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| Author |
Rashid, W., Shi, J., Rahim, I. U., Dong, S., Ahmad, L. |
| Title |
Research trends and management options in human-snow leopard conflict |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Biological Conservation |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
242 |
Issue |
108413 |
Pages |
1-10 |
| Keywords |
Snow leopards, Systematic review, Compensation, Co-existence, Livestock, Human-wildlife conflict, Mitigation |
| Abstract |
Conservation of the snow leopard (Panthera uncia) is challenging because of its threatened status and increase in human-snow leopard conflict (HSC). The area of occupancy of the snow leopard comprises mountainous regions of Asia that are confronted with various environmental pressures including climate change. HSCs have increased with a burgeoning human population and economic activities that enhance competition between human and snow leopard or its preys. Here we systematically review the peer-reviewed literature from 1994 to 2018 in Web of Science, Google Scholar, Science Direct and PubMed (30 articles), to evaluate the current state of scholarship about HSCs and their management. We determine: 1) the spatio-temporal distribution of relevant researches; 2) the methodologies to assess HSCs; 3) and evaluate existing interventions for conflict management; and 4) the potential options for HSC management. The aim of the current study is thus to identify key research gaps and future research requirements. Of the articles in this review, 60% evaluated the mitigation of HSCs, while only 37% provided actionable and decisive results. Compensation programs and livestock management strategies had high success rates for mitigating HSCs through direct or community-managed interventions. Further research is required to evaluate the efficacy of existing HSC mitigation strategies, many of which, while recommended, lack proper support. In spite of the progress made in HSC studies, research is needed to examine ecological and sociocultural context of HSCs. We suggest future work focus on rangeland management for HSC mitigation, thus ultimately fostering a co-existence between human and snow leopard. |
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SLN @ rakhee @ |
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1716 |
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Bohnett, E., Holmberg, J., Faryabi, S. P., An, L., Ahmad, B., Rashid, W., Ostrowski, S. |
| Title |
Comparison of two individual identification algorithms for snow leopards (Panthera uncia) after automated detection |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2023 |
Publication |
Ecological Informatics |
Abbreviated Journal |
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77 |
Issue |
102214 |
Pages |
1-14 |
| Keywords |
Background subtraction, Deep learning, Hotspotter, Individual identification, PIE v2, Snow leopards |
| Abstract |
Photo-identification of individual snow leopards (Panthera uncia) is the primary data source for density estimation via capture-recapture statistical methods. To identify individual snow leopards in camera trap imagery, it is necessary to match individuals from a large number of images from multiple cameras and historical catalogues, which is both time-consuming and costly. The camouflaged snow leopards also make it difficult for machine learning to classify photos, as they blend in so well with the surrounding mountain environment, rendering applicable software solutions unavailable for the species. To potentially make snow leopard individual identification available via an artificial intelligence (AI) software interface, we first trained and evaluated image classification techniques for a convolutional neural network, pose invariant embeddings (PIE) (a triplet loss network), and compared the accuracy of PIE to that of the HotSpotter algorithm (a SIFT-based algorithm). Data were acquired from a curated library of free-ranging snow leopards taken in Afghanistan between 2012 and 2019 and from captive animals in zoos in Finland, Sweden, Germany, and the United States. We discovered several flaws in the initial PIE model, such as a small amount of background matching, that was addressed, albeit likely not fixed, using background subtraction (BGS) and left-right mirroring (LR) techniques which demonstrated reasonable accuracy (Rank 1: 74% Rank-5: 92%) comparable to the Hotspotter results (Rank 1: 74% Rank 2: 84%)The PIE BGS LR model, in conjunction with Hotspotter, yielded the following results: Rank-1: 85%, Rank-5: 95%, Rank-20: 99%. In general, our findings indicate that PIE BGS LR, in conjunction with HotSpotter, can classify snow leopards more accurately than using either algorithm alone. |
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SLN @ rakhee @ |
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1723 |
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Waits, L.P.; Buckley-Beason, V.A.; Johnson, W.E.; Onorato, D.; McCarthy, T. |
| Title |
A select panel of polymorphic microsatellite loci for individual identification of snow leopards (Panthera uncia)
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Miscellaneous |
| Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Molecular Ecology Notes |
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7 |
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311-314 |
| Keywords |
identification; leopard; leopards; microsatellites,noninvasive genetic sampling,Panthera uncia,snow leopard; panthera; Panthera-uncia; panthera uncia; snow; snow-leopard; snow-leopards; snow leopard; snow leopards; uncia; endangered; carnivores; carnivore; mountain; region; central; Central Asia; asia; methods; conservation; management; Molecular; individual identification; Hair; domestic; cat; felis; captive; number; probability; using; wild |
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Snow leopards (Panthera uncia) are elusive endangered carnivores found in remote mountain regions of Central Asia. New methods for identifying and counting snow leopards are needed for conservation and management efforts. To develop molecular genetic tools for individual identification of hair and faecal samples, we screened 50 microsatellite loci developed for the domestic cat (Felis catus) in 19 captive snow leopards. Forty-eight loci were polymorphic with numbers of alleles per locus ranging from two to 11. The probability of observing matching genotypes for unrelated individuals (2.1 x10-11) and siblings (7.5x10-5) using the 10 most polymorphic loci was low, suggesting that this panel would easily discriminate among individuals in the wild. |
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| Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 865 |
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1001 |
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| Author |
Worley, M.B. |
| Title |
Chronic liver disease in snow leopards: A possible viral etiology |
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Book Chapter |
| Year |
1982 |
Publication |
International Pedigree Book of Snow Leopards, Vol. 3 |
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3 |
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Pages |
131-133 |
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captive; Chronic; Disease; etiology; International; Liver; pedigree; snow-leopard; snow-leopards; snow leopard; snow leopards; veterinary; Viral; zoo |
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Helsinki Zoo |
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Helsinki |
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Blomqvist, L. |
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SLN @ rana @ 1046 |
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1030 |
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Worley, M.B. |
| Title |
Hypogammaglobulinemia in snow leopards |
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Book Chapter |
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1982 |
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International Pedigree Book of Snow Leopards, Vol. 3 |
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3 |
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129-130 |
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captive; hypogammaglobulinemia; International; pedigree; snow-leopard; snow-leopards; snow leopard; snow leopards; veterinary |
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Helsinki Zoo |
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Helsinki |
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Blomqvist, L. |
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SLN @ rana @ 1045 |
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1029 |
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Wharton, D.; Mainka, S.A. |
| Title |
Snow leopards, livestock management |
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Unsupported: Pamphlet |
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1986 |
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snow; snow leopards; snow leopard; snow-leopards; snow-leopard; leopards; leopard; livestock; management; Chinese; global |
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Xinjiang Conservation Fund & International Snow Leopard Trust |
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China |
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In Chinese. Supported by the Global Greengrant Fund, www.greengrants.org. |
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SLN @ rana @ 1082 |
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1015 |
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Weilemann P. |
| Title |
Experiences in births of snow leopards in Zurich Zoo |
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Book Chapter |
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1982 |
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International Pedigree Book of Snow Leopards, Vol. 3 |
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3 |
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111-116 |
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birth; captive; International; pedigree; snow-leopard; snow-leopards; snow leopard; snow leopards; zoo |
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Helsinki Zoo |
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Helsinki |
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Blomqvist, L. |
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SLN @ rana @ 1043 |
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1012 |
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| Author |
Weilenmann, P. |
| Title |
First experiences in keeping snow leopards in the Zurich Zoo |
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Book Chapter |
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1978 |
Publication |
International Pedigree Book of Snow Leopards, Vol. 1 |
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1 |
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35-43 |
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International; pedigree; snow; snow leopards; snow leopard; snow-leopards; snow-leopard; leopards; leopard |
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Helsinki Zoo |
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Helsinki |
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Blomqvist, L. |
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SLN @ rana @ 1042 |
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1013 |
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Wahlberg, C.; Tarkkanen, A. |
| Title |
On the multiple ocular coloboma with retinal dysplasia (MOC) in snow leopards, Pantera uncia |
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Book Chapter |
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1980 |
Publication |
International Pedigree Book of Snow Leopards |
Abbreviated Journal |
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2 |
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183-194 |
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multiple; Coloboma; retinal; Retinal-Dysplasia; dysplasia; snow; snow leopards; snow leopard; snow-leopards; snow-leopard; leopards; leopard; uncia; International; pedigree |
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Helsinki Zoo |
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Helsinki |
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Blomqvist, L. |
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SLN @ rana @ 1096 |
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999 |
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Wahlberg, C. |
| Title |
Autopsy findings and causes of death in captive snow leopards (Panthera uncia): a preliminary report |
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Book Chapter |
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1980 |
Publication |
International Pedigree Book of Snow Leopards |
Abbreviated Journal |
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2 |
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205-217 |
| Keywords |
Autopsy; Death; captive; snow; snow leopards; snow leopard; snow-leopards; snow-leopard; leopards; leopard; panthera; panthera uncia; Panthera-uncia; uncia; Report; International; pedigree |
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Helsinki Zoo |
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Helsinki |
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Blomqvist, L. |
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SLN @ rana @ 1095 |
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998 |
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