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Author Jackson. R url 
  Title Fostering Community-Based Stewardship of Wildlife in Central Asia: Transforming Snow Leopards from Pests into Valued Assets Type Book Chapter
  Year 2012 Publication Springer Science and Business Media Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 357-380  
  Keywords Gurvan Saikhan National Park,Annapurna National Park,Nepal,Pakistan,India,Mongolia,China,Tibet,Mining,Poaching,PRA,Holistic,Community engagement,Fuel,Habitat fragmentation  
  Abstract Book Title: Rangeland Stewardship in Central Asia: Balancing Improved Livelihoods, Biodiversity Conservation and Land Protection, 2012. Edited by Victor Squires. Published Springer Science+Business Media. 458 p. 91 illus., 61 in color.

Addressing human–wildlife conflict is an important requisite to managing

rangelands for livestock and wildlife. Despite high altitudes, aridity, and relatively

low primary productivity, the rangelands of Central Asia support a rich and diverse

biodiversity—including the endangered snow leopard that many herders perceive

as a predator to be eliminated. Conserving this and other wildlife species requires

carefully crafted interventions aimed at curbing depredation losses and/or reducing

competition for forage, along with offering locally sustainable, environmentally

friendly income-generating activities for supplementing pastoral household livelihoods.

This is best achieved through a combination of incentives designed to foster

sound rangeland and wildlife stewardship, along penalties or disincentives targeting

herders who violate mutually agreed rules and regulations (including grazing norms

and wildlife disturbance or poaching).

When working toward the harmonious coexistence of people and wildlife,

conservationists and rangeland practitioners need to seek the cooperation and

build goodwill among herders and other stakeholders, including local government

and private industry (especially the livestock production, mining, and tourism

sectors).		  
  Address  
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  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rakhee @ Serial 1393  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Ikeda, N. url 
  Title Economic impacts of livestock depredation by snow leopard Uncia uncia in the Kanchenjunga Conservation Area, Nepal Himalaya Type Miscellaneous
  Year 2004 Publication Environmental Conservation Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 31 Issue Pages 322-330  
  Keywords herder; Kanchenjunga Conservation Area; local resident; park people conflict; wildlife conservation; yak.; snow leopard  
  Abstract It is necessary to fully understand the economic conditions of local herders in order to find solutions to the conflicts between wildlife conservation and livestock rearing in remote areas of low-income countries. In the Kanchenjunga Conservation Area (KCA), Nepal, livestock depredation by snow leopards impacts on yak herders' livelihoods. Retaliatory killings of snow leopard by the herders have been reported and the concerned authorities recently initiated snow leopard conservation programmes. In 2001, interviews with the yak herders who used the pastures in the Ghunsa valley in the preceding year collected data on the incidence of livestock death caused by snow leopards. The annual net cash income of the yak herders was estimated by obtaining baseline values of sales and expenditure per livestock head through field measurement of dairy products and interviews with a sample of herders. As yet, the average annual damage does not appear to have adversely affected fundamental livelihoods in households with an average herd size (36.6 head). However, in the worst scenario of livestock depredation, households with medium or small-sized herds (<40 head) might risk their living conditions becoming unsustainable or having to withdraw from yak pastoralism. A supplementary interview showed that the majority of the herders, except those who took completely neutral attitudes towards the regional conservation and development programme, had negative views of the snow leopard conservation policy. For the snow leopard conservation programme in the KCA to be a success, there must be a system to compensate the herders' households for livestock damage.  
  Address  
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  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
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  Notes Full article not available on SLN bibliography due to copyright concerns. Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 906 Serial 402  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Hanson, J. H., Schutgens, M., Lama, R.P., Aryal, A., Dhakal, M. url 
  Title Local attitudes to the proposed translocation of blue sheep Pseudois nayaur to Sagarmatha National Park, Nepal Type Journal Article
  Year 2018 Publication Fauna & Flora International Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 1-7  
  Keywords Attitudes, blue sheep, human&wildlife conflict, Panthera uncia, Pseudois nayaur, Sagarmatha National Park, snow leopard, translocation  
  Abstract Translocations are an important tool for the conservation

of biodiversity, but although ecological feasibility

studies are frequently conducted prior to implementation,

social feasibility studies that consider how local communities

perceive such projects are less common. The translocation

of blue sheep Pseudois nayaur to Sagarmatha National

Park, Nepal, has been proposed, to reduce livestock depredation

by snow leopards Panthera uncia by providing an alternative

prey base in addition to the small population of

Himalayan thar Hemitragus jemlahicus. This study used

systematic sampling, a quantitative questionnaire and qualitative

interviews within the Park to provide data on the social

viability of the proposed translocation. Quantitative

analysis revealed moderate levels of support but qualitative

analysis suggested that there are significant concerns about

the proposal. In addition,multiple regression analysis found

that women and livestock owners were significantly less

supportive, although the model had low explanatory

power. Potential crop damage and competition for forage

were frequently cited as concerns, especially amongst

those with a high level of dependence on natural resources.

Given the mixed response to the proposed translocation of

blue sheep to the Everest region, alleviating the reservations

of local residents is likely to be key to any further consultation,

planning or implementation.		  
  Address  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rakhee @ Serial 1475  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Green, M. url 
  Title A check-list and some notes concerning the mammlas of the Langtang National Park, Nepal Type Journal Article
  Year 1981 Publication Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 78 Issue 1 Pages 77-87  
  Keywords snow leopard, Langtang National Park, Nepal  
  Abstract  
  Address  
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  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ Serial 1227  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Freeman, H. url 
  Title Breeding and behavior of the snow leopard Type Report
  Year 1980 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords snow leopard, captivity, breeding, behavior, Woodland Park Zoo, Seattle  
  Abstract  
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  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ Serial 1239  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Freeman, H. url 
  Title Phantom cat Type Magazine Article
  Year 1979 Publication Puget Soundings Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 8-13  
  Keywords captive, zoo, Woodland Park Zoo, snow leopard  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Junior League of Seattle Place of Publication Seattle, Washington Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
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  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ Serial 1288  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Ale, S.B., Boesi, R. url 
  Title Snow Leopard Sightings on the Top of the World Type Journal Article
  Year 2005 Publication Cat News Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue 43 Pages 19-20  
  Keywords Mt.Everest, Sagarmatha National Park, sightings, snow leopard, Uncia uncia  
  Abstract Sightings of snow leopards Uncia uncia in the wild are rare. This is because snow leopards occur in low numbers and are very elusive (Schaller 1977). Snow leopards may be sparsely distributed,but they may not, however, be very elusive in the world's highest park, Sagarmatha (Mt. Everest) National Park (86° 30' 53“ E to 86° 99' 08” E and 27° 46' 19“ N to 27° 06' 45” N) in Nepal.  
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  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ Serial 1111  
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Author Anonymous   
  Title Animal Kingdom in North Gansu Type Miscellaneous
  Year 1996 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords China; gansu; herder; livestock; protection; park; reserve; refuge; herders; protected-area; browse; protected; area; 1120  
  Abstract A corner of northwest China's Gansu province has become a haven for hundreds of wild and rare animals. They are being helped by the 10,000 strong population who are doing their best to help preserve their neighbors from the animal kingdom. The natural environment in the northern part of the province is said to be well suited to wild animals. Inside the Mongolia Autonomous County of Northern Gansu has become home to 174 various kinds of wild animals, 32 of them under state protection. The animal inhabitants include white lipped deer, wild yak, snow leopard, lynx, brown bear, argali sheep, snow pheasant and Tibetan Gazelle, and they are often found roaming the county's mountainous pasture areas.  
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  Notes Copyright (c) 1996 Xinhua News Agency Journal Title: Xinhua News Agency Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 293 Serial 84  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Aromov, B.   
  Title The Materials of the Numbers of Dispersed Animal Species in Kyzylsu Nature Reserve Type Conference Article
  Year 1982 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords Uzbekistan; Russia; Soviet-Union; Ussr; parks; park; reserves; reserve; refuge; protected-area; browse; soviet union; soviet; union; protected area; protected areas; protected; area; areas; 2550  
  Abstract  
  Address  
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  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Russian Summary Language Original Title  
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  Notes Abstracts of the Republican Conference, Tashkent. Date of Copyright: 1982 Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 65 Serial 102  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Hanson, J. H. pdf 
  Title Household Conflicts with Snow Leopard Conservation and Impacts from Snow Leopards in the Everest and Annapurna Regions of Nepal Type Journal Article
  Year Publication Environmental Management Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 1 of 12  
  Keywords Human-wildlife conflict, Annapurna conservation area, Sagarmatha national park, South asia, Human-wildlife coexistence, Carnivores  
  Abstract Impacts on households from large carnivores are frequently reported in the conservation literature, but conflicts between households and large carnivore conservation are not. Employing a human-wildlife coexistence framework that distinguishes between human-wildlife impacts on one hand, and human-conservation conflicts on the other, this paper presents data from Annapurna Conservation Area and Sagarmatha (Everest) National Park, Nepal, each with different models of conservation governance. Using systematic sampling, quantitative information from 705 households was collected via questionnaires, while 70 semi-structured interviews were conducted with key informants for cross-methods triangulation. 7.7% of households reported conflicts with snow leopard conservation in the previous 12 months, primarily due to damage to livelihoods; these were significantly higher in the Annapurna region. 373 livestock were reported lost by households to snow leopards in the previous 12 months, representing 3.4% of total livestock owned and US$ 132,450 in financial value. Livestock losses were significantly lower in the Everest area. In linear regression models, total household livestock losses to all sources best explained conflicts with snow leopard conservation and household livestock losses to snow leopards but the models for the former dependent variable had very low explanatory power. Conservation in general, and large carnivore conservation in particular, should distinguish carefully between impacts caused by coexistence with these species and conflicts with conservation actors and over the methods and interventions used to conserve carnivores, especially where these negatively impact local livelihoods. In addition, livestock husbandry standards are highlighted again as an important factor in the success of carnivore conservation programmes.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rakhee @ Serial 1679  
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Author Li,J., Xue, Y., Hacker, C. E., Zhang, Y., Li, Y., Cong, W., Jin, L., Li, G., Wu, B., Li, D., Zhang,Y. pdf 
  Title Projected impacts of climate change on snow leopard habitat in Qinghai Province, China Type Journal Article
  Year 2021 Publication Ecology and Evolution Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue 11 Pages 17202-17218  
  Keywords adaptive strategies, habitat corridors, National park, suitable habitat, vulnerability  
  Abstract Assessing species’ vulnerability to climate change is a prerequisite for developing effective strategies to reduce emerging climate-related threats. We used the maximum entropy algorithm (MaxEnt model) to assess potential changes in suitable snow leopard (Panthera uncia) habitat in Qinghai Province, China, under a mild climate change scenario. Our results showed that the area of suitable snow leopard habitat in Qinghai Province was 302,821 km2 under current conditions and 228,997 km2 under the 2050s climatic scenario, with a mean upward shift in elevation of 90 m. At present, nature reserves protect 38.78% of currently suitable habitat and will protect 42.56% of future suitable habitat. Current areas of climate refugia amounted to 212,341 km2 and are mainly distributed in the Sanjiangyuan region, Qilian mountains, and surrounding areas. Our results provide valuable information for formulating strategies to meet future conservation challenges brought on by climate stress. We suggest that conservation efforts in Qinghai Province should focus on protecting areas of climate refugia and on maintaining or building corridors when planning for future species management.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rakhee @ Serial 1685  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Li, Y., Zhang, Y., Yadong, X., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Y., Gao, Y. Li, D. pdf 
  Title Analysis of Conservation Gaps and Landscape Connectivity for Snow Leopard in Qilian Mountains of China Type Journal Article
  Year 2022 Publication Sustainability Abbreviated Journal 1-13  
  Volume 14 Issue 1638 Pages  
  Keywords national park; protection gap; landscape connectivity; habitat suitability  
  Abstract Human modification and habitat fragmentation have a substantial influence on large carnivores, which need extensive, contiguous habitats to survive in a landscape. The establishment of protected areas is an effective way to offer protection for carnivore populations by buffering them from anthropogenic impacts. In this study, we used MaxEnt to model habitat suitability and to identify conservation gaps for snow leopard (Panthera uncia) in the Qilian Mountains of China, and then assessed the impact of highways/railways and their corridors on habitat connectivity using a graph-based landscape connectivity model. Our results indicated that the study area had 51,137 km2 of potentially suitable habitat for snow leopards and that there were four protection gaps outside of Qilian Mountain National Park. The findings revealed that the investigated highway and railway resulted in a decrease in connectivity at a regional scale, and that corridor development might enhance regional connectivity, which strengthens the capacity of central habitat patches to act as stepping stones and improve connections between western and eastern habitat patches. This study emphasized the need for assessing the impact of highways and railways, as well as their role in corridor development, on species’ connectivity. Based on our results, we provide some detailed recommendations for designing protection action plans for effectively protecting snow leopard habitat and increasing habitat connectivity.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rakhee @ Serial 1686  
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Author Feng, X., Peng, Q., Chen, Y., Li, W. pdf 
  Title A Case Study of the Snow Leopard in Sanjiangyuan National Park Boundaries regarding Park Boundary Divergence Type Journal Article
  Year 2022 Publication Land Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 11 Issue 813 Pages 1-15  
  Keywords boundary divergence; national park; global warming; snow leopard; Sanjiangyuan National Park  
  Abstract This paper uses remote sensing data from the Sanjiangyuan National Park (SNP) to explore the divergence between the boundaries of national parks and the distribution of natural habitats. Results are used to argue that these discrepancies evolve along with the potential impact of global warming. Using the example of the habitat change of snow leopards and the conflicts between local people and snow leopards, we reflect on the consequences of this divergence. Results show that divergence between the political boundaries and natural habitats as well as the consequent influence on the living conditions of local people are strikingly visible, and the effects of global warming on such conflicts are apparent. The authors conclude that both notions of ‘political boundaries’ and ‘natural habitats’ are expected to come together as the SNP region is spatially configured, while ‘global warming’ seems to be relevant as an essential reference when delimiting the region in the future. Finally, the proposal for the establishment of cooperative conservation areas is presented,

emphasizing the role of cooperative governance in/around national parks.		  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rakhee @ Serial 1687  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Sherpa, L.N.; Lama, W.B. url 
  Title Hands around Mt. Everest Type Miscellaneous
  Year 1997 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords Tibet; China; protected-areas; parks; reserves; refuge; conservation; Transboundry; economics; tourism; Qomolangma; browse; protected area; protected areas; protected; area; areas; 3170  
  Abstract  
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  Notes Full Text at URL:Report on Transboundary Exchange Between Qomolangma Nature Preserve and Nepal's Mountain Protected Areas held in Shigatse, Tibet Autonomous Region of the People's Republic of China, September 21 to October 13, 1996 by Lhakpa Norbu Sherpa*, Transboundary Exchange Advisor, with assistance from Wendy Brewer Lama**, Ecotourism Specialist, The Mountain Institute Himalaya ProgramMarch 1997 Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 327 Serial 883  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Velte, F. url 
  Title Snow leopards at the Seneca Zoological Park, Rochester Type Book Chapter
  Year 1982 Publication International Pedigree Book of Snow Leopards, Vol. 3 Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 3 Issue Pages 55-58  
  Keywords captive; International; park; pedigree; snow-leopard; snow-leopards; snow leopard; snow leopards; zoo; zoological  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Helsinki Zoo Place of Publication Helsinki Editor Blomqvist, L.  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
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  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 1040 Serial 984  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Sunquist, F. url 
  Title Where cats and herders mix. (snow leopards in Tibet and Mongolia) Type Journal Article
  Year 1997 Publication International Wildlife Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 27 Issue 1 Pages 27-33  
  Keywords Mongolia; Tibet; herder; livestock; snow-leopard; predator; prey; World-Wildlife-Foundation; habitat; reserve; park; refuge; Pakistan; China; herders; parks; protected-area; snow leopard; browse; Wwf; world wildlife foundation; 1110; snow; leopard; range; territory; central; Central Asia; asia; Animal; region; conservation; wildlife; foundation; border; sheep; Baltistan; enclosures; area; home; snow leopards; snow-leopards; leopards; countries; country; Feed; Cats; cat; mountain; peoples; people  
  Abstract The snow leopard inhabits a huge range of territory which encompasses some of Central Asia's most bleak and inhospitable terrains. The animal herders in these regions are desperately poor and yet they have agreed to cooperate with conservation groups in protecting the snow leopard. The World Wildlife Foundation has worked to create a refuge on the Pakistan-China border. Sheep herders near Askole, a village in the Baltistan region of northern Paksitan, drive their flocks past stone enclosures. The area is also home to snow leopards. With their natural prey dminished, leopards in 13 countries of central Asia occasionally feed on livestock, putting the cats on a collision course with mountain peoples.  
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  Notes COPYRIGHT 1997 National Wildlife Federation , Jan-Feb 1997 v27 n1 p26(8) Document Type: English Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 330 Serial 950  
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Author The Snow Leopard Conservancy url 
  Title A Learning Tour of the CBN (Corbett, Nainital and Binsar) Eco-tourism Initiative Sites by Villagers from Hemis National Park and the Surrounding Area (18-28th November 2002) Type Report
  Year 2002 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume SLC Field Document Series No 5 Issue Pages  
  Keywords Ladakh; Himalayas; Himalaya; Karakoram; mountains; mountain; landscape; tourists; trans-himalayan; transhimalayan; biodiversity; home; snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard; tourism; number; ecotourism; 80; conservation; traditional; local; community; Culture; income; people; leh; travel; rural; Snow Leopard Conservancy; ecotourism activities; ecotourism-activities; activities; activity; Hemis; national; national park; National-park; park; livelihood; loss; livestock; Animals; Animal; local people; NGO's; eco-tourism; villagers; area  
  Abstract Ladakh lies between the Great Himalayas and the formidable Karakoram mountains.

Its unique landscape and rich cultural heritage have been a great attraction to tourists all over

the world. Apart from its uniqueness it has a rich Trans-Himalayan bio-diversity and is home

to the rare and elusive snow leopard. It opened to tourism in 1974 with a handful of tourists

and has gone up to the present number of about 18,000 visitors annually. Ecotourism started in Ladakh in mid 80s in the form of conservation of traditional

architecture when local communities realized the importance of their rich culture and

traditions being valued by the visiting tourists. However, while tourism became a major

source of income to people in Leh, most of the benefits stayed with outside (Delhi) based

travel agents thus leaving out the rural masses. During the last three years Snow Leopard Conservancy and The Mountain Institute have been

initiating ecotourism activities with local communities in the Hemis National Park as an

alternate livelihood and an indirect way to compensate losses of livestock from predatory

animals. However, local people while venturing into such new initiatives have tended to be

like blind men that are being led by NGO's so that they do not stumble along their paths.		  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Leh, Ladakh, India Editor Wangchuk, R.; Dadul, J.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 1025 Serial 963  
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Author The Snow Leopard Conservancy url 
  Title Local People's Attitudes toward Wildlife Conservation in the Hemis National Park, with Special Reference to the Conservation of Large Predators Type Report
  Year 2003 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 7 Issue Pages 1-29  
  Keywords local; local people; people; attitudes; attitude; wildlife; conservation; Hemis; national; national park; National-park; park; large; large predators; predators; predator; field; Jackson  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Sonoma, California Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
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  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes SLC Field Series Document No 7. Prepared by R. Jackson, R. Wangchuk, and J. Dadul. Sonoma, California. Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 1012 Serial 964  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Shrestha, B. url 
  Title Prey Abundance and Prey Selection by Snow Leopard (uncia uncia) in the Sagarmatha (Mt. Everest) National Park, Nepal Type Report
  Year 2008 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 1-35  
  Keywords project; snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard; network; conservation; program; prey; abundance; selection; uncia; Uncia uncia; Uncia-uncia; Sagarmatha; national; national park; National-park; park; Nepal; resource; predators; predator; ecological; impact; region; community; structure; number; research; population; status; density; densities; wild; prey species; prey-species; species; Himalayan; tahr; musk; musk-deer; deer; game; birds; diet; livestock; livestock depredation; livestock-depredation; depredation; awareness; co-existence; ungulates; ungulate; Human; using; areas; area; monitoring; transect; Hair; identification; scat; attack; patterns; sighting; 1760; populations; birth; Male; Female; young; domestic; domestic livestock; 120; scats; yak; Dog; pika; wildlife; Seasons; winter; horse; study; cover; land; predation; Pressure; development; strategy; threatened; threatened species; threatened-species; conflicts; conflict; people; control; husbandry; compensation; reintroduction; blue; blue sheep; blue-sheep; sheep; free ranging  
  Abstract Predators have significant ecological impacts on the region's prey-predator dynamic and community structure through their numbers and prey selection. During April-December 2007, I conducted a research in Sagarmatha (Mt. Everest) National Park (SNP) to: i) explore population status and density of wild prey species; Himalayan tahr, musk deer and game birds, ii) investigate diet of the snow leopard and to estimate prey selection by snow leopard, iii) identify the pattern of livestock depredation by snow leopard, its mitigation, and raise awareness through outreach program, and identify the challenge and opportunities on conservation snow leopard and its co-existence with wild ungulates and the human using the areas of the SNP. Methodology of my research included vantage points and regular monitoring from trails for Himalayan tahr, fixed line transect with belt drive method for musk deer and game birds, and microscopic hair identification in snow leopard's scat to investigate diet of snow leopard and to estimate prey selection. Based on available evidence and witness accounts of snow leopard attack on livestock, the patterns of livestock depredation were assessed. I obtained 201 sighting of Himalayan tahr (1760 individuals) and estimated 293 populations in post-parturient period (April-June), 394 in birth period (July -October) and 195 November- December) in rutting period. In average, ratio of male to females was ranged from 0.34 to 0.79 and ratio of kid to female was 0.21-0.35, and yearling to kid was 0.21- 0.47. The encounter rate for musk deer was 1.06 and density was 17.28/km2. For Himalayan monal, the encounter rate was 2.14 and density was 35.66/km2. I obtained 12 sighting of snow cock comprising 69 individual in Gokyo. The ratio of male to female was 1.18 and young to female was 2.18. Twelve species (8 species of wild and 4 species of domestic livestock) were identified in the 120 snow leopard scats examined. In average, snow leopard predated most frequently on Himalayan tahr and it was detected in 26.5% relative frequency of occurrence while occurred in 36.66% of all scats, then it was followed by musk deer (19.87%), yak (12.65%), cow (12.04%), dog (10.24%), unidentified mammal (3.61%), woolly hare (3.01%), rat sp. (2.4%), unidentified bird sp. (1.8%), pika (1.2%), and shrew (0.6%) (Table 5.8 ). Wild species were present in 58.99% of scats whereas domestic livestock with dog were present in 40.95% of scats. Snow leopard predated most frequently on wildlife species in three seasons; spring (61.62%), autumn (61.11%) and winter (65.51%), and most frequently on domestic species including dog in summer season (54.54%). In term of relative biomass consumed, in average, Himalayan tahr was the most important prey species contributed 26.27% of the biomass consumed. This was followed by yak (22.13%), cow (21.06%), musk deer (11.32%), horse (10.53%), wooly hare (1.09%), rat (0.29%), pika (0.14%) and shrew (0.07%). In average, domestic livestock including dog were contributed more biomass in the diet of snow leopard comprising 60.8% of the biomass consumed whilst the wild life species comprising 39.19%. The annual prey consumption by a snow leopard (based on 2 kg/day) was estimated to be three Himalayan tahr, seven musk deer, five wooly hare, four rat sp., two pika, one shrew and four livestock. In the present study, the highest frequency of attack was found during April to June and lowest to July to November. The day of rainy and cloudy was the more vulnerable to livestock depredation. Snow leopard attacks occurred were the highest at near escape cover such as shrub land and cliff. Both predation pressure on tahr and that on livestock suggest that the development of effective conservation strategies for two threatened species (predator and prey) depends on resolving conflicts between people and predators. Recently, direct control of free – ranging livestock, good husbandry and compensation to shepherds may reduce snow leopard – human conflict. In long term solution, the reintroduction of blue sheep at the higher altitudes could also “buffer” predation on livestock.  
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  Notes Project funded by Snow Leopard Network's Snow Leopard Conservation Grant Program. Forum of Natural Resource Managers, Nepal. Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 1076 Serial 887  
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Author Shafiq, M.M.; Abid, A. url 
  Title Status of large mammal species in Khunjerab National Park Type Journal Article
  Year 1998 Publication Pakistan Journal of Forestry Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 48 Issue 1-4 Pages 91-96  
  Keywords Khunjerab-National-Park; large-mammals; endangered species; snow leopard; Uncia uncia; wolf; fox; ibex; sheep; bear; prey; predator; protected-area; Khunjerab; browse; national; park; large; mammals; endangered; species; uncia; protected; 560  
  Abstract Study on the current status of large mammals species population was carried out in Khunjerab National Park, Northern Areas. The observation recorded showed that the population of Tibetan Red fox (Vulpes vulpes montana), Snow leopard (Uncia uncia), and Wolf (Canis lupus) have, though a bit, increased but are still in the rank of “Endangered”. While the population of Himalyan Ibex (Cpara ibex sibirica) is increasing more rapidly and their status is now “Common” in the Park. The limited population of Marcopolo sheep (Ovis ammon polii), Tibetan wild Ass (Equus hemionus kiang) and Brown bear (Urus arctos) is still under threat, and comes them under “Critical Endangered” category.  
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  Notes Document Type: English Call Number: 634.909547 PA Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 342 Serial 879  
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Author Schaller, G.B. url 
  Title Mountain mammals in Pakistan Type Journal Article
  Year 1976 Publication Oryx Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 13 Issue Pages 351-356  
  Keywords Pakistan; Chitral-Gol; status; distribution; hunting; poaching; hunters; parks; park; reserves; reserve; refuge; protected-area; browse; chitral gol; chitral; protected area; protected; area; 2240  
  Abstract Four or five snow leopards were present in 300 sq km of Chitral District in 1974. Six snow leopards were shot in vicinity of Chitral Gol in winter of 1971-1972, and at least one the next year. Estimates fewer then 250 snow leopards in Pakistan.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 33 Serial 863  
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Author Schaller, G. url 
  Title Tibet's remote Chang Tang: in a high and sacred realm Type Journal Article
  Year 1993 Publication National Geog. Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 184 Issue 2 Pages 62-87  
  Keywords Tibet; protected-area; park; parks; reserve; refuge; protected area; protected areas; area; areas; protected; browse; 3220  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 213 Serial 858  
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Author Schaller, G.B. url 
  Title On meeting a Snow Leopard Type Journal Article
  Year 1972 Publication Animal Kingdom Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 75 Issue 1 Pages 7-13  
  Keywords Pakistan; ecology; conservation; distribution; livestock; goat; baiting; reserves; reserve; park; parks; refuge; behavior; protected-area; browse; protected area; protected; area; 2220  
  Abstract Discusses snow leopard distribution, ecology and conservation. Describes baiting (with a domestic goat) of a snow leopard and cub in a game reserve in Northern Pakistan. Incudes a description of the Leopard killing a goat, and observations over a week when the leopards were feeding on the goat baits.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 23 Serial 861  
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Author Rasool, G. url 
  Title The status of management of protected areas in the Northern Areas of Pakistan Type Journal Article
  Year 1994 Publication Tigerpaper Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Xxi Issue 1 Pages 23-26  
  Keywords parks; Pakistan; park; reserves; reserve; refuge; status; protected-area; browse; protected area; protected areas; area; areas; protected; 2120  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 241 Serial 808  
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Author Rasool, G. url 
  Title Population status of Wildlife in Khunjerab National Park Type Journal Article
  Year 1990 Publication Tigerpaper Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Xvii Issue 4 Pages 25-28  
  Keywords status; Khunjerab; National-park; park; parks; refuge; reserves; reserve; Pakistan; protected-area; browse; national park; national; 2190  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 161 Serial 807  
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