1454 |
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Author |
Kaunas Zoo |
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Title |
On the propagation of snow leopards in zoological gardens |
Type |
Miscellaneous |
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Year |
1962 |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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Keywords |
Kaunas Zoo, snow leopard, captive, breeding |
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Handwritten document |
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no |
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SLN @ rana @ |
Serial |
1184 |
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Author |
Khanal, G., Poudyal, L. P., Devkota, B. P., Ranabhat, R., Wegge, P. |
![goto web page (via DOI) doi](img/doi.gif)
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Title |
Status and conservation of the snow leopard Panthera uncia in Api Nampa Conservation Area, Nepal |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Fauna & Flora International |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
1-8 |
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Keywords |
Api Nampa Conservation Area, bharal, Nepal, Panthera uncia, Pseudois nayaur, snow leopard |
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Abstract |
The snow leopard Panthera uncia is globally
threatened and reliable information on its abundance,
distribution and prey species is a prerequisite for its conservation.
In October-November 2014 we assessed the distribution
of the snow leopard in the recently established Api
Nampa Conservation Area in the Nepal Himalayas.
Within selected blocks we conducted sign surveys and
counted the number of bharal Pseudois nayaur, its principal
wild prey, along transects totalling 106 km.We recorded 203
putative snow leopard signs at an encounter rate of 1.91
signs/km. Generalized linear models of the number of
signs detected per transect showed that elevation had a positive
influence and human activities a negative influence on
sign encounter rate; prey abundance had only a weak positive
influence on sign encounter rate. Within the effectively
surveyed area of c. 2002 km2, we counted 527 bharal at an estimated
density of 2.28 animals/km2. Recruitment of bharal
was low, estimated at 48 kids/100 adult females, most likely a
result of poor or overgrazed rangeland. We estimate
the total number of bharal in this conservation area to be
.>1,000, a prey base that could sustain 6-9 snow leopards.
Based on our field observations, we identified human disturbance
and habitat degradation associated with extraction
of non-timber forest products, livestock grazing, and poaching
as the main threats to the snow leopard. Standardized
sign surveys, preferably supplemented by sampling with
remote cameras or with genetic analysis of scats would
provide robust baseline information on the abundance of
snow leopards in this conservation area. |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rakhee @ |
Serial |
1473 |
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Author |
Khan, J. |
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Title |
Availability of snow leopard pelt in Pakistan |
Type |
Report |
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Year |
2002 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
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Keywords |
snow leopard, Pakistan, pelt, wildlife trade |
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no |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ |
Serial |
1246 |
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