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Kolmstetter, C.; Munson, L.; Ramsay, E.C. |
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Title |
Degenerative spinal disease in large felids |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2000 |
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J Zoo Wildl Med |
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31 |
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1 |
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15-19 |
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Age-Factors; Animal; Animals; zoo; Autopsy; veterinary; Carnivora; Female; Lions; Male; Age; factor; browse; 110 |
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Abstract |
Degenerative spinal disorders, including intervertebral disc disease and spondylosis, seldom occur in domestic cats. In contrast, a retrospective study of 13 lions (Panthera leo), 16 tigers (Panthera tigris), 4 leopards (Panthera pardis), 1 snow leopard (Panthera uncia), and 3 jaguars (Panthera onca) from the Knoxville Zoo that died or were euthanatized from 1976 to 1996 indicated that degenerative spinal disease is an important problem in large nondomestic felids. The medical record, radiographic data, and the necropsy report of each animal were examined for evidence of intervertebral disc disease or spondylosis. Eight (three lions, four tigers, and one leopard) animals were diagnosed with degenerative spinal disease. Clinical signs included progressively decreased activity, moderate to severe rear limb muscle atrophy, chronic intermittent rear limb paresis, and ataxia. The age at onset of clinical signs was 10-19 yr (median = 18 yr). Radiographic evaluation of the spinal column was useful in assessing the severity of spinal lesions, and results were correlated with necropsy findings. Lesions were frequently multifocal, included intervertebral disc mineralization or herniation with collapsed intervertebral disc spaces, and were most common in the lumbar area but also involved cervical and thoracic vertebrae. Marked spondylosis was present in the cats with intervertebral disc disease, presumably subsequent to vertebral instability. Six of the animals' spinal cords were examined histologically, and five had acute or chronic damage to the spinal cord secondary to disc protrusion. Spinal disease should be suspected in geriatric large felids with decreased appetite or activity. Radiographic evaluation of the spinal column is the most useful method to assess the type and severity of spinal lesions. |
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1042-7260 |
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Document Type: eng |
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SLN @ rana @ 384 |
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545 |
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Author |
Koivisto, I. |
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Preface |
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Book Chapter |
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Year |
1978 |
Publication |
International Pedigree Book of Snow Leopards, Vol. 3 |
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1 |
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1-2 |
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captive; International; pedigree; snow leopard; zoo |
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Helsinki Zoo |
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Helsinki |
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Blomqvist, L. |
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SLN @ rana @ 1032 |
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542 |
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Author |
Koivisto, I.; Wahlberg, C.; Muuronnen, P. |
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Title |
Breeding the snow leopard (Panthera Uncia) at the Helsinki Zoo 1967-1976 |
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Year |
1977 |
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Int.Zoo Yearbook |
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17 |
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39-44 |
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breeding; captivity; husbandry; zoos; zoo; mating; browse; 3650 |
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SLN @ rana @ 36 |
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541 |
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Author |
Knowles, J. |
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Title |
Snow leopards (Panthera uncia) at Marwell Zoological Park |
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1982 |
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International Pedigree Book of Snow Leopards, Vol. 3 |
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3 |
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59-62 |
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captive; International; Panthera-uncia; panthera uncia; snow leopard; zoo; zoological |
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Helsinki Zoo |
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Helsinki |
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Blomqvist, L. |
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SLN @ rana @ 1031 |
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539 |
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Author |
Kitchener, S.L.; Meritt; Rosenthal, M. |
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Title |
Observations on the breeding and husbandry of snow leopards, Panthera uncia |
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Journal Article |
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1975 |
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Int.Zoo Yearbook |
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15 |
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212-217 |
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Keywords |
breeding; husbandry; behavior; captivity; zoos; zoo; browse; 3640; Adult; care; biology; growth; mortality; factor; young; snow; snow leopards; snow leopard; snow-leopards; snow-leopard; leopards; leopard; program; park |
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Describes adult care and breeding biology, and the care, growth, and mortality factors of young snow leopards in a successful breeding program in the Lincon Park Zoo, Chicago, Illinois. |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 31 |
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535 |
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Author |
Karesh, W.B.; Russell, R. |
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Title |
Ovarian dysgerminoma in a snow leopard (Panthera uncia) |
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Year |
1988 |
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Journal Of Zoo Animal Medicine |
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19 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
223-225 |
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Keywords |
medicine; ovarian; Dysgerminoma; veterinary; medical; zoos; zoo; browse; 1520 |
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Addresses:KARESH WB, WOODLAND PK ZOOLOG GARDENS,5500 PHINNEY AVE N,SEATTLE,WA 98103UNIV WASHINGTON,DIV ANIM MED,SEATTLE,WA 98195 Publisher:AMER ASSOC Z00 VETERINARIANS, MEDIA Document Type: English |
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SLN @ rana @ 115 |
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515 |
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Karesh, W.B.; Asterino, R. |
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Mandibular osteomyelitis in a snow leopard (Panthera-uncia) with a review of osteomyelitis in other species and man |
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1988 |
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Journal Of Zoo Animal Medicine |
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19 |
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3 |
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137-142 |
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osteomyelitis; veterinary; medical; medicine; zoo; zoos; browse; 1540 |
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Addresses:KARESH WB, WOODLAND PK ZOOL GARDENS,5500 PHINNEY AVE N,SEATTLE,WA 98103AVIAN & EXOT ANIM HOSP,HAWTHORNE,CA Publisher:AMER ASSOC Z00 VETERINARIANS, MEDIA Document Type: English |
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SLN @ rana @ 132 |
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516 |
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Author |
Jalanka, H.H. |
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Evaluation and comparison of 2 ketamine-based immobilization techniques in snow leopards (Panthera uncia) |
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1989 |
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Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine |
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20 |
Issue |
2 |
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163-169 |
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ketamine; immobilization; capture; veterinary; zoo; zoos; medicine; medical; browse; 1530 |
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Addresses:JALANKA HH, HELSINKI ZOO,SF-00570 HELSINKI,FINLAND Publisher:AMER ASSOC Z00 VETERINARIANS, MEDIA Document Type: English |
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SLN @ rana @ 148 |
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485 |
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Jalanka, H.H. |
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Medetomidine-induced and ketamine-induced immobilization of snow leopards (Panthera uncia) doses, evaluation and reversal by atipamezole |
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1989 |
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Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine |
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20 |
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2 |
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154-162 |
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immobilization; drugs; dossage; doses; medetomidine; ketamine; veterinary; medical; medicine; zoo; zoos; atipamezole; browse; 1500 |
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Addresses:JALANKA HH, HELSINKI ZOO,SF-00570 HELSINKI,FINLAND Publisher:AMER ASSOC Z00 VETERINARIANS, MEDIA Document Type: English |
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SLN @ rana @ 146 |
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484 |
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Author |
Jackson, R. |
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Title |
SSC Plan for Snow Leopard |
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Miscellaneous |
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Year |
1992 |
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Keywords |
physiology; status; distribution; description; behavior; reproduction; mating; breeding; vocalization; gestation; biology; habitat; scrapes; sprays; scat; feces; longevity; homerange; home-range; prey; diet; Cites; Iunc; parks; preserves; reserves; refuge; protected-areas; movements; activity; livestock; herders; depredation; conflict; trade; poaching; hunting; research; captivity; management; zoos; Slims; surveys; transects; browse; home range; home; range; protected area; protected areas; protected; area; areas; 3920; plan; snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard |
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Full Text at URL
DRAFT – Revised September 22, 1992 by Rodney Jackson |
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SLN @ rana @ 201 |
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450 |
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