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Author | Singh, R., Krausman, P. R., Pandey, P., Maheshwari, A., Rawal, R. S., Sharma, S., Shekhar, S. | ||||
Title | Predicting Habitat Suitability of Snow Leopards in the Western Himalayan Mountains, India | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2020 | Publication | Biology bulletin | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 47 | Issue | 6 | Pages | 655-664 |
Keywords | biogeographic distribution, climate, endangered cat, MaxEnt, snow leopard | ||||
Abstract | The population of snow leopard (Panthera uncia) is declining across their range, due to poaching, habitat fragmentation, retaliatory killing, and a decrease of wild prey species. Obtaining information on rare and cryptic predators living in remote and rugged terrain is important for making conservation and management strategies. We used the Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) ecological niche modeling framework to predict the potential habitat of snow leopards across the western Himalayan region, India. The model was developed using 34 spatial species occurrence points in the western Himalaya, and 26 parameters including, prey species distribution, temperature, precipitation, land use and land cover (LULC), slope, aspect, terrain ruggedness and altitude. Thirteen variables contributed 98.6% towards predicting the distribution of snow leopards. The area under the curve (AUC) score was high (0.994) for the training data from our model, which indicates pre- dictive ability of the model. The model predicted that there was 42432 km2 of potential habitat for snow leop- ards in the western Himalaya region. Protected status was available for 11247 km2 (26.5%), but the other 31185 km2 (73.5%) of potential habitat did not have any protected status. Thus, our approach is useful for predicting the distribution and suitable habitats and can focus field surveys in selected areas to save resources, increase survey success, and improve conservation efforts for snow leopards. |
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1629 | |||
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Author | McCarthy, T. | ||||
Title | Snow Leopards in Mongolia | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
Year | 2000 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | Issue | Pages | |||
Keywords | Mongolia; distribution; status; irbis; irbis-enterprises; herders; livestock; economy; conservation; gobi; habitat; Disease; depredation; conflict; predator; prey; hunting; poaching; skins; pelts; coats; furs; bones; trade; Macne; habitat-fragmentation; browse; enterprises; fragmentation; habitat fragmentation; 4090 | ||||
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Notes | Full Text at URL | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 383 | Serial | 662 | ||
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Author | Atzeni, L., Cushman, S. A., Bai, D., Wang, J., Chen, P., Shi, K., Riordan, P. | ||||
Title | Meta-replication, sampling bias, and multi-scale model selection: A case study on snow leopard (Panthera uncia) in western China. | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2020 | Publication | Ecology and Evolution | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | Issue | Pages | 1-27 | ||
Keywords | MaxEnt, meta-replication, multi-scale, Panthera uncia, sampling bias, scale selection, snow leopard, species distribution model | ||||
Abstract | Replicated multiple scale species distribution models (SDMs) have become increasingly important to identify the correct variables determining species distribution and their influences on ecological responses. This study explores multi-scale habitat relationships of the snow leopard (Panthera uncia) in two study areas on the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau of western China. Our primary objectives were to evaluate the degree to which snow leopard habitat relationships, expressed by predictors, scales of response, and magnitude of effects, were consistent across study areas or locally landcape-specific. We coupled univariate scale optimization and the maximum entropy algorithm to produce multivariate SDMs, inferring the relative suitability for the species by ensembling top performing models. We optimized the SDMs based on average omission rate across the top models and ensembles’ overlap with a simulated reference model. Comparison of SDMs in the two study areas highlighted landscape-specific responses to limiting factors. These were dependent on the effects of the hydrological network, anthropogenic features, topographic complexity, and the heterogeneity of the landcover patch mosaic. Overall, even accounting for specific local differences, we found general landscape attributes associated with snow leopard ecological requirements, consisting of a positive association with uplands and ridges, aggregated low-contrast landscapes, and large extents of grassy and herbaceous vegetation. As a means to evaluate the performance of two bias correction methods, we explored their effects on three datasets showing a range of bias intensities. The performance of corrections depends on the bias intensity; however, density kernels offered a reliable correction strategy under all circumstances. This study reveals the multi-scale response of snow leopards to environmental attributes and confirms the role of meta-replicated study designs for the identification of spatially varying limiting factors. Furthermore, this study makes important contributions to the ongoing discussion about the best approaches for sampling bias correction. |
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1616 | |||
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Author | Zimina R.P. | ||||
Title | Biology and biotopical distribution of mammals. Predators. Distribution of mammals by vertical zones | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
Year | 1964 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | Issue | Pages | 25-27 | ||
Keywords | Kyrgyzstan; Issy-Kul derression; fauna; snow leopard; distribution.; 8820; Russian | ||||
Abstract | Fauna of the Issyk-Kul depression and the surrounding ridges consists of heterogeneous elements different in their ecologic features and origin. In highlands, more common are species of Central Asia's origin (gray marmot, snow leopard, dhole, ibex, argali, etc.). Snow leopard is met in Terskey-Alatau. Each year hunters catch/shoot one to three snow leopards in the Chon-Kizilsu river basin. In the Djeti-Oguz district, up to five eight snow leopards are caught each winter. Snow leopard is also caught/shot in the river basins Chon-Kizilsu, Karabatkak, Ortok, Archtor, Tekeletor, and Shatly. | ||||
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Notes | Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Regularities of vertical distribution of mammals. | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 859 | Serial | 1090 | ||
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Author | Zhiryakov V.A. | ||||
Title | Ecology and behavior of the Snow leopard in Kazakhstan | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
Year | 2002 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | N 1-4. | Issue | Pages | 184-199 | |
Keywords | Kazakhstan; distribution; number; density; population size; habitats; marking; Migration; diet; prey species; hunting; faeces; Sex; Age; population dynamics; reproductive activity; competitors; mortality; snow leopard.; 8810; Russian | ||||
Abstract | The data on spreading, numbers and population density of snow leopard in Kazakhstan are given in this article. The total number of the snow leopard in Kazakhstan is evaluated in 100-110 individuals. The everywhere occurred numbers' reduction under the influence of the anthropogenic factors is observed. The snow leopard' inhabitation area varies from 20 to 120 square kilometers depending on its regions. Sex and composition of the population and its aggregative behavior are given. The dynamics of numbers and mortality are estimated. | ||||
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Notes | Full text available in Russian.Journal Title: Selevinia. The zoological journal of Kazakhstan. | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 858 | Serial | 1087 | ||
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Author | Zhirnov L.V. | ||||
Title | Rare and endangered species of the USSR | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
Year | 1978 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | Issue | Pages | 91-94 | ||
Keywords | Ussr; snow leopard; distribution; number; practical use.; 8740; Russian | ||||
Abstract | A description of snow leopard number, distribution, reproductive biology, death reasons, and conservation measures in the USSR, where northern and north-western border of its habitat runs, is given. The population of snow leopard in the USSR is 500 1,000 animals. In the Inner Tien Shan, 400 snow leopards were caught 1936 through 1970. The maximum of 120 skins was purchased in Pamir in 1956 1958. Population of snow leopard directly correlates with population of ibex, a fact being verified by data collected on a long-term basis. Moreover, snow leopard was for a long time considered as a harmful animal, shooting of which was encouraged by premiums and resulted in reduction of snow leopard population. | ||||
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Notes | Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Mammals and birds. | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 851 | Serial | 1080 | ||
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Author | Zhirjakov, V.A. | ||||
Title | On the ecology of the snow leopard in the Zailisky-Alatau (Northern Tien Shan) | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1990 | Publication | Int Ped Book of Snow Leopards | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 6 | Issue | Pages | 25-30 | |
Keywords | Tien-Shan; ecology; China; browse; Kazakhstan; Russia; Soviet-Union; distribution; population; prey; behavior; food-habits; scat-analysis; 3240 | ||||
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Notes | Full text available at URL | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 168 | Serial | 1078 | ||
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Author | Zakirov A. | ||||
Title | Cats | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
Year | 1974 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | Issue | Pages | 196-198 | ||
Keywords | Uzbekistan; Ferghana valley; mammals; Cats; snow leopard; distribution.; 8680; Russian | ||||
Abstract | It describes a fauna complex of the Fergana valley in Uzbekistan. Three cat family species are found there (wild cat, Turkistan lynx and snow leopard). Snow leopard (Uncia uncia) inhabits eastern part of the Chatkal ridge in the mountains of Akchala. Known are cases of snow leopard's preying on sheep in summer but such cases are extremely rare and the harm is negligent. This is a highly endangered species and therefore full prohibition of shooting the animals is required. | ||||
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Notes | Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Vertebrates in the Ferghana valley. | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 845 | Serial | 1070 | ||
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Author | Zakhidov T.Z.Meklenburtsev R.N., B.O.P. | ||||
Title | Snow leopard Uncia uncia Schreb. Distribution of fauna elements over Central Asia | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
Year | 1971 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | Vol. 2. Vertebrate animals. | Issue | Pages | 234-235 | |
Keywords | Central Asia; snow leopard; distribution; preys; behavior; practical value.; 8670; Russian | ||||
Abstract | Snow leopard inhabits the mountainous ecosystems from Tarbagatai to Hissar and Pamir. It feeds upon large animals such as ibex, argali, roe deer, and sometimes domestic sheep, rodents, and birds (most frequently snow cock). The skin of this animal is not of significant value and is rarely an item of trade. In many countries, zoos will readily buy snow leopards. There is no danger for a man to catch snow leopard since even being wounded during a hunt, the animal would never attack the man. An encounter with snow leopard in the mountains will always end safely for human being, as it is always first to spot a man and go away unnoticed. | ||||
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Notes | Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Nature and fauna of Central Asia. | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 844 | Serial | 1069 | ||
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Author | Zakhidov T.Z. | ||||
Title | Irbis (Felis uncia) Ilvrs | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
Year | 1960 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | Issue | Pages | 67 | ||
Keywords | Uzbekistan; snow leopard; taxonomy; distribution; habitats; life history; practical value.; 8660; Russian | ||||
Abstract | The author provides information about snow leopard taxonomy, distribution, habitat and appearance. Biology of this animal is understudied. Snow leopard is able to make long jumps. It feeds upon ibex, wild sheep, marmots, partridge, and sometimes livestock, but never man. Gestation period is three months, at the end of May female gives birth to two or three cubs. Being very occasional, purchase of skin is of no practical value. | ||||
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Notes | Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Zoological encyclopedia (Mammals). | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 843 | Serial | 1068 | ||
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