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Author | Berger, J., Buuveibaatar, B., Mishra, C. | ||||
Title | Globalization of the Cashmere Market and the Decline of Large Mammals in Central Asia | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | Publication | Conservation Biology | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | 27 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 679-689 |
Keywords | fashion, herders, India, Mongolia, saiga, trade | ||||
Abstract | As drivers of terrestrial ecosystems, humans have replaced large carnivores in most areas, and human influence not only exerts striking ecological pressures on biodiversity at local scales but also has indirect effects in distant corners of the world. We suggest that the multibillion dollar cashmere industry creates economic motivations that link western fashion preferences for cashmere to land use in Central Asia. This penchant for stylish clothing, in turn, encourages herders to increase livestock production which affects persistence of over 6 endangered large mammals in these remote, arid ecosystems. We hypothesized that global trade in cashmere has strong negative effects on native large mammals of deserts and grassland where cashmere-producing goats are raised. We used time series data, ecological snapshots of the biomass of native and domestic ungulates, and ecologically and behaviorally based fieldwork to test our hypothesis. In Mongolia increases in domestic goat production were associated with a 3-fold increase in local profits for herders coexisting with endangered saiga (Saiga tatarica). That increasing domestic grazing pressure carries fitness consequences was inferred on the basis of an approximately 4-fold difference in juvenile recruitment among blue sheep (Pseudois nayaur) in trans-Himalayan India. Across 7 study areas in Mongolia, India, and China’s Tibetan Plateau, native ungulate biomass is now <5% that of domestic species. Such trends suggest ecosystem degradation and decreased capacity for the persistence of native species, including at least 8 Asian endemic species: saiga, chiru (Pantholops hodgsoni), Bactrian camel (Camelus bactrianus), snow leopard (Panthera uncia), khulan (Equus hemionus), kiang (E. kiang), takhi (E. przewalski), and wild yak (Bos mutus). Our results suggest striking yet indirect and unintended actions that link trophic-level effects to markets induced by the trade for cashmere. |
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | SLN @ rakhee @ | Serial | 1398 | ||
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Author | Gronberg, E. | ||||
Title | Movement patterns of snow leopard (Panthera uncia) around kills based on GPS location clusters | Type | Report | ||
Year | 2011 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | Issue | Pages | |||
Keywords | snow leopard, Panthera, Mongolia, Snow Leopard Trust, predator, prey, kill, behavior | ||||
Abstract | Research concerning movement patterns of wild animals has been advancing since GPS technology arrived. But studying the snow leopard (Panthera uncia) is still difficult because of the harsh territory it inhabits in Central Asia. This study took place in south Gobi, Mongolia, and aimed to estimate the time spent at kills and the maximum distance away from kills between visits. Snow leopards were monitored with GPS collars that took a location every five or seven hours. Potential kill sites were established by identifying clusters of GPS-locations in ArcGIS and visited in the field for confirmation. ArcGIS was used to calculate the distance between cluster and GPS-locations. I used two buffer zones (100 m and 500 m radius) to define the time snow leopards spent at kills. It was found that snow leopard age and prey category affected time spent at kills and also that snow leopard sex together with prey category affected the maximum distance moved away from kills between visits. Season had no significant effect on either time at kills or distance moved away from kills between visits. Snow leopards spent on average 3.2 days at their kills in the 100 m buffer zone and 3.5 days at their kills in the 500 m buffer zone. Subadults stayed longer at kills than adults and animals of both age categories spent longer time on larger prey. The mean maximum distance moved away from kills between visits was 179 m in the 100 m buffer zone and 252 m in the 500 m buffer zone. Female snow leopards moved further away from kills between visits than male snow leopards. Both the number of days spent on kills and maximum distance moved away from kills between visits increased when kills consisted of more than one animal. This study has provided some basic information on snow leopard behaviors around their kills but also highlights the need to monitor more snow leopards before more solid conclusions can be drawn as this study was based on based on a relatively small sample. | ||||
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Corporate Author | Thesis | Master's thesis | |||
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Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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Notes | Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources and Agricultural Sciences, Department of Ecology, Grimsö Wildlife Research Station | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ | Serial | 1301 | ||
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Author | Jackson. R | ||||
Title | Fostering Community-Based Stewardship of Wildlife in Central Asia: Transforming Snow Leopards from Pests into Valued Assets | Type | Book Chapter | ||
Year | 2012 | Publication | Springer Science and Business Media | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | Issue | Pages | 357-380 | ||
Keywords | Gurvan Saikhan National Park,Annapurna National Park,Nepal,Pakistan,India,Mongolia,China,Tibet,Mining,Poaching,PRA,Holistic,Community engagement,Fuel,Habitat fragmentation | ||||
Abstract | Book Title: Rangeland Stewardship in Central Asia: Balancing Improved Livelihoods, Biodiversity Conservation and Land Protection, 2012. Edited by Victor Squires. Published Springer Science+Business Media. 458 p. 91 illus., 61 in color. Addressing human–wildlife conflict is an important requisite to managing rangelands for livestock and wildlife. Despite high altitudes, aridity, and relatively low primary productivity, the rangelands of Central Asia support a rich and diverse biodiversity—including the endangered snow leopard that many herders perceive as a predator to be eliminated. Conserving this and other wildlife species requires carefully crafted interventions aimed at curbing depredation losses and/or reducing competition for forage, along with offering locally sustainable, environmentally friendly income-generating activities for supplementing pastoral household livelihoods. This is best achieved through a combination of incentives designed to foster sound rangeland and wildlife stewardship, along penalties or disincentives targeting herders who violate mutually agreed rules and regulations (including grazing norms and wildlife disturbance or poaching). When working toward the harmonious coexistence of people and wildlife, conservationists and rangeland practitioners need to seek the cooperation and build goodwill among herders and other stakeholders, including local government and private industry (especially the livestock production, mining, and tourism sectors). |
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | SLN @ rakhee @ | Serial | 1393 | ||
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Author | Johansson, O., Rauset, G. R., Samelius, G., McCarthy, T., Andren, H., Tumursukh, L., Mishra, C. | ||||
Title | Land sharing is essential for snow leopard conservation | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2016 | Publication | Biological Conservation | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | Issue | 203 | Pages | 1-7 | |
Keywords | Home range, LoCoH, Mongolia, Panthera uncial, Protected areas, Land sparing | ||||
Abstract | Conserving large carnivores in an increasingly crowded planet raises difficult challenges. A recurring debate is whether large carnivores can be conserved in human used landscapes (land sharing) or whether they require specially designated areas (land sparing). Here we show that 40% of the 170 protected areas in the global range of the snow leopard (Panthera uncia) are smaller than the home range of a single adult male and only 4– 13% are large enough for a 90% probability of containing 15 or more adult females. We used data from 16 snow leopards equipped with GPS collars in the Tost Mountains of South Gobi, Mongolia, to calculate home range size and overlap using three different estimators: minimum convex polygons (MCP), kernel utility distributions (Kernel), and local convex hulls (LoCoH). Local convex hull home ranges were smaller and included lower proportions of unused habitats compared to home ranges based on minimum convex polygons and Kernels. Intra-sexual home range overlapwas low, especially for adult males, suggesting that snowleopards are territorial. Mean home range size based on the LoCoH estimates was 207 km2 ± 63 SD for adult males and 124 km2 ± 41 SD for adult females. Our estimates were 6–44 times larger than earlier estimates based on VHF technology when comparing similar estimators, i.e. MCP. Our study illustrates that protected areas alone will not be able to conserve predatorswith large home ranges and conservationists and managers should not restrict their efforts to land sparing. | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | SLN @ rakhee @ | Serial | 1446 | ||
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Author | Khalzan, T. | ||||
Title | Vegetable growing agro technology | Type | Report | ||
Year | 2008 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | Issue | Pages | 1-3 | ||
Keywords | WWF Mongolia, community | ||||
Abstract | The training on ‘Vegetable growing agro technology’ organized in place named Dardaa during 8-9 May, 2003, as requested by Mr. J. Khurelbaatar, Governor of Sagil Soum and B. Bayarmaa officer, Uvs aimag branch of World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF)-Mongolian Programme office. Due to herders have to graze their livestock and distance matters not all herders came to the venue in time. The training, therefore, started lately at 10.30. At the beginning of the training B. Bayarmaa opened session introducing the trainee. The training was supported by Mercy Corp programme to teach individuals on agro technology of vegetables. Totally 15 person have attended in a training, of which 12 were attended in field schooling. Some of the participants represented one family so in field school some was absent due to had to care for livestock and other household needs. |
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Corporate Author | WWF Mongolia | Thesis | |||
Publisher | Place of Publication | Mongolia | Editor | ||
Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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Notes | 19 May 2008 Consultant report | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ | Serial | 1100 | ||
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Author | McCarthy, T.; Murray, K.; Sharma, K.; Johansson, O. | ||||
Title | Preliminary results of a long-term study of snow leopards in South Gobi, Mongolia | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2010 | Publication | Cat News | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | Autumn | Issue | 53 | Pages | 15-19 |
Keywords | snow leopard, Mongolia, monitor, population, Panthera, Snow Leopard Trust, Snow Leopard Conservation Fund, South Gobi, ecology, radio collar, GPS-satellite collar, home range, camera trapping, fecal genetics, occupancy modeling | ||||
Abstract | Snow leopards Panthera uncia are under threat across their range and require urgent conservation actions based on sound science. However, their remote habitat and cryptic nature make them inherently difficult to study and past attempts have provided insufficient information upon which to base effective conservation. Further, there has been no statistically-reliable and cost-effective method available to monitor snow leopard populations, focus conservation effort on key populations, or assess conservation impacts. To address these multiple information needs, Panthera, Snow Leopard Trust, and Snow Leopard Conservation Fund, launched an ambitious long-term study in Mongolia’s South Gobi province in 2008. To date, 10 snow leo-pards have been fitted with GPS-satellite collars to provide information on basic snow leopard ecology. Using 2,443 locations we calculated MCP home ranges of 150 – 938 km2, with substantial overlap between individuals. Exploratory movements outside typical snow leopard habitat have been observed. Trials of camera trapping, fecal genetics, and occupancy modeling, have been completed. Each method ex-hibits promise, and limitations, as potential monitoring tools for this elusive species. | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ | Serial | 1151 | ||
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Author | Richardson, N. | ||||
Title | The snow leopard: ghost of the mountains | Type | Newspaper Article | ||
Year | 2010 | Publication | The telegraph | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | Issue | 16 Dec 2010 | Pages | ||
Keywords | Mongolia, Snow Leopard Trust, Panthera, snow leopard, research | ||||
Abstract | Snow leopards face the threats of poaching, habitat loss and diminishing prey. In remotest Mongolia, a research team is keeping tabs on this iconic and elusive species. | ||||
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Notes | http://www.telegraph.co.uk/earth/wildlife/8207266/The-snow-leopard-ghost-of-the-mountains.html | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ | Serial | 1292 | ||
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Author | Rovero, F., Augugliaro, C., Havmoller, R. W., Groff, C., Zimmerman, F., Oberosler, V., Tenan, S. | ||||
Title | Co-occurrence of snow leopard Panthera uncia, Siberian ibex Capra sibirica and livestock: potential relationships and effects | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2018 | Publication | Oryx | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | Issue | Pages | 1-7 | ||
Keywords | Altai mountains, camera trapping, human� wildlife conflict, Mongolia, occupancy, occurrence interactions, Siberian ibex, snow leopard | ||||
Abstract | Understanding the impact of livestock on native wildlife is of increasing conservation relevance. For the Vulnerable snow leopard Panthera uncia, wild prey reduction, intensifying human�wildlife conflicts and retaliatory killings are severe threats potentially exacerbated by the presence of livestock. Elucidating patterns of co-occurrence of snow leopards, wild ungulate prey, and livestock, can be used to assess the compatibility of pastoralism with conservation. We used camera trapping to study the interactions of livestock, Siberian ibex Capra sibirica and snow leopards in a national park in the Altai mountains, Mongolia. We obtained  detections of wild mammals and  of domestic ungulates, dogs and humans. Snow leopards and Siberian ibex were recorded  and  times, respectively. Co-occurrence modelling showed that livestock had a higher estimated occupancy (.) than ibex, whose occupancy was lower in the presence of livestock (.) than in its absence (.�. depending on scenarios modelled). Snow leopard occupancy did not appear to be affected by the presence of livestock or ibex but the robustness of such inference was limited by uncertainty around the estimates. Although our sampling at presumed snow leopard passing sites may have led to fewer ibex detections, results indicate that livestock may displace wild ungulates, but may not directly affect the occurrence of snow leopards. Snow leopards could still be threatened by livestock, as overstocking can trigger human�carnivore conflicts and hamper the conservation of large carnivores. Further research is needed to assess the generality and strength of our results. |
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | SLN @ rakhee @ | Serial | 1465 | ||
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Author | Sharma, K. | ||||
Title | The mysterious irbis | Type | Magazine Article | ||
Year | 2008 | Publication | Sanctuary Asia | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 28 | Issue | 6 | Pages | 52-57 |
Keywords | Mongolia, Snow Leopard Conservation Fund, Panthera, Snow Leopard Trust, long-term, ecology, Tost, snow leopard | ||||
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Call Number | SLN @ rana @ | Serial | 1300 | ||
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Author | Tuyatsatsral, T.; Ganbold, B.; Ganbat, O.; Enkhee, C.; Nyambat, N. | ||||
Title | Buy Sheep Program and Environmental Planning of Herder Communities Assessment Report | Type | Report | ||
Year | 2009 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | Issue | Pages | 77 | ||
Keywords | Mongolia, herder, livestock, compensation, insurance | ||||
Abstract | Apparently with the decrease of number of globally endangered snow leopard due to reduction of prey species and loss of habitat, new approaches have been initiated to mitigate conflicts between herders and wildlife, ensuring local participation and building up stakeholders’ responsibility in nature conservation through supporting and guiding of local communities in participation and implementation of collaborative management in sustainable natural resource use. Actually, herder communities, aimed to protect the nature become one of that approaches and made it common consideration, especially in the buffer zones of the Turgen mountain SPA, Tsagaanshuvuut SPA and Gulzat local protected areas of Uvs aimag, where WWF MPO, UNDP and MNET are performing projects, such as “Community based conservation of biodiversity in the mountain landscapes of the Mongolia’s Altai Sayan ecoregion”. Since 2007, in Uvs aimag, particularly in Khaliunbulag bag of Khovd soum, WWF MPO initiated the compensation scheme for herders, aimed to mitigate conflicts between herders and snow leopard, reducing their loss caused by snow leopard and to support them mentally as well. Current assessment focused on performance evaluation of “Buy sheep” program in Khaliunbulag bag and capability of herder communities , that are established around protected areas, in developing their yearly environmental workplan, including its implementation process. |
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Corporate Author | WWF Mongolia | Thesis | |||
Publisher | WWF Mongolia | Place of Publication | Mongolia | Editor | |
Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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Notes | Report is also available in Mongolian in this bibliography | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ | Serial | 1096 | ||
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